2 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
3 DISTRICT OF NEVADA
4 * * *
5 Case No. 2:20-cv-2076-RCJ-BNW Eko Brands, LLC. 6 Amended Plaintiff, Order re [16] and [17] 7 v. 8 Houseware Solutions, LLC, et al., 9 Defendants. 10 11 12 Before the Court is Plaintiff Eko Brands, LLC’s motion for service by publication and to 13 enlarge the time for service. ECF Nos. 17 and 16. The Court finds that Eko Brands does not 14 meet the requirements for service by publication, but that good cause exists for the requested 15 extension. Therefore, the ECF No. 17 will be denied without prejudice and ECF No. 16 will be 16 granted. 17 I. Background 18 Eko Brands accuses defendants Houseware Solutions, LLC, and Paul Wilkie of infringing 19 on patents held by Plaintiff. ECF No. 1. 20 Plaintiff has been unable to serve Wilkie. ECF Nos. 16 and 17. Legal Wings attempted to 21 serve Wilkie at 10785 W. Twain Ave, Ste. 229, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135 on November 16, 22 2020, again on November 18, 2020, and a third time on November 19, 2020. ECF No. 16-1 23 (Hendricks Decl. ¶6). On November 19, the process server was advised by a person present at the 24 address that Wilkie does not work out of that location. Id. Plaintiff then ordered a “skip trace” 25 which attempted to locate Wilkie’s residence or locations. The skip trace identified two potential 26 alternate suite numbers at the 10785 W. Twain Avenue address and confirmed that Defendant 27 was born in the United Kingdom has never had a known residential address in the United States. 1 December 31, 2020, January 4, 2021, and January 5, 2021 at the alternate suite numbers and was 2 not able to locate Wilkie. Id. 3 Plaintiff filed the underlying motions on February 10, 2021. ECF Nos. 16 and 17. 4 II. Service by publication 5 The Constitution does not require any particular means of service of process. Rio Props., 6 Inc. v. Rio Intern. Interlink, 284 F.3d 1007, 1017 (9th Cir. 2002) (citing Mullane v. Central Hanover 7 Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 314 (1950)). Instead, it requires only that service “be reasonably 8 calculated to provide notice and an opportunity to respond.” Id. To that end, service of process is 9 governed by Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 10 Rule 4(e) governs service of individuals located within a judicial district of the United 11 States. FED. R. CIV. P. 4(e). It provides that service is proper by serving an individual in 12 accordance with law of the state where the district court is located. FED. R. CIV. P. 4(e)(1). This 13 Court is located in the District of Nevada. The Nevada Rules of Civil Procedure (“NRCP”), in 14 turn, allow for service by publication. NRCP 4.4(c). 15 A litigant who desires to effect service by publication must meet eight requirements. 16 NRCP 4.4(c).1 The litigant must (1) establish that “the service methods provided in [NRCP] 4.2, 17
18 1 NRCP 4.4 provides: (c) Service by Publication. If a party demonstrates that the service methods provided in Rules 4.2, 4.3, and 19 4.4(a) and (b) are impracticable, the court may, upon motion and without notice to the person being served, direct that service be made by publication. 20 (1) Conditions for Publication. Service by publication may only be ordered when the defendant: (A) cannot, after due diligence, be found; 21 (B) by concealment seeks to avoid service of the summons and complaint; or (C) is an absent or unknown person in an action involving real or personal property under Rule 4.4(c)(3). 22 (2) Motion Seeking Publication. A motion seeking an order for service by publication must: (A) through pleadings or other evidence establish that: 23 (i) a cause of action exists against the defendant who is to be served; and (ii) the defendant is a necessary or proper party to the action; 24 (B) provide affidavits, declarations, or other evidence setting forth specific facts demonstrating the efforts that the plaintiff made to locate and serve the defendant; 25 (C) provide the proposed language of the summons to be used in the publication, briefly summarizing the claims asserted and the relief sought and including any special statutory requirements; 26 (D) suggest one or more newspapers or other periodicals in which the summons should be published that are reasonably calculated to give the defendant actual notice of the proceedings; and 27 (E) if publication is sought based on the fact that the defendant cannot be found, provide affidavits, declarations, or other evidence establishing the following information: 1 4.3, and 4.4(a) and (b) are impracticable”;2 (2) demonstrate that the defendant cannot, after due 2 diligence, be found, or that the defendant seeks to avoid service of process through concealment; 3 (3) establish through pleadings or other evidence that a cause of action exists against the 4 defendant; (4) demonstrate that the defendant is a necessary or proper party to the action; (5) set 5 forth specific facts demonstrating the efforts plaintiff made to locate and serve the defendant; 6 (6) provide the proposed language of the summons to be used in the publication, briefly 7 summarizing the claims asserted and the relief sought; (7) suggest one or more newspapers in 8 which the summons should be published that are reasonably calculated to give the defendant 9 actual notice; and (8) provide the defendant’s last-known address, the dates during which 10 defendant lived at that address, and confirmation that plaintiff is unaware of any other address at 11 which defendant has resided since that time or at which defendant can be found. NRCP 4.4(c). 12 Here, the Court finds Plaintiff has not made the requisite showing under NRCP 4.4(c)— 13 and, by extension, federal Rule 4(e)(1)—to effect service of process upon Wilkie by publication. 14 Specifically, Plaintiff has not established that the service methods provided in NRCP 4.3 and 4.4 15 (b) are impracticable. Plaintiff indicates there is reason to believe that Wilkie is a resident of the 16 U.K. ECF No. 16-3. Yet, Plaintiff has not demonstrated the impracticability of serving Wilkie in 17 a manner consistent with 4.3(b), which governs service upon an individual outside of the United 18 States. It may be that service under NRCP 4.3(b) is impracticable, but plaintiff has not established 19 so. Further, plaintiff has not explained how service by publication is reasonably calculated to give 20 Wilkie notice and an opportunity to respond, especially given plaintiff's suspicion that Wilkie's 21 "only other potential address is in the United Kingdom, where Paul Wilkie is believed to be 22 living." ECF No. 16 at 4. In this same vein, Plaintiff notes an email address for Wilkie but does 23
24 (iii) confirmation that the plaintiff is unaware of any other address at which the defendant has resided since that time, or at which the defendant can be found. 25 2 NRCP 4.2 tracks federal Rule 4(e)(2) and permits service of an individual by either delivering a 26 copy of the summons and complaint to the individual personally, leaving the copies at the individual’s dwelling with a person of suitable age and discretion, or delivering the copies to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to 27 receive service of process. NRCP 4.2(a); FED. R. CIV. P. 4(e)(2). NRCP 4.3 governs service of individuals located outside Nevada or outside the United States. NRCP 4.4(a) governs service in a manner prescribed by statute. And 1 not indicate whether there was an attempt to use that email address to determine whether service 2 could be effected in that manner.
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2 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
3 DISTRICT OF NEVADA
4 * * *
5 Case No. 2:20-cv-2076-RCJ-BNW Eko Brands, LLC. 6 Amended Plaintiff, Order re [16] and [17] 7 v. 8 Houseware Solutions, LLC, et al., 9 Defendants. 10 11 12 Before the Court is Plaintiff Eko Brands, LLC’s motion for service by publication and to 13 enlarge the time for service. ECF Nos. 17 and 16. The Court finds that Eko Brands does not 14 meet the requirements for service by publication, but that good cause exists for the requested 15 extension. Therefore, the ECF No. 17 will be denied without prejudice and ECF No. 16 will be 16 granted. 17 I. Background 18 Eko Brands accuses defendants Houseware Solutions, LLC, and Paul Wilkie of infringing 19 on patents held by Plaintiff. ECF No. 1. 20 Plaintiff has been unable to serve Wilkie. ECF Nos. 16 and 17. Legal Wings attempted to 21 serve Wilkie at 10785 W. Twain Ave, Ste. 229, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135 on November 16, 22 2020, again on November 18, 2020, and a third time on November 19, 2020. ECF No. 16-1 23 (Hendricks Decl. ¶6). On November 19, the process server was advised by a person present at the 24 address that Wilkie does not work out of that location. Id. Plaintiff then ordered a “skip trace” 25 which attempted to locate Wilkie’s residence or locations. The skip trace identified two potential 26 alternate suite numbers at the 10785 W. Twain Avenue address and confirmed that Defendant 27 was born in the United Kingdom has never had a known residential address in the United States. 1 December 31, 2020, January 4, 2021, and January 5, 2021 at the alternate suite numbers and was 2 not able to locate Wilkie. Id. 3 Plaintiff filed the underlying motions on February 10, 2021. ECF Nos. 16 and 17. 4 II. Service by publication 5 The Constitution does not require any particular means of service of process. Rio Props., 6 Inc. v. Rio Intern. Interlink, 284 F.3d 1007, 1017 (9th Cir. 2002) (citing Mullane v. Central Hanover 7 Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 314 (1950)). Instead, it requires only that service “be reasonably 8 calculated to provide notice and an opportunity to respond.” Id. To that end, service of process is 9 governed by Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 10 Rule 4(e) governs service of individuals located within a judicial district of the United 11 States. FED. R. CIV. P. 4(e). It provides that service is proper by serving an individual in 12 accordance with law of the state where the district court is located. FED. R. CIV. P. 4(e)(1). This 13 Court is located in the District of Nevada. The Nevada Rules of Civil Procedure (“NRCP”), in 14 turn, allow for service by publication. NRCP 4.4(c). 15 A litigant who desires to effect service by publication must meet eight requirements. 16 NRCP 4.4(c).1 The litigant must (1) establish that “the service methods provided in [NRCP] 4.2, 17
18 1 NRCP 4.4 provides: (c) Service by Publication. If a party demonstrates that the service methods provided in Rules 4.2, 4.3, and 19 4.4(a) and (b) are impracticable, the court may, upon motion and without notice to the person being served, direct that service be made by publication. 20 (1) Conditions for Publication. Service by publication may only be ordered when the defendant: (A) cannot, after due diligence, be found; 21 (B) by concealment seeks to avoid service of the summons and complaint; or (C) is an absent or unknown person in an action involving real or personal property under Rule 4.4(c)(3). 22 (2) Motion Seeking Publication. A motion seeking an order for service by publication must: (A) through pleadings or other evidence establish that: 23 (i) a cause of action exists against the defendant who is to be served; and (ii) the defendant is a necessary or proper party to the action; 24 (B) provide affidavits, declarations, or other evidence setting forth specific facts demonstrating the efforts that the plaintiff made to locate and serve the defendant; 25 (C) provide the proposed language of the summons to be used in the publication, briefly summarizing the claims asserted and the relief sought and including any special statutory requirements; 26 (D) suggest one or more newspapers or other periodicals in which the summons should be published that are reasonably calculated to give the defendant actual notice of the proceedings; and 27 (E) if publication is sought based on the fact that the defendant cannot be found, provide affidavits, declarations, or other evidence establishing the following information: 1 4.3, and 4.4(a) and (b) are impracticable”;2 (2) demonstrate that the defendant cannot, after due 2 diligence, be found, or that the defendant seeks to avoid service of process through concealment; 3 (3) establish through pleadings or other evidence that a cause of action exists against the 4 defendant; (4) demonstrate that the defendant is a necessary or proper party to the action; (5) set 5 forth specific facts demonstrating the efforts plaintiff made to locate and serve the defendant; 6 (6) provide the proposed language of the summons to be used in the publication, briefly 7 summarizing the claims asserted and the relief sought; (7) suggest one or more newspapers in 8 which the summons should be published that are reasonably calculated to give the defendant 9 actual notice; and (8) provide the defendant’s last-known address, the dates during which 10 defendant lived at that address, and confirmation that plaintiff is unaware of any other address at 11 which defendant has resided since that time or at which defendant can be found. NRCP 4.4(c). 12 Here, the Court finds Plaintiff has not made the requisite showing under NRCP 4.4(c)— 13 and, by extension, federal Rule 4(e)(1)—to effect service of process upon Wilkie by publication. 14 Specifically, Plaintiff has not established that the service methods provided in NRCP 4.3 and 4.4 15 (b) are impracticable. Plaintiff indicates there is reason to believe that Wilkie is a resident of the 16 U.K. ECF No. 16-3. Yet, Plaintiff has not demonstrated the impracticability of serving Wilkie in 17 a manner consistent with 4.3(b), which governs service upon an individual outside of the United 18 States. It may be that service under NRCP 4.3(b) is impracticable, but plaintiff has not established 19 so. Further, plaintiff has not explained how service by publication is reasonably calculated to give 20 Wilkie notice and an opportunity to respond, especially given plaintiff's suspicion that Wilkie's 21 "only other potential address is in the United Kingdom, where Paul Wilkie is believed to be 22 living." ECF No. 16 at 4. In this same vein, Plaintiff notes an email address for Wilkie but does 23
24 (iii) confirmation that the plaintiff is unaware of any other address at which the defendant has resided since that time, or at which the defendant can be found. 25 2 NRCP 4.2 tracks federal Rule 4(e)(2) and permits service of an individual by either delivering a 26 copy of the summons and complaint to the individual personally, leaving the copies at the individual’s dwelling with a person of suitable age and discretion, or delivering the copies to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to 27 receive service of process. NRCP 4.2(a); FED. R. CIV. P. 4(e)(2). NRCP 4.3 governs service of individuals located outside Nevada or outside the United States. NRCP 4.4(a) governs service in a manner prescribed by statute. And 1 not indicate whether there was an attempt to use that email address to determine whether service 2 could be effected in that manner. See Equity Title v. Gazlay, No. 2:19-cv-00845-GMN-BNW, 3 2020 WL 1044009, at *2 (D. Nev. Mar. 3, 2020). Given Plaintiff’s failure to meet the first 4 requirements of NRCP 4.4(c), the court does not analyze the remaining factors. 5 III. Enlarging the time for service 6 Rule 4 provides that plaintiff must serve defendant “within 90 days after the complaint is 7 filed.” FED. R. CIV. P. 4(m). Rule 4(m) requires a two-step analysis to determine whether to 8 extend the time for service. In re Sheehan, 253 F.3d 507, 512 (9th Cir. 2001). At the first step, 9 the Court “must” extend the time for service “upon a showing of good cause.” Lemoge v. United 10 States, 587 F.3d 1188, 1198 (9th Cir. 2009). At the second step, the Court “may” extend the time 11 for service “upon a showing of excusable neglect.” In re Sheehan, 253 F.3d at 512. 12 Courts must determine on a case-by-case basis whether the serving party has shown good 13 cause. Id. Generally, good cause is equated with diligence, and it requires more than the mere 14 inadvertence of counsel. Townsel v. Contra Costa Cnty., Cal., 820 F.2d 319, 320 (9th Cir. 1987). 15 To determine whether there exists good cause, the Court can analyze whether: (1) the party to be 16 served personally received actual notice of the lawsuit; (2) defendant would suffer no prejudice 17 by the extension; and (3) plaintiff would be severely prejudiced if his complaint were dismissed. 18 In re Sheehan, 253 F.3d at 512. 19 Here, the Court finds that Plaintiff has shown good cause for its requested extension. 20 Plaintiff filed its complaint on November 12, 2020. Since then, the process server diligently 21 attempted service using the information it had available to it. ECF Nos. 16-2 and 16-3. Thus, 22 Plaintiff has been diligent and the Court turns now to the three Sheehan factors. 23 The first Sheehan factor weighs against good cause because the record does not evince 24 that Wilkie received actual notice of the lawsuit. However, this lawsuit is still in its infancy and 25 has not advanced beyond the pleading stage. Further, this is Plaintiff’s first requested extension. 26 Thus, the Court finds that the second factor weighs in favor of good cause because Wilkie will 27 not be prejudiced by the extension. Plaintiff’s motion does not speak to the prejudice it would 1 || result if Plaintiff cannot hold accountable one of the persons it believes is responsible for the 2 || allegations in the complaint. The Court in its discretion finds that Plaintiff's diligence, the lack of 3 || prejudice Wilkie would suffer, and the prejudice Plaintiff would suffer constitute good cause for 4 || the requested extension. 5 Because the Court finds that there is good cause at the first step, the Court need not 6 || advance to the second step. 7 || IV. Conclusion. 8 IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Plaintiff’s motion for service by publication (ECF 9 || No. 17) is DENIED without prejudice. 10 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that if Plaintiff wishes to file another motion requesting 11 |) service by alternative means, he must do so by May 28, 2021. 12 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff's motion to extend time (ECF No. 16) is 13 || GRANTED. The deadline for service upon Willkie is extended up to and including 90 days 14 || following May 5, 2021. 15 DATED: May 5, 2021. 16 Gx lea Are bat, BRENDA WEKSLER 17 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28