MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), Aug 05 2020, 9:59 am
this Memorandum Decision shall not be CLERK Indiana Supreme Court regarded as precedent or cited before any Court of Appeals and Tax Court court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Mark K. Phillips Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Boonville, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana J.T. Whitehead Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
E.S., August 5, 2020 Appellant-Respondent, Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-JS-2901 v. Appeal from the Warrick Circuit Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Appellee-Petitioner Greg Granger, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 87C01-1905-JS-134
Vaidik, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JS-2901 | August 5, 2020 Page 1 of 6 Case Summary [1] E.S. appeals his delinquency adjudication for consuming an alcoholic beverage,
arguing that the evidence is insufficient. We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] The evidence most favorable to the adjudication is as follows. In March 2019, a
Castle Middle School student named K.O. poured vodka from her home’s
refrigerator into a water bottle and brought it to school. K.O. was familiar with
vodka, and this was not the first time that she had brought vodka to school. She
later stated that the liquid tasted like and smelled like vodka. When she arrived
at school, K.O. placed the water bottle in her locker. Before lunch, a student
named B.N. took the water bottle containing vodka and mixed it into a bottle of
blue Powerade. B.N noted that the Powerade bottle was nearly empty, and he
filled it to the halfway point with the vodka given to him by K.O. B.N later
testified that he knew the water bottle contained alcohol. B.N. said that he
knew it was vodka and that it tasted like vodka. B.N. also told E.S. that the
Powerade bottle contained vodka. On the way to the cafeteria, E.S. drank from
the Powerade bottle. Mr. Hood, an assistant principal, saw E.S. drinking from
the Powerade bottle and told him not to drink in the hallway. E.S. then went
into the cafeteria, and the Powerade bottle was shared with multiple students at
the lunch table.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JS-2901 | August 5, 2020 Page 2 of 6 [3] Two students told Mr. Fischer, another of the school’s assistant principals,
about the alcohol being consumed in the cafeteria. He worked with two
custodians to fish the Powerade bottle out of the trash and took the bottle with
him to his office. Fischer later said that the bottle smelled like it contained
alcohol. Fischer then radioed Mr. Hood and told him about the situation. Both
principals began questioning students that they believed drank from the bottle
during lunch. Mr. Hood questioned E.S. E.S. told Mr. Hood that he did not
drink alcohol but that he had drank from the Powerade bottle. Deputy Michael
Dietsch was then called to the school. Dietsch sniffed the Powerade bottle and
thought that it smelled like it had contained alcohol.
[4] The State filed a Petition Alleging Delinquency in May 2019, charging E.S.
with consumption of an alcoholic beverage by a minor under Indiana Code
section 7.1-5-7-7(a)(2). A fact-finding hearing was held in November 2019. The
court found that E.S. had consumed an alcoholic beverage and ordered him to
complete twenty hours of community service and the Youth Services Bureau
Program.
[5] E.S. now appeals.
Discussion and Decision [6] E.S. contends that the evidence is insufficient to support the adjudication.
“When the State seeks to have a juvenile adjudicated as a delinquent child for
committing an act which would be a crime if committed by an adult, the State
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JS-2901 | August 5, 2020 Page 3 of 6 must prove every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” E.D. v.
State, 905 N.E.2d 505, 506 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). “In reviewing a juvenile
adjudication, this court will consider only the evidence and reasonable
inferences supporting the judgment and will neither reweigh evidence nor judge
the credibility of the witnesses.” Id. “If there is substantial evidence of probative
value from which a reasonable trier of fact could conclude that the juvenile was
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, we will affirm the adjudication.” Id.
[7] Indiana Code section 7.1-5-7-7 states, in relevant part, that “it is a Class C
misdemeanor for a minor to knowingly . . . consume an alcoholic beverage.”
An “alcoholic beverage” is defined as “a liquid or solid that: (1) is, or contains,
one-half percent (0.5%) or more alcohol by volume; (2) is fit for human
consumption; and (3) is reasonably likely or intended to be used as a beverage.”
Ind. Code § 7.1-1-3-5.
[8] E.S. does not dispute that he drank from the Powerade bottle. He argues only
that “[n]o evidence was presented to the Court that a liquid or solid that
contained one-half percent or more alcohol by volume was ever consumed by
[E.S.] on March 15, 2019.” Appellant’s Br. p. 9. He points out that there was no
evidence of his breath smelling of alcohol or of him having bloodshot eyes,
slurred speech, impaired attention or reflexes, or unsteady balance. He also
notes that he was given a portable breath test that “resulted in a zero (0).” Id. In
addition, he cites K.O.’s testimony that she “did not have the presence of
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JS-2901 | August 5, 2020 Page 4 of 6 alcohol on her breath, slurred speech, bloodshot eyes or an odor of alcoholic
beverage.” Id. at 10.1
[9] While all of this is true, there is still ample evidence to affirm the adjudication.
K.O. testified that she was familiar with the smell and taste of vodka, that she
had brought vodka to school before, and that the liquid she brought to school
that day was vodka. It is common knowledge that vodka is high in alcohol, and
the judge was permitted to infer that K.O. was referring to vodka as it is
commonly known. See Turner v. State, 749 N.E.2d 1205, 1209 (Ind. Ct. App.
2001). It is true that the vodka was mixed with Powerade. However, the person
who did the mixing, B.N., testified that the bottle was almost empty and that he
filled it to the halfway mark with vodka. Even as a mixture, this drink certainly
contained the one-half percent alcohol by volume necessary to satisfy the
statute. Furthermore, both assistant principal Fischer and Deputy Dietsch
testified that the Powerade bottle still smelled like alcohol even when it was
empty. This evidence is sufficient to support the conclusion that the Powerade
bottle contained at least one-half percent of alcohol when E.S. drank out of it.2
1 E.S. cites Dickert v. State, No. 32A01-0912-CR-583, 2010 WL 1953457 (Ind. Ct. App. May 17, 2010). That was an unpublished memorandum decision.
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MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), Aug 05 2020, 9:59 am
this Memorandum Decision shall not be CLERK Indiana Supreme Court regarded as precedent or cited before any Court of Appeals and Tax Court court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Mark K. Phillips Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Boonville, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana J.T. Whitehead Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
E.S., August 5, 2020 Appellant-Respondent, Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-JS-2901 v. Appeal from the Warrick Circuit Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Appellee-Petitioner Greg Granger, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 87C01-1905-JS-134
Vaidik, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JS-2901 | August 5, 2020 Page 1 of 6 Case Summary [1] E.S. appeals his delinquency adjudication for consuming an alcoholic beverage,
arguing that the evidence is insufficient. We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] The evidence most favorable to the adjudication is as follows. In March 2019, a
Castle Middle School student named K.O. poured vodka from her home’s
refrigerator into a water bottle and brought it to school. K.O. was familiar with
vodka, and this was not the first time that she had brought vodka to school. She
later stated that the liquid tasted like and smelled like vodka. When she arrived
at school, K.O. placed the water bottle in her locker. Before lunch, a student
named B.N. took the water bottle containing vodka and mixed it into a bottle of
blue Powerade. B.N noted that the Powerade bottle was nearly empty, and he
filled it to the halfway point with the vodka given to him by K.O. B.N later
testified that he knew the water bottle contained alcohol. B.N. said that he
knew it was vodka and that it tasted like vodka. B.N. also told E.S. that the
Powerade bottle contained vodka. On the way to the cafeteria, E.S. drank from
the Powerade bottle. Mr. Hood, an assistant principal, saw E.S. drinking from
the Powerade bottle and told him not to drink in the hallway. E.S. then went
into the cafeteria, and the Powerade bottle was shared with multiple students at
the lunch table.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JS-2901 | August 5, 2020 Page 2 of 6 [3] Two students told Mr. Fischer, another of the school’s assistant principals,
about the alcohol being consumed in the cafeteria. He worked with two
custodians to fish the Powerade bottle out of the trash and took the bottle with
him to his office. Fischer later said that the bottle smelled like it contained
alcohol. Fischer then radioed Mr. Hood and told him about the situation. Both
principals began questioning students that they believed drank from the bottle
during lunch. Mr. Hood questioned E.S. E.S. told Mr. Hood that he did not
drink alcohol but that he had drank from the Powerade bottle. Deputy Michael
Dietsch was then called to the school. Dietsch sniffed the Powerade bottle and
thought that it smelled like it had contained alcohol.
[4] The State filed a Petition Alleging Delinquency in May 2019, charging E.S.
with consumption of an alcoholic beverage by a minor under Indiana Code
section 7.1-5-7-7(a)(2). A fact-finding hearing was held in November 2019. The
court found that E.S. had consumed an alcoholic beverage and ordered him to
complete twenty hours of community service and the Youth Services Bureau
Program.
[5] E.S. now appeals.
Discussion and Decision [6] E.S. contends that the evidence is insufficient to support the adjudication.
“When the State seeks to have a juvenile adjudicated as a delinquent child for
committing an act which would be a crime if committed by an adult, the State
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JS-2901 | August 5, 2020 Page 3 of 6 must prove every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” E.D. v.
State, 905 N.E.2d 505, 506 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). “In reviewing a juvenile
adjudication, this court will consider only the evidence and reasonable
inferences supporting the judgment and will neither reweigh evidence nor judge
the credibility of the witnesses.” Id. “If there is substantial evidence of probative
value from which a reasonable trier of fact could conclude that the juvenile was
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, we will affirm the adjudication.” Id.
[7] Indiana Code section 7.1-5-7-7 states, in relevant part, that “it is a Class C
misdemeanor for a minor to knowingly . . . consume an alcoholic beverage.”
An “alcoholic beverage” is defined as “a liquid or solid that: (1) is, or contains,
one-half percent (0.5%) or more alcohol by volume; (2) is fit for human
consumption; and (3) is reasonably likely or intended to be used as a beverage.”
Ind. Code § 7.1-1-3-5.
[8] E.S. does not dispute that he drank from the Powerade bottle. He argues only
that “[n]o evidence was presented to the Court that a liquid or solid that
contained one-half percent or more alcohol by volume was ever consumed by
[E.S.] on March 15, 2019.” Appellant’s Br. p. 9. He points out that there was no
evidence of his breath smelling of alcohol or of him having bloodshot eyes,
slurred speech, impaired attention or reflexes, or unsteady balance. He also
notes that he was given a portable breath test that “resulted in a zero (0).” Id. In
addition, he cites K.O.’s testimony that she “did not have the presence of
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JS-2901 | August 5, 2020 Page 4 of 6 alcohol on her breath, slurred speech, bloodshot eyes or an odor of alcoholic
beverage.” Id. at 10.1
[9] While all of this is true, there is still ample evidence to affirm the adjudication.
K.O. testified that she was familiar with the smell and taste of vodka, that she
had brought vodka to school before, and that the liquid she brought to school
that day was vodka. It is common knowledge that vodka is high in alcohol, and
the judge was permitted to infer that K.O. was referring to vodka as it is
commonly known. See Turner v. State, 749 N.E.2d 1205, 1209 (Ind. Ct. App.
2001). It is true that the vodka was mixed with Powerade. However, the person
who did the mixing, B.N., testified that the bottle was almost empty and that he
filled it to the halfway mark with vodka. Even as a mixture, this drink certainly
contained the one-half percent alcohol by volume necessary to satisfy the
statute. Furthermore, both assistant principal Fischer and Deputy Dietsch
testified that the Powerade bottle still smelled like alcohol even when it was
empty. This evidence is sufficient to support the conclusion that the Powerade
bottle contained at least one-half percent of alcohol when E.S. drank out of it.2
1 E.S. cites Dickert v. State, No. 32A01-0912-CR-583, 2010 WL 1953457 (Ind. Ct. App. May 17, 2010). That was an unpublished memorandum decision. Indiana Appellate Rule 65(D) provides, “Unless later designated for publication in the official reporter, a memorandum decision shall not be regarded as precedent and shall not be cited to any court except by the parties to the case to establish res judicata, collateral estoppel, or law of the case.” 2 E.S. also argues that “[t]here was no evidence that the liquid or solid contained one half percent of alcohol by volume because no evidence was presented that the liquid located in the powerade bottle was tested by anyone from the Indiana Department of Toxicology.” Appellant’s Br. p. 9. However, it is not entirely clear that there was enough liquid left in the bottle to allow for a test. Deputy Dietsch testified, “It was-it was a
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JS-2901 | August 5, 2020 Page 5 of 6 [10] Affirmed.
May, J., and Robb, J., concur.
blue, uh, it was a Powerade bottle with a little bit of blue liquid in the bottom. Which when I-when I say a little bit of blue liquid, when you drink all your drink and you’re done with it, whatever’s left that comes down off the sides was in the bottle. So, minimal liquid in a blue Powerade bottle.” Tr. p. 106. In any event, we have held that “while a chemical analysis of an alleged alcoholic beverage is no doubt the best way to establish its identity, circumstantial evidence tending to show that a beverage contains more than .5% alcohol by volume may be sufficient.” Turner, 749 N.E.2d at 1209. As discussed above, there was plenty of evidence showing that the liquid in the Powerade bottle contained at least .5% alcohol by volume.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JS-2901 | August 5, 2020 Page 6 of 6