Erika Mondragon Gomez v. Pamela Bondi

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: November 21, 2025
• Docket: 16-73532
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS NOV 21 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ERIKA MONDRAGON GOMEZ; JUAN No. 16-73532 PABLO GUTIERREZ MONDRAGON, Agency Nos. A206-912-005 Petitioners, A206-912-006

v. MEMORANDUM* PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted November 18, 2025** Pasadena, California

Before: BYBEE, LEE, and DE ALBA, Circuit Judges.

Petitioners Erika Mondragon Gomez (“Mondragon”) and her minor son,

Juan Pablo Gutierrez Mondragon (collectively, “Petitioners”), are citizens of

Mexico. They seek review of a Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision

affirming an immigration judge’s (“IJ”) order denying their applications for

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against

Torture (“CAT”).1 Petitioner also asserts that the IJ incorrectly denied her motion

for a continuance. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252 and deny the

petition.

Where, as here, the BIA agrees with the IJ’s reasoning and supplements that

reasoning with its own analysis, this Court may review both decisions. See

Bhattarai v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 1037, 1042 (9th Cir. 2016). This Court reviews the

BIA’s factual findings under the highly deferential substantial evidence standard

and reviews de novo both purely legal questions and mixed questions of law and

fact. See Mendoza-Pabo v. Holder, 667 F.3d 1308, 1312 (9th Cir. 2012).

Moreover, “the decision to grant or deny a continuance is within the sound

discretion of the IJ and will not be overturned except on a showing of clear abuse.”

Singh v. Holder, 638 F.3d 1264, 1274 (9th Cir. 2011) (citation modified).

1. Substantial evidence supports the finding that Petitioner did not suffer

past harm rising to the requisite level of persecution. Notably, property damage

such as Petitioner’s broken windshield is not enough to demonstrate past

1 Juan Pablo Gutierrez Mondragon seeks asylum as a derivative beneficiary of Mondragon—i.e., he does not seek relief separate from Mondragon’s application and is not entitled to assert a derivative claim for withholding of removal or CAT protection. See Mansilla-Jimenez v. Bondi, 2025 WL 547374, at *1 n.1 (9th Cir. Feb. 19, 2025). As such, references to Petitioner in the singular are to Mondragon as the lead Petitioner.

2 persecution. See, e.g., Ho v. Mukasey, 292 F. App’x 534, 535 (9th Cir. 2008).

Moreover, “[w]e have repeatedly held that threats may be compelling evidence of

past persecution, particularly when they are specific and menacing and are

accompanied by evidence of violent confrontations, near-confrontations and

vandalism.” See Mashiri v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 1112, 1119 (9th Cir. 2004). Here,

the Zeta cartel never directly threatened Petitioners, nor did they physically harm

them. Additionally, although “‘harms that have befallen a petitioner’s family

members or close friends’ strengthen an applicant’s past-persecution claim,” the

generalized threats of violence the Zeta cartel made to Petitioner’s nephew,

Christian, and the single incident of violence against Petitioner’s sister, Maria, are

not enough. Singh v. Garland, 57 F.4th 643, 654 (9th Cir. 2023). Last, given

Petitioner’s lack of knowledge surrounding the details of her nephew Giovanni’s

alleged kidnapping by the Zeta cartel, this Court cannot say that the scant evidence

surrounding this kidnapping bolsters Petitioner’s application for asylum.

2. Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s conclusion that Petitioner did

not establish a well-founded fear of future persecution. Specifically, Petitioner

failed to present an objectively reasonable fear of future persecution because at

least five members of her family—her parents, her brother, Christian, and Maria—

remain unharmed in Mexico. See Santos-Lemus v. Mukasey, 542 F.3d 738, 743–44

(9th Cir. 2008) (where “a family member has remained unharmed since [the

3 petitioner] left [their country] is ‘substantial evidence’ supporting the Board’s

finding that [the petitioner] lacks a well-founded fear of future persecution”),

abrogated on other grounds by Henriquez-Rivas v. Holder, 707 F.3d 1081 (9th Cir.

2013); Lim v. I.N.S., 224 F.3d 929, 935 (9th Cir. 2000).

3. Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that Petitioner

failed to establish that she will be singled out for persecution in the future by a

group the Mexican government is unable or unwilling to control. Here, the record

demonstrates that Petitioner and her family reported Maria’s incident to the police

who in turn lodged an investigation even though Maria was unable to provide

details to help identify her assailants. See Doe v. Holder, 736 F.3d 871, 878 (9th

Cir. 2013) (“This Court has recognized that unwillingness or inability to control

persecutors is not demonstrated simply because the police ultimately were unable

to solve a crime or arrest the perpetrators, where the asylum applicant failed to

provide the police with sufficiently specific information to permit an investigation

or an arrest.”). Moreover, Petitioner’s cousin was arrested and convicted by the

federal police in Mexico for his association with the Zeta cartel, which indicates

that the Mexican government is willing to prosecute those involved with that

cartel. See Mansour v. Ashcroft, 390 F.3d 667, 673 (9th Cir. 2004).

4. Since Petitioner has not met the standard for asylum, she cannot meet

the higher burden of demonstrating the clear probability of persecution required for

4 withholding of removal. 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A); 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(b); Kumar

v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 520, 525 (9th Cir. 2006).

5. Similarly, because Petitioner’s alleged past harm does not rise to the

level of persecution, “it necessarily falls short of the definition of torture” required

by CAT. Sharma v. Garland, 9 F.4th 1052, 1067 (9th Cir. 2021). Based on the

record here, “a reasonable factfinder would not be compelled to find [Petitioner]

eligible for CAT protection.” Tamang v. Holder, 598 F.3d 1083, 1095 (9th Cir.

2010).

6. Finally, the IJ properly exercised its discretion in concluding that

Petitioner failed to establish good cause for a continuance of her merits hearing to

obtain additional evidence. Notably, Petitioner could not demonstrate that (1) she

or her counsel had made any genuine effort to procure this evidence and/or (2)

exigent circumstances excused their failure to acquire this evidence in advance of

the merits hearing. The IJ also reasonably concluded that the evidence in question

was not important as it would likely be used to corroborate Petitioner’s testimony

and her credibility was not at issue.

PETITION DENIED.2

2 This Court does not address arguments presented in the parties’ briefs that the BIA declined to consider because it did not need to do so. See INS v. Bagamasbad, 429 U.S. 24, 25 (1976).