MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED Apr 02 2019, 10:18 am Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this CLERK Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals precedent or cited before any court except for the and Tax Court
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Benjamin S. Loheide Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Columbus, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Samantha M. Sumcad Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Eloy Salinas, Jr., April 2, 2019
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Cause No. 18A-CR-2558 v. Appeal from the Bartholomew Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable James D. Worton, Judge Appellee-Plaintiff. Trial Court Cause No. 03D01-1804- F4-1896
Riley, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2558| April 2, 2019 Page 1 of 7 STATEMENT OF THE CASE [1] Appellant-Defendant, Eloy Salinas Jr (Salinas), appeals his sentence following
his guilty plea to unlawful possession of a firearm by a serious violent felon
(SVF), a Level 4 felony, Ind. Code § 35-47-4-5(c).
[2] We affirm.
ISSUE [3] Salinas presents a single issue on appeal, which we restate as: Whether Salinas’
sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and his character.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY [4] On April 6, 2018, while inside a Wal-Mart in Bartholomew County, Indiana, a
loss prevention employee saw Salinas. The loss prevention employee knew
Salinas from previous encounters and knew that Salinas had an active warrant
for his arrest. The loss prevention employee contacted the Columbus Police
Department before Salinas left the store. When the officers arrived, they
approached Salinas and requested to see his identification. While the officers
ran Salinas’ information through dispatch to confirm the warrant, they asked
him to put his hands over his head. The officers saw that Salinas had a knife in
his front pocket, and a black 9 mm handgun tucked in his front pocket. When
the officers asked Salinas if he had a license to carry the firearm, Salinas
indicated that he did not have a permit. After they secured Salinas in
handcuffs, they directed him to the loss prevention office. Upon further
investigation, inside Salinas’ jacket pocket, the officers located $1,768 in cash. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2558| April 2, 2019 Page 2 of 7 Additionally, his wallet contained a folded up $100 bill containing a clear rock
substance, which was later determined to be methamphetamine. At the time
Salinas was taken into custody, he had previously been convicted of Level 5
felony robbery, and he was disqualified from possessing a firearm.
[5] On April 9, 2018, the State filed an Information, charging Salinas with Level 4
felony unlawful possession of a firearm by a SVF, and Level 6 felony possession
of methamphetamine. On August 28, 2018, Salinas pleaded guilty to the Level
4 felony unlawful possession of a firearm by a SVF. Also, pursuant to the plea
agreement, the State dismissed the Level 6 felony possession of
methamphetamine, and a pending petition to revoke probation for the Level 5
felony robbery under a separate Cause. On September 25, 2018, the trial court
conducted a sentencing hearing and sentenced Salinas to a term of ten years in
the Department of Correction (DOC).
[6] Salinas now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION [7] Salinas claims that his ten-year sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of
the offense and his character. Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B) empowers us to
independently review and revise sentences authorized by statute if, after due
consideration, we find the trial court’s decision inappropriate in light of the
nature of the offense and the character of the offender. Reid v. State, 876 N.E.2d
1114, 1116 (Ind. 2007). The “nature of the offense” compares the defendant’s
actions with the required showing to sustain a conviction under the charged
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2558| April 2, 2019 Page 3 of 7 offense, while the “character of the offender” permits a broader consideration of
the defendant’s character. Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1224 (Ind. 2008);
Douglas v. State, 878 N.E.2d 873, 881 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). An appellant bears
the burden of showing that both prongs of the inquiry favor a revision of his
sentence. Childress v. State, 848 N.E.2d 1073, 1080 (Ind. 2006). Whether we
regard a sentence as appropriate at the end of the day turns on our sense of the
culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime, the damage done to
others, and a myriad of other considerations that come to light in a given case.
Cardwell, 895 N.E.2d at 1224. Our court focuses on “the length of the aggregate
sentence and how it is to be served.” Id.
[8] The advisory sentence is the starting point the legislature has selected as an
appropriate sentence for the crime committed. Abbott v. State, 961 N.E.2d 1016,
1019 (Ind. 2012). For his Level 4 felony unlawful possession of a firearm by a
SVF, Salinas faced a sentencing range of two to twelve years, with the advisory
sentence being six years. I.C. § 35-50-2-5.5. Salinas was sentenced to ten years.
[9] We first examine the nature of Salinas’ offense. Salinas argues that “he had the
weapon tucked in the waist of his pants and he had just purchased it prior to his
arrest because of fear for his life.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 9). He also argues that
“there is nothing particularly heinous or egregious about the way the firearm
was possessed.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 9). Salinas had a prior conviction in 2015
for a Level 5 felony robbery, which was the predicate offense for the underlying
SVF charge. Despite his status as a convicted felon and his knowledge that he
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2558| April 2, 2019 Page 4 of 7 was prohibited from possessing firearms, Salinas was carrying a loaded 9mm
handgun in his waistband.
[10] When considering the character of the offender, one relevant fact is the
defendant’s criminal history. Rutherford v. State, 866 N.E.2d 867, 874 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2007). The significance of a criminal history in assessing a defendant’s
character varies based on the gravity, nature, and number of prior offenses in
relation to the current offense. Id. While a record of arrests may not be used as
evidence of criminal history, it can be “relevant to the trial court’s assessment of
the defendant’s character in terms of the risk that he will commit another
crime.” Cotto v. State, 829 N.E.2d 520, 526 (Ind. 2005).
[11] Salinas’ juvenile criminal history involves five prior adjudications between 2009
and 2011 in Kentucky for possession of marijuana, assault with minor injury,
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MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED Apr 02 2019, 10:18 am Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this CLERK Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals precedent or cited before any court except for the and Tax Court
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Benjamin S. Loheide Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Columbus, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Samantha M. Sumcad Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Eloy Salinas, Jr., April 2, 2019
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Cause No. 18A-CR-2558 v. Appeal from the Bartholomew Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable James D. Worton, Judge Appellee-Plaintiff. Trial Court Cause No. 03D01-1804- F4-1896
Riley, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2558| April 2, 2019 Page 1 of 7 STATEMENT OF THE CASE [1] Appellant-Defendant, Eloy Salinas Jr (Salinas), appeals his sentence following
his guilty plea to unlawful possession of a firearm by a serious violent felon
(SVF), a Level 4 felony, Ind. Code § 35-47-4-5(c).
[2] We affirm.
ISSUE [3] Salinas presents a single issue on appeal, which we restate as: Whether Salinas’
sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and his character.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY [4] On April 6, 2018, while inside a Wal-Mart in Bartholomew County, Indiana, a
loss prevention employee saw Salinas. The loss prevention employee knew
Salinas from previous encounters and knew that Salinas had an active warrant
for his arrest. The loss prevention employee contacted the Columbus Police
Department before Salinas left the store. When the officers arrived, they
approached Salinas and requested to see his identification. While the officers
ran Salinas’ information through dispatch to confirm the warrant, they asked
him to put his hands over his head. The officers saw that Salinas had a knife in
his front pocket, and a black 9 mm handgun tucked in his front pocket. When
the officers asked Salinas if he had a license to carry the firearm, Salinas
indicated that he did not have a permit. After they secured Salinas in
handcuffs, they directed him to the loss prevention office. Upon further
investigation, inside Salinas’ jacket pocket, the officers located $1,768 in cash. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2558| April 2, 2019 Page 2 of 7 Additionally, his wallet contained a folded up $100 bill containing a clear rock
substance, which was later determined to be methamphetamine. At the time
Salinas was taken into custody, he had previously been convicted of Level 5
felony robbery, and he was disqualified from possessing a firearm.
[5] On April 9, 2018, the State filed an Information, charging Salinas with Level 4
felony unlawful possession of a firearm by a SVF, and Level 6 felony possession
of methamphetamine. On August 28, 2018, Salinas pleaded guilty to the Level
4 felony unlawful possession of a firearm by a SVF. Also, pursuant to the plea
agreement, the State dismissed the Level 6 felony possession of
methamphetamine, and a pending petition to revoke probation for the Level 5
felony robbery under a separate Cause. On September 25, 2018, the trial court
conducted a sentencing hearing and sentenced Salinas to a term of ten years in
the Department of Correction (DOC).
[6] Salinas now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION [7] Salinas claims that his ten-year sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of
the offense and his character. Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B) empowers us to
independently review and revise sentences authorized by statute if, after due
consideration, we find the trial court’s decision inappropriate in light of the
nature of the offense and the character of the offender. Reid v. State, 876 N.E.2d
1114, 1116 (Ind. 2007). The “nature of the offense” compares the defendant’s
actions with the required showing to sustain a conviction under the charged
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2558| April 2, 2019 Page 3 of 7 offense, while the “character of the offender” permits a broader consideration of
the defendant’s character. Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1224 (Ind. 2008);
Douglas v. State, 878 N.E.2d 873, 881 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). An appellant bears
the burden of showing that both prongs of the inquiry favor a revision of his
sentence. Childress v. State, 848 N.E.2d 1073, 1080 (Ind. 2006). Whether we
regard a sentence as appropriate at the end of the day turns on our sense of the
culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime, the damage done to
others, and a myriad of other considerations that come to light in a given case.
Cardwell, 895 N.E.2d at 1224. Our court focuses on “the length of the aggregate
sentence and how it is to be served.” Id.
[8] The advisory sentence is the starting point the legislature has selected as an
appropriate sentence for the crime committed. Abbott v. State, 961 N.E.2d 1016,
1019 (Ind. 2012). For his Level 4 felony unlawful possession of a firearm by a
SVF, Salinas faced a sentencing range of two to twelve years, with the advisory
sentence being six years. I.C. § 35-50-2-5.5. Salinas was sentenced to ten years.
[9] We first examine the nature of Salinas’ offense. Salinas argues that “he had the
weapon tucked in the waist of his pants and he had just purchased it prior to his
arrest because of fear for his life.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 9). He also argues that
“there is nothing particularly heinous or egregious about the way the firearm
was possessed.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 9). Salinas had a prior conviction in 2015
for a Level 5 felony robbery, which was the predicate offense for the underlying
SVF charge. Despite his status as a convicted felon and his knowledge that he
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2558| April 2, 2019 Page 4 of 7 was prohibited from possessing firearms, Salinas was carrying a loaded 9mm
handgun in his waistband.
[10] When considering the character of the offender, one relevant fact is the
defendant’s criminal history. Rutherford v. State, 866 N.E.2d 867, 874 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2007). The significance of a criminal history in assessing a defendant’s
character varies based on the gravity, nature, and number of prior offenses in
relation to the current offense. Id. While a record of arrests may not be used as
evidence of criminal history, it can be “relevant to the trial court’s assessment of
the defendant’s character in terms of the risk that he will commit another
crime.” Cotto v. State, 829 N.E.2d 520, 526 (Ind. 2005).
[11] Salinas’ juvenile criminal history involves five prior adjudications between 2009
and 2011 in Kentucky for possession of marijuana, assault with minor injury,
public intoxication, domestic violence, and burglary. As an adult, in 2014,
Salinas was charged and convicted in Bartholomew County for Class C
misdemeanor illegal consumption of alcohol. In 2015, he was charged with
Class A misdemeanor conversion, however, the State later dismissed that
charge. In 2015, Salinas was convicted of Level 5 felony robbery. Pursuant to
a guilty plea, Salinas was sentenced to five years in the DOC with one year
suspended to probation. At the time Salinas committed the instant offense, he
was on probation for the Level 5 felony robbery conviction, and was prohibited
from carrying a firearm. Salinas’ violation of probation conditions suggests that
he is not a person who respects either the law or the court’s authority.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2558| April 2, 2019 Page 5 of 7 [12] Salinas’ alcohol and substance abuse also reflects poorly on his character. In
the presentencing investigation report, Salinas admittedly stated that he began
abusing drugs at age fourteen. Salinas indicated that his first choice of daily
drug is marijuana and his second choice is methamphetamine. Salinas added
that in the past, he had also used and experimented with the following drugs:
alcohol, LSD, heroin, cocaine, valium, Ecstasy, and OxyContin. As for
alcohol, Salinas began drinking alcohol at age fourteen and his last reported use
was in 2015.
[13] Salinas claims that the trial court should have recognized his addiction to drugs
as a mitigating factor, and on appeal, he is requesting a reduction of his
sentence because he was aware of his drug problem and had previously
attempted to receive treatment. This court has recognized that a history of
substance abuse may be a mitigating circumstance; however, when a defendant
is aware of the problem but has not taken appropriate steps to treat it, the trial
court can properly reject substance abuse as a mitigating circumstance. Hape v.
State, 903 N.E.2d 977, 1002 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). The facts show that Salinas
had previously received substance abuse treatment during one of the many
times he was imprisoned through the purposeful incarceration program. When
the trial court questioned Salinas about the substance abuse treatment he
received through the purposeful incarceration program, Salinas testified as
follows:
I mean it was a good program, but I got out, I was doing good for a while and think the main thing [that] happened was, I
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2558| April 2, 2019 Page 6 of 7 wasn’t following through with treatment. Like, after I got out of . . . of the program it’s all about . . . if you don’t want help nothing is going to help you, but if you honestly want a change then you can.
(Sent. Tr. p. 28). Despite being offered drug treatment through the purposeful
incarceration program, Salinas failed to follow through with his treatment and
he returned to his former drug habits and only stopped after he was incarcerated
for his current offense.
[14] In light of the foregoing, we decline to find that Salinas’ ten-year sentence is
inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and his character.
CONCLUSION [15] In sum, we conclude that Salinas’ sentence is not inappropriate in light of the
nature of the offense and his character.
[16] Affirmed.
[17] Bailey, J. and Pyle, J. concur
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2558| April 2, 2019 Page 7 of 7