NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited . R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-1127-16T4
ERIC E. BELL,
Appellant,
v.
BOARD OF REVIEW and LABOR READY NORTHEAST, INC.,
Respondents.
Argued March 4, 2019 – Decided March 28, 2019
Before Judges Messano and Rose.
On appeal from the Board of Review, Department of Labor, Docket No. 083,360.
Sarah Shaver Hymowitz argued the cause for appellant (Legal Services of New Jersey, attorneys; Sarah Shaver Hymowitz and Melville D. Miller, on the briefs).
Andy Jong, Deputy Attorney General, argued the cause for respondent Board of Review (Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney; Melissa Dutton Schaffer, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel; Andy Jong, on the brief). Respondent Labor Ready Northeast, Inc., has not filed a brief.
PER CURIAM
Claimant Eric E. Bell appeals from a January 2, 2018 final decision of the
Board of Review, upholding dismissal of his appeal as untimely without
demonstrating good cause. The Board thereby determined claimant was
responsible for repayment of $3770 in unemployment benefits. Based on our
review of the limited facts and tortured procedural history, we reverse and
remand for a hearing on the merits.
From August 2010 to March 2014, claimant worked as a general laborer
for Labor Ready Northeast, Inc. at its Elizabeth office. Labor Ready is a
temporary agency that places workers in daily jobs. Claimant lived
approximately four blocks from the Elizabeth location, and walked to work.
Because jobs were assigned on a first-come, first-served basis, claimant
typically arrived at 5:00 a.m.
Labor Ready closed its Elizabeth location in March 2014. Thereafter,
claimant relied on public transportation to commute to Labor Ready's Newark
office. Claimant commuted approximately forty-five minutes by bus followed
by a fifteen-minute walk to the Newark office. Because the first bus departed
from Elizabeth to Newark at 4:45 a.m., claimant arrived at the office between
A-1127-16T4 2 5:35 a.m. and 6:00 a.m., when most jobs already had been assigned. It is unclear
from the record how long claimant sought work from Labor Ready's Newark
location.
Following his application on July 27, 2014, claimant was provided
unemployment benefits from August 2014 through January 2015, when he
exhausted his maximum benefit amount. According to the Board, "claimant
indicated that he was laid off when he initially filed his claim." Claimant's
application is not contained in the record on appeal.
On August 5, 2014, the Unemployment Division notified Labor Ready of
claimant's benefit determination and requested separation information
(Division's notice and request). By correspondence dated August 12, 2014,
TALX UCM Services, Inc., as the authorized agent of Labor Ready, responded
by "request[ing] relief of benefit charges and/or a determination on . . .
claimant's eligibility" (protest letter). In particular, the protest letter stated that
"claimant [wa]s considered to have voluntarily quit after failing to maintain
contact with the employer for further assignment as required by company
policies, after an assignment had been completed." Apparently neither the
Unemployment Division nor claimant received the protest letter.
A-1127-16T4 3 By correspondence dated March 19, 2015, TALX notified the Division it
had not received a "determination/decision" in response to its protest letter. Two
months later, the Division entered a "remark" in its computer database that
claimant "quit after failing to maintain contact" with his employer.
In June 2015, the Division requested that claimant complete its "Statement
for Issue Clarification" form, noting "an unresolved issue . . . must be resolved
before any benefits can be paid for the period [claimant] was employed."
Claimant did not respond to the Division's request.
On July 10, 2015, the Division notified claimant he was disqualified for
the benefits he had received because he "quit [his] job without good cause"
(redetermination). Claimant did not appeal the redetermination within the time
prescribed by N.J.S.A. 43:21-6(b)(1).1
In January 2016, claimant suffered a heart attack while employed with
Parade Enterprises, LLC/Burger King, and was terminated from that
1 N.J.S.A. 43:21-6(b)(1) provides in pertinent part:
Unless the claimant . . . within seven calendar days after delivery of notification of an initial determination or within 10 calendar days after such notification was mailed to his . . . last-known address and addresses, files an appeal from such decision, such decision shall be final and benefits shall be paid or denied in accordance therewith[.] A-1127-16T4 4 employment the following week. Claimant then applied for unemployment
benefits. Although claimant ultimately qualified for benefits for that claim, his
benefits were withheld pending receipt of a refund for benefits received for his
Labor Ready claim.
On March 1, 2016, claimant appealed the Division's redetermination, but
did not appear at the ensuing hearing and, as such, an appeal tribunal dismissed
his appeal. Thereafter, claimant's request that the appeal tribunal reopen the
hearing was denied. On June 10, 2016, the Board "set aside, reopened, and
remanded to the [a]ppeal [t]ribunal for a hearing and a decision on all issues."
On July 6, 2016, a hearing was conducted before an appeal tribunal, at
which only the claimant and claimant's attorney appeared. At the conclusion of
his testimony, claimant argued he was not afforded an opportunity to be heard
regarding the Division's redetermination of his benefits, which he contended was
improperly based on late information provided by Labor Ready. In particular,
claimant did not receive the redetermination until one year after his claim had
been approved. Claimant said by that time he was reemployed and, as such, did
not need unemployment benefits. Finally, claimant argued Labor Ready's
protest letter should have been treated as an appeal and denied as late.
A-1127-16T4 5 The following day, the appeal tribunal dismissed claimant's appeal as
untimely under N.J.S.A. 43:21-6(b)(1), and for failure to establish good cause
for the late filing. On August 16, 2016, the Board dismissed claimant's appeal
from the appeal tribunal's July 7, 2016 decision because it was not timely filed. 2
In the meantime, claimant filed an OPRA 3 request for disclosure of the
Division's records pertaining to his matter. Although referenced in its computer
record, the Division was unable to produce Labor Ready's protest letter until
September 2017. Nonetheless, claimant's request to reopen the matter initially
was denied by the Board. However, following claimant's appeal to our court,
we granted the Board's motion for a temporary remand to conduct a fact -finding
hearing regarding the timeliness of Labor Ready's protest letter and the reason
that "prompted the redetermination."
On October 11, 2017, a "limited" hearing was conducted before the appeal
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited . R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-1127-16T4
ERIC E. BELL,
Appellant,
v.
BOARD OF REVIEW and LABOR READY NORTHEAST, INC.,
Respondents.
Argued March 4, 2019 – Decided March 28, 2019
Before Judges Messano and Rose.
On appeal from the Board of Review, Department of Labor, Docket No. 083,360.
Sarah Shaver Hymowitz argued the cause for appellant (Legal Services of New Jersey, attorneys; Sarah Shaver Hymowitz and Melville D. Miller, on the briefs).
Andy Jong, Deputy Attorney General, argued the cause for respondent Board of Review (Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney; Melissa Dutton Schaffer, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel; Andy Jong, on the brief). Respondent Labor Ready Northeast, Inc., has not filed a brief.
PER CURIAM
Claimant Eric E. Bell appeals from a January 2, 2018 final decision of the
Board of Review, upholding dismissal of his appeal as untimely without
demonstrating good cause. The Board thereby determined claimant was
responsible for repayment of $3770 in unemployment benefits. Based on our
review of the limited facts and tortured procedural history, we reverse and
remand for a hearing on the merits.
From August 2010 to March 2014, claimant worked as a general laborer
for Labor Ready Northeast, Inc. at its Elizabeth office. Labor Ready is a
temporary agency that places workers in daily jobs. Claimant lived
approximately four blocks from the Elizabeth location, and walked to work.
Because jobs were assigned on a first-come, first-served basis, claimant
typically arrived at 5:00 a.m.
Labor Ready closed its Elizabeth location in March 2014. Thereafter,
claimant relied on public transportation to commute to Labor Ready's Newark
office. Claimant commuted approximately forty-five minutes by bus followed
by a fifteen-minute walk to the Newark office. Because the first bus departed
from Elizabeth to Newark at 4:45 a.m., claimant arrived at the office between
A-1127-16T4 2 5:35 a.m. and 6:00 a.m., when most jobs already had been assigned. It is unclear
from the record how long claimant sought work from Labor Ready's Newark
location.
Following his application on July 27, 2014, claimant was provided
unemployment benefits from August 2014 through January 2015, when he
exhausted his maximum benefit amount. According to the Board, "claimant
indicated that he was laid off when he initially filed his claim." Claimant's
application is not contained in the record on appeal.
On August 5, 2014, the Unemployment Division notified Labor Ready of
claimant's benefit determination and requested separation information
(Division's notice and request). By correspondence dated August 12, 2014,
TALX UCM Services, Inc., as the authorized agent of Labor Ready, responded
by "request[ing] relief of benefit charges and/or a determination on . . .
claimant's eligibility" (protest letter). In particular, the protest letter stated that
"claimant [wa]s considered to have voluntarily quit after failing to maintain
contact with the employer for further assignment as required by company
policies, after an assignment had been completed." Apparently neither the
Unemployment Division nor claimant received the protest letter.
A-1127-16T4 3 By correspondence dated March 19, 2015, TALX notified the Division it
had not received a "determination/decision" in response to its protest letter. Two
months later, the Division entered a "remark" in its computer database that
claimant "quit after failing to maintain contact" with his employer.
In June 2015, the Division requested that claimant complete its "Statement
for Issue Clarification" form, noting "an unresolved issue . . . must be resolved
before any benefits can be paid for the period [claimant] was employed."
Claimant did not respond to the Division's request.
On July 10, 2015, the Division notified claimant he was disqualified for
the benefits he had received because he "quit [his] job without good cause"
(redetermination). Claimant did not appeal the redetermination within the time
prescribed by N.J.S.A. 43:21-6(b)(1).1
In January 2016, claimant suffered a heart attack while employed with
Parade Enterprises, LLC/Burger King, and was terminated from that
1 N.J.S.A. 43:21-6(b)(1) provides in pertinent part:
Unless the claimant . . . within seven calendar days after delivery of notification of an initial determination or within 10 calendar days after such notification was mailed to his . . . last-known address and addresses, files an appeal from such decision, such decision shall be final and benefits shall be paid or denied in accordance therewith[.] A-1127-16T4 4 employment the following week. Claimant then applied for unemployment
benefits. Although claimant ultimately qualified for benefits for that claim, his
benefits were withheld pending receipt of a refund for benefits received for his
Labor Ready claim.
On March 1, 2016, claimant appealed the Division's redetermination, but
did not appear at the ensuing hearing and, as such, an appeal tribunal dismissed
his appeal. Thereafter, claimant's request that the appeal tribunal reopen the
hearing was denied. On June 10, 2016, the Board "set aside, reopened, and
remanded to the [a]ppeal [t]ribunal for a hearing and a decision on all issues."
On July 6, 2016, a hearing was conducted before an appeal tribunal, at
which only the claimant and claimant's attorney appeared. At the conclusion of
his testimony, claimant argued he was not afforded an opportunity to be heard
regarding the Division's redetermination of his benefits, which he contended was
improperly based on late information provided by Labor Ready. In particular,
claimant did not receive the redetermination until one year after his claim had
been approved. Claimant said by that time he was reemployed and, as such, did
not need unemployment benefits. Finally, claimant argued Labor Ready's
protest letter should have been treated as an appeal and denied as late.
A-1127-16T4 5 The following day, the appeal tribunal dismissed claimant's appeal as
untimely under N.J.S.A. 43:21-6(b)(1), and for failure to establish good cause
for the late filing. On August 16, 2016, the Board dismissed claimant's appeal
from the appeal tribunal's July 7, 2016 decision because it was not timely filed. 2
In the meantime, claimant filed an OPRA 3 request for disclosure of the
Division's records pertaining to his matter. Although referenced in its computer
record, the Division was unable to produce Labor Ready's protest letter until
September 2017. Nonetheless, claimant's request to reopen the matter initially
was denied by the Board. However, following claimant's appeal to our court,
we granted the Board's motion for a temporary remand to conduct a fact -finding
hearing regarding the timeliness of Labor Ready's protest letter and the reason
that "prompted the redetermination."
On October 11, 2017, a "limited" hearing was conducted before the appeal
tribunal.4 Claimant, his counsel and a Division representative appeared at the
hearing. No one appeared on behalf of Labor Ready. The appeal tribunal again
2 See N.J.S.A. 43.21-6(c) (requiring an appeal to the Board to be filed within twenty days of the date of mailing of the appeal tribunal's decision). 3 Open Public Records Act, N.J.S.A. 47:1A-1 to -13. 4 The hearing was held before the same hearing officer who had conducted the July 6, 2016 hearing. A-1127-16T4 6 denied claimant's appeal as untimely and without good cause for the late filing.
In its January 2, 2018 final decision, the Board affirmed the appeal tribunal's
decision but supplemented its findings of fact. In particular, the Board
determined:
[T]he employer's [protest letter] was not an appeal, it was the response to a request for separation information that is standardly sent to employers with the [Division's] monetary determination. . . .
Therefore, there is no issue of a late appeal by the employer.
While the timeliness of the employer's response to the [Division's notice and request] is academic, it is unknown why th[e protest letter] was not addressed at that time by the Division. However, [the Board is] satisfied both that the employer did respond to the request for information within the time limitation and that it is academic because no determination was issued to the employer until July 9, 2015.
This appeal followed.
It is well-settled that the purpose of our unemployment law is to provide
financial assistance to those unemployed. See Utley v. Bd. of Review, 194 N.J.
534, 543 (2008). However, an individual shall not receive unemployment
compensation benefits "[f]or the week in which the individual has left work
voluntarily without good cause attributable to such work, and for each week
thereafter until the individual becomes reemployed . . . ." N.J.S.A. 43:21 -5(a).
A-1127-16T4 7 Pursuant to N.J.A.C. 12:17-9.1(b), "'good cause attributable to such work' means
a reason related directly to the individual's employment, which was so
compelling as to give the individual no choice but to leave the employment."
Despite the rigid language of the deadlines set forth in N.J.S.A. 43:21 -
6(b)(1), our case law provides for exceptions to the filing requirement in cases
where a claimant can demonstrate good cause. See Rivera v. Bd. of Review,
127 N.J. 578, 589-90 (1992); Garzon v. Bd. of Review, 370 N.J. Super. 1, 5
(App. Div. 2004). We allow such exceptions when the requirements of due
process so demand. See Rivera, 127 N.J. at 590.
Specifically, the Board has promulgated regulations governing the review
of appeals filed late, and provides that late appeals may be considered when a
delay in filing is caused by circumstances outside the applicant's control, or if
the delay occurred because of circumstances that could not have been reasonably
foreseen or prevented. N.J.A.C. 12:20-4.1(h). These exceptions recognize the
need for the Board to be flexible in light of due process requirements. Garzon,
370 N.J. Super. at 7 n.4.
In the present matter, claimant challenges the Board's reliance on Labor
Ready's protest letter, maintaining the Board should have considered that letter
as an appeal, and dismissed it as untimely. The Board counters "there was no
A-1127-16T4 8 determination for the employer to appeal" until the Division issued its
redetermination in July 2015. Claimant further argues the Board impermissibly
based its redetermination "exclusively on a one-sentence unsworn statement" in
the protest letter, and the Division's acceptance of that letter violated the
statutory and regulatory scheme, and his due process rights. In sum, he contends
he properly received unemployment benefits, in the first instance, following
closure of Labor Ready's Elizabeth office. 5
As noted, we remanded this matter, at the Board's request, for a fact-
finding hearing to determine, in part, "what prompted the redetermination."
Inexplicably, however, a representative on behalf of Labor Ready did not testify
at the remand hearing. Rather, the Board relied on a terse statement contained
in the unsworn protest letter, purportedly sent to the Division in August 2014 by
Labor Ready's agent, and a resulting entry in the agency's computer database.
As the Board acknowledged, however, the Division failed to "follow up with the
parties" regarding the reason claimant left his employment with Labor Ready.
In these particular circumstances, the Division's acceptance of an ex parte
5 See N.J.S.A. 43:21-5(c)(2) (recognizing, under certain circumstances, an employee "shall not be denied" benefits "for refusing to accept new work" where the "hours, or other conditions of the work offered are substantially less favorable to the individual than those prevailing for similar work in the locality"). See also N.J.A.C. 12:17-11.2(b)(2) and -11.5(a)(3). A-1127-16T4 9 objection from TALX, after claimant exhausted his benefits, raises due process
concerns. Claimant's lack of a timely appeal should not serve to reward the
employer, who appears to have prevailed without formally appealing at all.
We therefore conclude that although claimant did not provide sufficient
evidence of good cause for his delayed appeal, the Board's concession that the
Division failed to address the discrepancy in claimant's separation dictates a
remand for a full fact-finding hearing prior to any requirement that he repay
benefits. While we take no position on the outcome of the hearing, we
acknowledge, as do the parties, that there exist genuine issues of fact concerning
the reasons why claimant left his employment at Labor Ready. In light of our
decision, we decline to address claimant's global argument that the Division's
oversight in this matter is indicative of a pervasive practice regarding its
acceptance and consideration of employers' protest letters in all cases.
Reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.
A-1127-16T4 10