Elliott v. Rogers

775 So. 2d 1285, 2000 WL 1697092
CourtCourt of Appeals of Mississippi
DecidedNovember 14, 2000
Docket98-CA-00753-COA, 1998-CA-01674
StatusPublished
Cited by20 cases

This text of 775 So. 2d 1285 (Elliott v. Rogers) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Mississippi primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Elliott v. Rogers, 775 So. 2d 1285, 2000 WL 1697092 (Mich. Ct. App. 2000).

Opinion

775 So.2d 1285 (2000)

W. Mac ELLIOTT, Appellant,
v.
Martha Janelle ROGERS, Appellee.

Nos. 98-CA-00753-COA, 1998-CA-01674.

Court of Appeals of Mississippi.

November 14, 2000.
Certiorari Denied, January 25, 2001.

*1286 Frank T. Moore Jr., Jackson, Attorney for Appellant.

Vaughn Davis Jr., Jackson, Attorney for Appellee.

En Banc.

MODIFIED OPINION

ON MOTION FOR REHEARING

SOUTHWICK, P.J., for the Court[1]:

¶ 1. In 1994, W. Mac Elliott and Martha Janelle Rogers were granted a divorce based on irreconcilable differences. A detailed property settlement agreement provided in part that Elliott would pay Rogers $4,000 per month for 120 months as alimony. In 1996, Elliott filed a motion to reduce or terminate the alimony. At the same time, Elliott, without court order, stopped his monthly alimony payments. Rogers filed a motion for citation of contempt. The chancellor denied the motion to modify and later found Elliott to be in contempt. We affirm.

*1287 FACTS

¶ 2. Elliott and Rogers were married on June 7, 1985, and lived together until the fall of 1994. They had no children. In early 1994 the parties decided to seek a divorce on the grounds of irreconcilable differences. They negotiated a property settlement agreement and filed a joint complaint for divorce. This divorce was granted and made final on November 4, 1994.

¶ 3. The property settlement agreement reflected a deliberate and thorough division of marital assets. Included was a provision for Elliott to pay Rogers alimony in the amount of $4,000 per month for 120 months. Rogers income for the immediately preceding year had been $93,000 while her husband had earned about $266,000.

¶ 4. There is evidence that Rogers stated in or before August 1994 during alimony discussions that her 1994 income would be about the same as in 1993. To the contrary, in the two years following the divorce, Rogers's adjusted gross income increased substantially to $183,359 in 1994 and to $313,650 in 1995. This change occurred mainly because of Rogers's promotion and election to a higher office on the board of directors at her family's bank. The record suggests that her income will continue to increase barring some unforeseen event. Elliott's adjusted gross income was $97,284 in 1994 and $285,304 in 1995.

¶ 5. On April 22, 1996, Elliott filed a motion to terminate or reduce the amount of the alimony payments to Rogers. He relied upon the substantial increase in income that his former wife was enjoying. Elliott also sought relief from certain other property agreement obligations. He has now abandoned those claims, and they are not before us. He also suspended all payments required of him under the property settlement agreement. In response, Rogers filed a motion for contempt seeking to have these payments reinstated and the original judgment enforced.

¶ 6. A hearing on the motion to modify the prior judgment was held over the course of three days in March 1997. The chancellor entered a ruling on the motion on February 12, 1998, in which he ruled that Elliott's motion should be denied because he found that there had not been a substantial change in circumstances to warrant a modification.

¶ 7. The hearing on the motion for contempt was held on October 16, 1998. The chancellor found Elliott to be in contempt for refusing to abide by the judgment of divorce. The chancellor awarded attorney's fees to Rogers in the amount of $5,911.25. Elliott appeals.

DISCUSSION

I. Evidence of change in circumstances sufficient to modify alimony

¶ 8. The chancellor found that the $4,000 per month that Elliott had agreed in 1994 to pay to Rogers for 120 months was periodic alimony. Ms. Rogers argued that it was lump sum alimony. Periodic alimony may be required in a divorce because of the husband's duty to support his wife in the manner to which she had become accustomed, to the extent of his ability to pay. Brennan v. Brennan, 638 So.2d 1320, 1324 (Miss.1994). The alimony is normally modifiable if there is a showing of a material and unanticipated change in the circumstances of the parties arising after the original decree was rendered. Anderson v. Anderson, 692 So.2d 65, 70 (Miss.1997).

¶ 9. The relevant part of the alimony provision of the property settlement agreement is this:

Husband shall pay to Wife, ... the sum of $4,000 per month, unless Wife shall die or remarry.... Said payments shall be deductible to Husband and taxable to Wife. In the event of Husband's death ... Husband's heirs and representatives shall be bound to make said payments until the earlier of Wife's *1288 death, remarriage or the expiration of said 120 month period.

Though the parties to a divorce are entitled to enter agreements regarding support, such agreements need to be approved by the court. See Miss.Code Ann. § 93-5-2(Rev.1994).

¶ 10. The Supreme Court has recognized three forms of alimony: 1) lump sum alimony, 2) rehabilitative periodic alimony, and 3) periodic alimony. "Lump sum alimony ... constitutes a fixed liability which is not subject to modification." McDonald v. McDonald, 683 So.2d 929, 931 (Miss.1996). "Rehabilitative alimony has been defined as modifiable, for a fixed period of time, and vesting as it accrues. While both rehabilitative periodic alimony and lump sum alimony which is not paid all at once can share the same characteristics of being a certain amount of money paid over a certain amount of time, they are distinguishable in their modifiability, respective purposes, and by the intent for which the chancellor grants them." Hubbard v. Hubbard, 656 So.2d 124, 129 (Miss.1995). "Periodic alimony is subject to modification and ceases upon the wife's remarriage or upon the husband's death." McDonald, 683 So.2d at 931.

¶ 11. This agreement was prepared by quite capable attorneys. There is difficulty in fitting this agreement within any of the accepted alimony categories. The parties agreed to a definite sum for a set number of months, payable by the former husband's estate if he were to die before the obligation is satisfied. That has attributes of lump sum alimony. Hubbard, 656 So.2d at 129. The chancellor concluded that it was not lump sum since no total amount was ever stated. That is a reasonable consideration, not because the calculation itself is difficult but because it appears that the parties were not thinking in terms of a fixed sum payable out over time, but were considering a periodic sum necessary for some purpose that would terminate after ten years. The chancellor also relied on the fact that the payments terminated at the recipient spouse's death, which is not a characteristic of lump sum alimony. Moreover, the payments are deductible by the payor and taxable to the recipient.

¶ 12. Another possible category is rehabilitative alimony. Hubbard, 656 So.2d at 130. An earlier recognized label for such payments was "periodic transitional alimony" that would allow a spouse whose immediate income was considered inadequate to develop over an expected period of time to where alimony could be terminated. Dufour v. Dufour, 631 So.2d 192, 195 (Miss.1994). There was little discussion of this in the trial court or in the briefs on appeal. We move to the final one.

¶ 13. Though the chancellor determined this to be periodic alimony, an initial and obvious problem with that label is that such alimony cannot

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Bluebook (online)
775 So. 2d 1285, 2000 WL 1697092, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/elliott-v-rogers-missctapp-2000.