Empire Fire & Marine Insurance Co. v. Haddix

927 S.W.2d 843, 1996 Ky. App. LEXIS 131, 1996 WL 475738
CourtCourt of Appeals of Kentucky
DecidedAugust 23, 1996
DocketNo. 93-CA-0773-MR
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 927 S.W.2d 843 (Empire Fire & Marine Insurance Co. v. Haddix) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kentucky primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Empire Fire & Marine Insurance Co. v. Haddix, 927 S.W.2d 843, 1996 Ky. App. LEXIS 131, 1996 WL 475738 (Ky. Ct. App. 1996).

Opinion

OPINION

WILHOIT, Chief Judge.

Empire Fire and Marine Insurance Company appeals from a summary judgment which determined that it had the primary duty to defend and indemnify the appellee, Everett Haddix, for losses resulting from an automobile accident. Empire was also adjudged primarily liable for basic reparation benefits to the persons occupying the car driven by Mr. Haddix; however, it does not contest this provision of the summary judgment. See Rees v. United States Fidelity & Guar. Co., Ky.App., 715 S.W.2d 904, 905 (1986); KRS 304.39-050(1).

Mr. Haddix was driving a temporary substitute vehicle supplied by Empire’s insured, Hays Chevroleb-Buiek, Inc., when he was involved in a single car accident. The two [845]*845persons Haddix was transporting at the time of the accident filed suit against him and Hays Chevrolei>-Buick. Haddix cross-claimed against Hays Chevrolet-Buick, seeking damages for injuries he allegedly sustained in the accident.

Haddix filed a third-party complaint against Empire seeking a judgment declaring that Empire was primarily liable to provide him a defense and indemnify him for any damages resulting from the suit and that it was primarily liable for basic reparation benefits. The circuit court granted the relief sought by the third-party complaint in a summary judgment made final pursuant to CR 54.02, and Empire appealed to this court.

Haddix’s automobile insurance policy contained the following clause:

Other Insurance: If there is other applicable liability insurance we will pay only our share of the loss. Our share is the proportion that our limit of liability bears to the total of all applicable limits. However, any insurance we provide for a vehicle you do not own shall be excess over any other collectible insurance.

Empire provided the insurance to U-Save Auto Rental of America, Inc., which was owned and operated by Hays Chevrolet-Buick. The Empire policy contained the following clause:

Who Is An Insured: Anyone else is an “insured” while using with “your” permission a covered “auto” “you” own, hire or borrow except:
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(4) The “rentee” or any driver designated in a “rental agreement.” However, if a “rentee” or such other driver:
(a) Has no other available insurance (whether primary, excess or contingent), he or she is an “insured” but only up to the compulsory or financial responsibility law limits.
(b) Has other available insurance (whether primary, excess or contingent) less than the compulsory or financial responsibility law limits, he or she is an “insured” only for the amount by which the compulsory or financial responsibility law limits exceed the limits of his or her other insurance.
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Other Insurance: For any covered “auto,” the insurance provided by this policy is excess over any other collectible insurance or “self insurance” available to “you,” any “member” or any “insured,” whether such insurance or “self insurance” is primary, excess or contingent.

The Empire policy disclaims liability where there is other applicable insurance, regardless of whether the other available insurance is primary, excess, or contingent. Where two insurance companies are contesting primary liability, and one policy contains a non-standard escape clause while the other contains an excess clause, the escape clause prevails over the excess clause. See Government Employees Ins. Co. v. Globe Indem. Co., Ky., 415 S.W.2d 581, 582 (1967).

Haddix successfully argued to the circuit court that his third-party complaint did not present a contest regarding primary liability between two insurers, but rather a challenge by an individual against an insurance company. Haddix cited Universal Underwriters Ins. Co. v. Veljkovic, Ky.App., 613 S.W.2d 426 (1980), in support of his argument. In Veljkovic, a temporary substitute automobile driven by Ms. Veljkovic collided with another car and wrongful death and personal injury suits were filed against Veljkovic. Veljkovic filed a third-party complaint against her automobile liability insurer, which admitted excess coverage only, and the insurance company which provided the garage policy for the dealer which supplied the temporary substitute vehicle. The dealer’s insurer denied liability based on a non-standard escape clause. The court held that the mandated insurance coverages for automobile dealers found in KRS 190.033 could not be circumvented by an escape clause when the contest is “between an insurance company and a member of the public-” Id., 613 S.W.2d at 428 n. 1.

[846]*846KRS 190.033 provides in pertinent part that

[t]he bond or policy shall provide public liability and property damage coverage for the operation of any vehicle owned or being offered for sale by the dealer or wholesaler when being operated by the owner or seller, his agents, servants, employees, prospective customers, or other persons. The property damage coverage mandated by this section shall be in excess of the property damage coverage under a customer’s or other person’s own coverage for that person’s own negligence. The amount of insurance shall be one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) for bodily injury or death of any one (1) person; three hundred thousand dollars ($300,000) for bodily injury or death in any one (1) accident; and fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) property damage....

In its summary judgment, the circuit court held that Royal-Globe Ins. Cos. v. Safeco Ins. Co. of America, Ky.App., 560 S.W.2d 22 (1977), was inapposite to this case. Royal-Globe issued a garage liability policy to a dealer which provided a temporary substitute vehicle to a Miss Spaulding. Spaulding’s own automobile insurance was issued by Safeco. The Safeco policy contained an excess clause similar to the clause in the Capital policy set out previously in this opinion, and the Royal-Globe policy contained a nonstandard escape clause similar to the provision in the Empire policy in this case. The court held that the non-standard escape clause did not violate the public policy expressed by KRS 190.033 when the contest is between two insurers. The court stated as follows:

Compulsory insurance laws, are intended to protect the public at large who might otherwise suffer from being injured by uninsured motor vehicles. Compulsory insurance laws are not intended to protect other insurance companies.

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Bluebook (online)
927 S.W.2d 843, 1996 Ky. App. LEXIS 131, 1996 WL 475738, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/empire-fire-marine-insurance-co-v-haddix-kyctapp-1996.