Elkins v. James

842 S.W.2d 58, 40 Ark. App. 44, 1992 Ark. App. LEXIS 695
CourtCourt of Appeals of Arkansas
DecidedNovember 18, 1992
DocketCA 92-154
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 842 S.W.2d 58 (Elkins v. James) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Arkansas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Elkins v. James, 842 S.W.2d 58, 40 Ark. App. 44, 1992 Ark. App. LEXIS 695 (Ark. Ct. App. 1992).

Opinion

Judith Rogers, Judge.

At issue in this appeal is whether the chancellor was correct in applying the substantive law of Arkansas in modifying a Missouri divorce decree as it pertains to the age of majority and the payment of child support. Appellant contends that the chancellor’s decision to apply Arkansas law deprived the Missouri decree of full faith and credit. We agree with the chancellor’s ruling and affirm.

Appellant, Lana A. Elkins, and appellee, Mark James, were divorced in 1979 pursuant to a Jackson County, Missouri, decree. Custody of their two minor children was awarded to appellant, and appellee was ordered to make monthly child support payments in the sum of $200 per child through the clerk’s office of Jackson County. In 1980, appellant and the children moved to Arkansas; appellee moved to Oklahoma in 1982.

In October of 1985, appellant registered the Missouri divorce decree with the Sebastian County Chancery Court and sought an increase in child support. On December 17, 1985, the chancellor modified the decree in accordance with the parties’ agreement to increase support payments to $300 a month per child. The court retained the provision that the payments would continue to be paid through the clerk’s office in Jackson County, Missouri.

In July of 1989, the Sebastian County Chancery Court again modified the decree by approving an agreement of the parties regarding the payment of medical expenses. The order recited that appellee would be solely responsible for all future extraordinary medical, hospital, dental and orthopedic treatment for the minor children. The order further provided that child support payments would be abated during the time that the children actually spent with their father pursuant to the visitation schedule. The amount of child support was not increased at that time.

The instant litigation began on June 4,1991, when appellee petitioned the chancery court seeking the termination of child support for the parties’ older son, who had reached the age of eighteen. In his petition, appellee agreed to continue paying support for the remaining child and offered to increase payments on béhalf of that child from $300 to $500 per month. Appellant responded that appellee should not be relieved of the duty to support the older son because Missouri law required the payment of child support to continue for children in college until the age of twenty-one. The statutory provision referred to provides in part: “If when a child reaches the age of eighteen, he is enrolled in and attending a secondary school program of instruction, the parental support obligation shall continue until the child completes such program or reaches age twenty-one, whichever occurs first.” Mo. Ann. Stat. § 452.340.5 (Vernon 1986). Appellant also requested an increase in support for both children.

The chancellor found that appellant had twice invoked the jurisdiction of the Arkansas court when she registered the Missouri divorce decree in October of 1985 and when she called upon the court to have appellee provide payment of medical expenses for the two children, a matter which had not been addressed in the original Missouri decree. The chancellor thus held that Arkansas law applied and terminated support for the elder son.

Appellant contends on appeal that, as a matter of full faith and credit, the court should have applied the substantive law of Missouri concerning the termination of child support. The Full Faith and Credit Clause is found at art. IV, -§ 1 of the United States Constitution. Its purpose is to establish throughout the federal system the salutary principle of the common law that a litigation once pursued to judgment shall be as conclusive of the rights of the parties in every other court as in that where the judgment was rendered. Magnolia Petroleum Co. v. Hunt, 320 U.S. 430 (1943). In keeping with this principle, it has been held that a divorce decree as to past due installments of alimony or child support is within the protection of the full faith and credit clause and may not be modified as long as the courts in the state which rendered the decree have no discretion to modify such accrued installments. Sistare v. Sistare, 218 U.S. 1 (1910). However, future installments under a sister state’s decree may be modified as long as such installments are subject to modification in the state rendering the decree. New York ex re. Halvey v. Halvey, 330 U.S. 610 (1947).

The Revised Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act, codified at Ark. Code Ann. §§ 9-14-301 — 334 (Repl. 1991), at section 9-14-340(a) provides:

Upon registration the registered foreign support order shall be treated in the same manner as a support order issued by a court of this state. It has the same effect and is subject to the same procedures, defenses, and proceedings for the reopening, vacating, or staying as a support order of this state and may be enforced and satisfied in like manner.

Appellant agrees that Arkansas courts can. treat the Missouri support order in the same manner as a support order issued in this state, as far as it involves obtaining jurisdiction of the parties and having the power to modify the order. However, appellant contends that any modifications made in Arkansas must be controlled by the law of Missouri.

Although Arkansas courts have not directly addressed the precise issue raised here, other jurisdictions have done so and their decisions provide guidance in this case. In Elkind v. Byck, 439 P.2d 316 (Cal. 1968), the court was also confronted with the situation where neither of the parties remained residents of the rendering state. The parties were divorced in Georgia, where the decree incorporated an agreement for the husband to establish a trust in the amount of $ 11,500 from which monthly child support payments would be made. This support provision was not subject to modification. Eight years later, the mother initiated proceedings to obtain further support under URESA in New York, where she and the child had moved, and the case was transmitted to California where the father had become a resident. The father defended the petition on the ground that the California court could not impose, consistent with the full faith and credit clause, any support obligation in excess of his duty under the Georgia decree. The father relied .on the decision in Yarborough v. Yarborough, 290 U.S. 202 (1933), where the United States Supreme Court reversed a decision from the Supreme Court of South Carolina and held that the courts of South Carolina were precluded by full faith and credit from modifying a Georgia child support decree which was not modifiable under Georgia law. The court in Elkirtd, however, held that California law applied. In rejecting the father’s contention, the court reasoned that Yarbor-ough was not controlling because the decision was founded upon the continuing presence of the obligor in the rendering state and because the Court had specifically reserved the question of whether a different result would obtain if the obligor no longer resided in the rendering state. See also e.g. Rollins v.

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Bluebook (online)
842 S.W.2d 58, 40 Ark. App. 44, 1992 Ark. App. LEXIS 695, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/elkins-v-james-arkctapp-1992.