C STATE OF MAINE CUMBERLAND, ss. ~U~ORCOURT .~\fdVIL ACTION / ~,-, ~~pocket N-? CV-07--599 {P",.~ ! ' (,. .' ~v r 1/
Q~ LINDA ENGLAND, .;f Plaintiff,
v. ORDER
CRAIG CANTARA, et al.,
Defendants. RECE\VED
Before the court is defendants' motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, to stay
this case and compel arbitration. The issue in this case is whether the agreements to
arbitrate that were signed by plaintiff Linda England cover the claims raised in this case
and whether defendant Craig Cantara is entitled to enforce the agreements to arbitrate.
If an agreement to arbitrate applies, the applicable statute provides that the court
shall stay the case to await arbitration, 14 M.R.S. § 5928(4), so the court need not further
consider defendants' suggestion that the case should instead be dismissed.
England's complaint complains that she received investment advisory and
financial planning services from Cantara (doing business as Pinnacle Investments) from
1995 to 2006, that Cantara committed professional negligence by failing to exercise the
degree of care required of members of the financial planning profession, that Cantara
breached the terms of his contract with England to provide competent financial
planning services, that Cantara breached a fiduciary duty that existed between him and
England, and that Cantara's actions constituted a violation of the Unfair Trade Practices
Act.
The basis of Cantara's argument that these claims are subject to arbitration are
three documents with arbitration clauses. The first is a new brokerage account application with Nathan & Lewis Securities Inc. (NLS), signed by England and dated
February 23, 1995. Cantara is not listed or identified as a party to that document, but he
signed the document as a registered representative of NLS on a signature line under the
words
Registered Representative Review I have reviewed the account for completeness/ accuracy / suitability / disclosures
The 1995 document (Exhibit B to Cantara's motion) contains a clause stating that
it is agreed that "any controversy between the parties arising out of your business or
this agreement" shall be submitted to arbitration under the rules of the New York Stock
Exchange or any other securities exchange on which a transaction giving rise to a claim
took place. The arbitration provision expressly discloses that there are differences
between arbitration and court proceedings and that the parties "are waiving their right
to a jury trial." In addition, immediately above England's signature on this document
appears the statement
I understand that this agreement contains the above pre-dispute arbitration clause.
The second document relied upon by Cantara is an updated new brokerage
account form dated March 14, 2000 (Exhibit C to Cantara's motion). In all pertinent
respects with respect to arbitration, the text of this document is identical to the text of
the 1995 new account form. In this instance Cantara has signed the agreement both on
the signature line for" registered representative review" and on the signature line below
for "Branch Office Manager Review." In addition, the back page of the 2000 document
contains a disclosure statement which discusses the services to be provided to England
by NLS and Cantara.
2 The final document relied upon by Cantara is a Client Services Agreement
entered into on September 4, 2002 by England, NLS, and Cantara (Exhibit D to Cantara
motion). Cantara is expressly made a party to the agreement, which also outlines
investment management and advisory services to be performed. Sections 8(c)-(e) of the
2002 agreement contain arbitration provisions specifying that "any dispute involving
client relating to this agreement that cannot be settled shall be taken to arbitration."
Like the new account forms previously mentioned, the 2002 agreement states, inter alia,
that arbitration is final and binding and that the parties waive their right to seek judicial
remedies, including a jury trial. In addition, above the signature lines there IS a
boldface statement that the agreement contains pre-dispute arbitration provisions.]
Discussion
England's response to Cantara's motion to compel arbitration is two-fold. She
points out that although Cantara signed the 1995 and 2000 agreements, he was not
nominally a party to those agreements. She concedes he was a party to the 2002
agreement and that that agreement remained in effect until 2006 (with Mutual Services
Inc. simply substituted for NLS in 2003) but contends that the 2002 agreement should
not be interpreted to require arbitration of her claims in this action.
On the issue of whether persons who are not formal parties but who are agents
or employees of parties can enforce arbitration agreements, federal circuit courts have
split. As far as the court can tell, the Second, Third, Sixth and Eighth Circuits have
1 There is an additional document, dated July 3, 2003, in which Mutual Services Corporation is substituted for NLS as England's Advisor (Exhibit D to Cantara's motion). Cantara is listed as both the "account representative" and the "new representative" in the July 2003 agreement, which states that the client and New Advisor "wish to enter into the New Agreement on terms identical to those set forth in the Old Agreement" with Mutual Services substituted for NLS. Cantara's affidavit indicates that this resulted from a change in his employment when Mutual Services Corp. became his new employer, replacing NLS. Cantara Aft. err 17.
3 ruled that agents or employees of entities entitled to enforce arbitration agreements can
also invoke arbitration. E.g., Pritzker v. Merrill Lynch Pierce Ferrer & Smith Inc., 7 F.3d
1110, 1121-22 (3d Cir. 1993); Roby v. Corporation of Lloyds, 996 F.2d 1353, 1360 (2d Cir.
1993);2 Arnold v. Arnold Corp., 920 F.2d 1269, 1281-82 (6 th Cir. 1990); Nesslage v. York
Securities Inc., 823 F.2d 231, 233-34 (8 th Cir. 1987). The First and Fifth Circuits have
disagreed. Westmoreland v. Sadoux, 299 F.3d 462, 466 (5 th Cir. 2002); McCarthy v. Azure,
22 F.3d 351 (lst Cir. 1994). The Ninth Circuit appears to allow agents of parties to invoke
arbitration under some circumstances but only if the alleged wrongdoing arose out of
the provisions of the contract containing an arbitration clause. Britton v. Co-Op Banking
Group, 4 F.3d 742, 748 (9 th Cir. 1993); Letizia v. Prudential Bache Securities Inc., 802 F.2d
1185, 1187 (9 th Cir. 1986).
The court will follow the majority of Federal circuits and conclude that if the 1995
and 2000 agreements require arbitration of the claims raised by England in this action
and those claims arise out of the agreements in question, Cantara is entitled to invoke
the arbitration provision.
The remaining question is whether in fact the arbitration provisions in the 1995
and 2000 agreements - and the 2002 agreement as to which it is acknowledged that
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
C STATE OF MAINE CUMBERLAND, ss. ~U~ORCOURT .~\fdVIL ACTION / ~,-, ~~pocket N-? CV-07--599 {P",.~ ! ' (,. .' ~v r 1/
Q~ LINDA ENGLAND, .;f Plaintiff,
v. ORDER
CRAIG CANTARA, et al.,
Defendants. RECE\VED
Before the court is defendants' motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, to stay
this case and compel arbitration. The issue in this case is whether the agreements to
arbitrate that were signed by plaintiff Linda England cover the claims raised in this case
and whether defendant Craig Cantara is entitled to enforce the agreements to arbitrate.
If an agreement to arbitrate applies, the applicable statute provides that the court
shall stay the case to await arbitration, 14 M.R.S. § 5928(4), so the court need not further
consider defendants' suggestion that the case should instead be dismissed.
England's complaint complains that she received investment advisory and
financial planning services from Cantara (doing business as Pinnacle Investments) from
1995 to 2006, that Cantara committed professional negligence by failing to exercise the
degree of care required of members of the financial planning profession, that Cantara
breached the terms of his contract with England to provide competent financial
planning services, that Cantara breached a fiduciary duty that existed between him and
England, and that Cantara's actions constituted a violation of the Unfair Trade Practices
Act.
The basis of Cantara's argument that these claims are subject to arbitration are
three documents with arbitration clauses. The first is a new brokerage account application with Nathan & Lewis Securities Inc. (NLS), signed by England and dated
February 23, 1995. Cantara is not listed or identified as a party to that document, but he
signed the document as a registered representative of NLS on a signature line under the
words
Registered Representative Review I have reviewed the account for completeness/ accuracy / suitability / disclosures
The 1995 document (Exhibit B to Cantara's motion) contains a clause stating that
it is agreed that "any controversy between the parties arising out of your business or
this agreement" shall be submitted to arbitration under the rules of the New York Stock
Exchange or any other securities exchange on which a transaction giving rise to a claim
took place. The arbitration provision expressly discloses that there are differences
between arbitration and court proceedings and that the parties "are waiving their right
to a jury trial." In addition, immediately above England's signature on this document
appears the statement
I understand that this agreement contains the above pre-dispute arbitration clause.
The second document relied upon by Cantara is an updated new brokerage
account form dated March 14, 2000 (Exhibit C to Cantara's motion). In all pertinent
respects with respect to arbitration, the text of this document is identical to the text of
the 1995 new account form. In this instance Cantara has signed the agreement both on
the signature line for" registered representative review" and on the signature line below
for "Branch Office Manager Review." In addition, the back page of the 2000 document
contains a disclosure statement which discusses the services to be provided to England
by NLS and Cantara.
2 The final document relied upon by Cantara is a Client Services Agreement
entered into on September 4, 2002 by England, NLS, and Cantara (Exhibit D to Cantara
motion). Cantara is expressly made a party to the agreement, which also outlines
investment management and advisory services to be performed. Sections 8(c)-(e) of the
2002 agreement contain arbitration provisions specifying that "any dispute involving
client relating to this agreement that cannot be settled shall be taken to arbitration."
Like the new account forms previously mentioned, the 2002 agreement states, inter alia,
that arbitration is final and binding and that the parties waive their right to seek judicial
remedies, including a jury trial. In addition, above the signature lines there IS a
boldface statement that the agreement contains pre-dispute arbitration provisions.]
Discussion
England's response to Cantara's motion to compel arbitration is two-fold. She
points out that although Cantara signed the 1995 and 2000 agreements, he was not
nominally a party to those agreements. She concedes he was a party to the 2002
agreement and that that agreement remained in effect until 2006 (with Mutual Services
Inc. simply substituted for NLS in 2003) but contends that the 2002 agreement should
not be interpreted to require arbitration of her claims in this action.
On the issue of whether persons who are not formal parties but who are agents
or employees of parties can enforce arbitration agreements, federal circuit courts have
split. As far as the court can tell, the Second, Third, Sixth and Eighth Circuits have
1 There is an additional document, dated July 3, 2003, in which Mutual Services Corporation is substituted for NLS as England's Advisor (Exhibit D to Cantara's motion). Cantara is listed as both the "account representative" and the "new representative" in the July 2003 agreement, which states that the client and New Advisor "wish to enter into the New Agreement on terms identical to those set forth in the Old Agreement" with Mutual Services substituted for NLS. Cantara's affidavit indicates that this resulted from a change in his employment when Mutual Services Corp. became his new employer, replacing NLS. Cantara Aft. err 17.
3 ruled that agents or employees of entities entitled to enforce arbitration agreements can
also invoke arbitration. E.g., Pritzker v. Merrill Lynch Pierce Ferrer & Smith Inc., 7 F.3d
1110, 1121-22 (3d Cir. 1993); Roby v. Corporation of Lloyds, 996 F.2d 1353, 1360 (2d Cir.
1993);2 Arnold v. Arnold Corp., 920 F.2d 1269, 1281-82 (6 th Cir. 1990); Nesslage v. York
Securities Inc., 823 F.2d 231, 233-34 (8 th Cir. 1987). The First and Fifth Circuits have
disagreed. Westmoreland v. Sadoux, 299 F.3d 462, 466 (5 th Cir. 2002); McCarthy v. Azure,
22 F.3d 351 (lst Cir. 1994). The Ninth Circuit appears to allow agents of parties to invoke
arbitration under some circumstances but only if the alleged wrongdoing arose out of
the provisions of the contract containing an arbitration clause. Britton v. Co-Op Banking
Group, 4 F.3d 742, 748 (9 th Cir. 1993); Letizia v. Prudential Bache Securities Inc., 802 F.2d
1185, 1187 (9 th Cir. 1986).
The court will follow the majority of Federal circuits and conclude that if the 1995
and 2000 agreements require arbitration of the claims raised by England in this action
and those claims arise out of the agreements in question, Cantara is entitled to invoke
the arbitration provision.
The remaining question is whether in fact the arbitration provisions in the 1995
and 2000 agreements - and the 2002 agreement as to which it is acknowledged that
Cantara was a party - cover the claims presented here. Unless England can be found to
have agreed to arbitrate these claims, she should not be relegated to arbitration.
From England's complaint, the court understands that she is alleging the
following: that from the time Cantara began giving England advice in 1995 he followed
an aggressive investment strategy (complaint
retirement and taking a home equity loan in 2000-01 (
2 On another issue - whether an ambiguous arbitration agreement should be construed in favor of arbitration - the Law Court has declined to follow Roby. See Barrett v. McDonald Investments Inc., 2005 ME 43
4 following an overly aggressive and unreasonable invesbnent strategy (<]I 19), that the
value of her portfolio fell from $300,000 at the end of 2000 to $92,795 by the end of 2005
(<]I 21), and that during the course of his services he failed to disclose that he would
benefit from her invesbnents in the form of commissions, referral fees and the like (<]I
24).
In determining whether disputes are arbitrable, the Law Court has ruled that
ambiguities in an arbitration agreement should be construed against the drafter of the
agreement in cases where one party had little or no bargaining power. Barrett v.
McDonald Investments Inc., 2005 ME 43 <]I<]I 17-18, 22, 820 A.2d at ISO-51, 152. In this case,
that principle leads to the conclusion that since the arbitration provision in the 1995
agreement is ambiguous, it does not cover England's claims here. However, the 2000
and 2002 agreements are sufficiently unambiguous so England's claims against Cantara
from the date of the 2000 agreement onward are arbitrable.
Specifically, the 1995 agreement specifies arbitration of controversies arising out
of "your business or this agreement" and also refers to any securities transaction giving
rise to a claim but nowhere indicates whether the relationship between England and
Cantara is merely that between an investor and a broker or whether it includes financial
planning and invesbnent advice. England's claims here concern allegedly incompetent
financial planning, and it is not clear that the 1995 agreement covers such claims.
Under Barrett those claims are not subject to mandatory arbitration.
In the 2000 New Account Form, in contrast, the arbitration agreement likewise
applies to controversies arising out of "your business or this agreement," but the back
page of the forum clearly indicates that invesbnent advisory services and financial
planning are included within the services to be provided. See Disclosure Statement,
Section II ("Services offered by your Registered Representative"), Paragraph E:
5 Your Representative is licensed to sell securities and/or insurance products on a commission basis. However, in order to effect proper due diligence and suitability in determining whether or not such product sales are warranted, he may provide certain "Financial Planning" related services incidental to his role as your financial services professional. Such services typically involve advising you and your family regarding the management of your financial resources based on an analysis of your needs. He may review your present and anticipated assets and liabilities, including insurance, savings, investments, as well as your anticipated retirement or other employee benefits. All recommendations, which are implemented in the form of securities or insurance purchases, will cause him to be compensated on a commission basis.
(emphasis added). From the date of the 2000 agreement, the alleged failure to properly
provide England with investment advice is a controversy arising out of (1) England's
business with NLS and/or (2) the 2000 agreement. From March 14, 2000 onward
therefore, England's claims are subject to mandatory arbitration.
The 2002 agreement even more clearly specifies that it involves investment
advisory services to be provided by Cantara and its arbitration clause covers any
dispute "relating to" that agreement. In the Barrett case, the arbitration agreement was
a custody account agreement, but the claims involved alleged negligence and
misrepresentation with respect to the purchase of an annuity. See 2006 ME 43 CJICJI 12, 19,
870 A.2d at 149, 151. In contrast, the claims in this case relate to investment advice that
was expressly contracted for in the 2002 agreement and therefore "relate to" the 2002
agreement within the meaning of the arbitration provision. As a result, Cantara is
entitled to demand arbitration under the 2002 agreement.
Where Cantara is entitled to arbitration of certain but not all of England's claims,
a practical argument can be made that her claims should not be fragmented and that
either (1) England should be permitted to pursue all her claims in court or (2) all her
claims should be relegated to arbitration. However, this does not appear to be the law.
6 See Dean Witter Reynolds Inc. v. Byrd, 470 U.S. 213, 217 (1985). Maine's arbitration statute
states that when issues are severable, a stay should only be granted as those issues
subject to arbitration. 14 M.R.S. § 5928(4). Accordingly, only England's arbitrable
claims are stayed.
The entry shall be:
Defendants' motion for a stay is granted in part and defendants' motion to
compel arbitration is granted as to claims relating to any action or inaction by
defendants beginning on March 14,2000. As to claims relating to defendants' actions or
inaction prior to March 14, 2000, defendants' motion is denied.
The clerk is directed to incorporate this order in the docket by reference pursuant
to Rule 79(a).
DATED: June /b , 2008
Thomas D. Warren Justice, Superior Court
7 =COURTS .nd County ,ox 287 1e 04112-0287
P\~ MICHAEL PO BOX 1~~~IN ESQ PORTLAND ME 04112
)F COURTS land County Box 287 line 04112-0287
ANTHONY 701 SINENI ESQ CONGRESS PORTLAND ME 04102 STREET