NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT _____________
No. 17-3415 _____________
EGAN JONES RATINGS COMPANY, Appellant
v.
STEVEN PRUETTE; CHRISTOPHER PRUETTE, on behalf of Insearch Partners ____________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania No. 2-16-mc-00105 District Judge: Honorable Jeffrey L. Schmehl ______________
Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a) September 25, 2018 ______________
Before: McKEE, RESTREPO, and FUENTES, Circuit Judges
(Filed: March 13, 2019)
_____
OPINION* _____
* This disposition is not an Opinion of the full Court and, pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7, does not constitute binding precedent. RESTREPO, Circuit Judge.
Appellant (“Egan”) appeals the decision of the District Court denying its petition
to vacate the final partial arbitration award and granting the plaintiffs’ (“Pruettes”) cross-
petition to confirm. We will affirm the ruling of the District Court.
I.
On December 20, 1998, Egan, a Nationally Recognized Securities Rating
Organization, and the Pruettes entered into an integrated contract (“1998 Agreement”)
granting the Pruettes, through their company InSearch Partners, the exclusive right to sell
Egan’s reports in exchange for the commissions on sales and the renewal of report
subscriptions. When the parties entered into arbitration in February of 2016, the principal
contractual dispute was whether the 1998 Agreement had expired or been terminated.1
The termination provision of the contract was as follows:
The term of this Agreement is two years from the date hereof unless extended by mutual agreement. Either party may end its association with the other with 90 days written notice after the end of the two year period, provided, however, that if total revenues to [Egan Jones Ratings] from sales made by [InSearch Partners], pursuant to this Agreement, exceed $300,000 during the last twelve month period of the initial term of this Agreement, then IP will have the option to extend the term for a one-year period. IP will have two additional options to renew the Agreement for one additional year each if total revenues to EJR exceeds [sic] $450,000 during the third twelve month period and $600,000 during the forth [sic] twenty month period after the date of this Agreement. . . .
1 The parties stipulated that the arbitration would be bifurcated into liability and damages phases. The issue on appeal before this Court involves the arbitration decision on liability only; a separate arbitration hearing is to be held on damages. 2 App. 53. Through 2003, the Pruettes’ sales exceeded the requisite thresholds and the
contract continued intact. During 2004 and 2014, the parties exchanged numerous
contract revision proposals, but never settled upon a replacement agreement. Throughout
that time period, the Pruettes continued to perform their contractual duties until sometime
in 2014, when Egan breached the 1998 Agreement by hiring another salesman to sell the
reports in violation of the contract’s exclusivity provision, and stopped making
commission payments to the Pruettes.
On March 21, 2016, after conducting two days of hearings in February of 2016,
the arbitrator found that the term of the 1998 Agreement was indefinite, that no new
written agreement had been executed, and that Egan gave no notice of termination before
breaching the contract in 2014. In making this finding, the arbitrator found that there was
no credible evidence the Pruettes received Egan’s putative notice of termination,
allegedly dated May 10, 2006. Egan petitioned the District Court under the Federal
Arbitration Act [“FAA”], 9 U.S.C. § 1, et seq., to vacate the final partial arbitration
award, which the District Court denied.
On appeal, Egan argues the District Court erred in concluding that the arbitrator
acted competently and did not manifestly disregard the law (1) by not addressing the
statute of limitations defense, (2) by interpreting the 1998 Agreement to be perpetual
unless affirmatively terminated by one of the parties, and (3) by finding the Agreement
was in effect until terminated by Egan in 2014. We disagree for the following reasons.
II.
3 Review of arbitration awarded under the FAA is “extremely deferential.”
Metromedia Energy, Inc. v. Enserch Energy Servs., Inc., 409 F.3d 574, 578 (3d Cir.
2005) (quoting Dluhos v. Strasberg, 321 F.3d 365, 370 (3d Cir. 2003)). Vacatur is
appropriate only in “‘exceedingly narrow’ circumstances, such as where arbitrators are
partial or corrupt, or where the arbitration panel manifestly disregards, rather than merely
erroneously interprets, the law.” Id. (citing Strasberg, 321 F.3d at 370). When an
arbitrator’s task is to interpret the clauses of the agreement, “a reviewing court may only
determine whether the arbitrator’s award was totally unsupported by principles of
contract construction.” Acro Polymers, Inc. v. Local 8-74, 671 F.2d 752, 755 (3d Cir.
1982) (internal citations omitted).
Furthermore, “[t]he Supreme Court has made clear that findings of fact and
inferences to be drawn therefrom are the exclusive province of the arbitrator.” Exxon
Shipping Co. v. Exxon Seaman's Union (“Exxon III”), 73 F.3d 1287, 1297 (3d Cir.1996)
(citing United Paperworkers Int'l Union v. Misco, Inc., 484 U.S. 29, 36 (1987)). “When
an arbitrator resolves disputes regarding the application of a contract, and no dishonesty
is alleged, the arbitrator's ‘improvident, even silly, factfinding’ does not provide a basis
for a reviewing court to refuse to enforce the award.” Major League Baseball Players
Ass'n v. Garvey, 532 U.S. 504, 509 (2001) (quoting United Paperworkers Int’l Union v.
Misco, 484 U.S. at 39). It is not proper for a reviewing court to “reexamine the evidence”
when reviewing an arbitration award, and errors in factfinding do not justify reversal.
Mutual Fire, Marine & Inland Ins. Co. v. Norad Reins Co., Ltd, 868 F.2d 52, 56 (3d Cir.
1989); accord Misco, 484 U.S. at 36-38.
4 III.
With regard to Egan’s contention that the arbitrator erred by not ruling on the
statute of limitations defense, we find that the arbitrator’s predicate findings rendered
such a determination irrelevant. The arbitrator interpreted the 1998 Agreement to
continue beyond the initial period of two years and up until either party provided a “90
day written notice” of its intention to withdraw. App. 196. This interpretation of the
termination provision falls within the bounds of the principles of contract construction
and therefore must be upheld by this Court. See NF&M Corp. v. United Steelworkers of
Am., 524 F.2d 756
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT _____________
No. 17-3415 _____________
EGAN JONES RATINGS COMPANY, Appellant
v.
STEVEN PRUETTE; CHRISTOPHER PRUETTE, on behalf of Insearch Partners ____________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania No. 2-16-mc-00105 District Judge: Honorable Jeffrey L. Schmehl ______________
Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a) September 25, 2018 ______________
Before: McKEE, RESTREPO, and FUENTES, Circuit Judges
(Filed: March 13, 2019)
_____
OPINION* _____
* This disposition is not an Opinion of the full Court and, pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7, does not constitute binding precedent. RESTREPO, Circuit Judge.
Appellant (“Egan”) appeals the decision of the District Court denying its petition
to vacate the final partial arbitration award and granting the plaintiffs’ (“Pruettes”) cross-
petition to confirm. We will affirm the ruling of the District Court.
I.
On December 20, 1998, Egan, a Nationally Recognized Securities Rating
Organization, and the Pruettes entered into an integrated contract (“1998 Agreement”)
granting the Pruettes, through their company InSearch Partners, the exclusive right to sell
Egan’s reports in exchange for the commissions on sales and the renewal of report
subscriptions. When the parties entered into arbitration in February of 2016, the principal
contractual dispute was whether the 1998 Agreement had expired or been terminated.1
The termination provision of the contract was as follows:
The term of this Agreement is two years from the date hereof unless extended by mutual agreement. Either party may end its association with the other with 90 days written notice after the end of the two year period, provided, however, that if total revenues to [Egan Jones Ratings] from sales made by [InSearch Partners], pursuant to this Agreement, exceed $300,000 during the last twelve month period of the initial term of this Agreement, then IP will have the option to extend the term for a one-year period. IP will have two additional options to renew the Agreement for one additional year each if total revenues to EJR exceeds [sic] $450,000 during the third twelve month period and $600,000 during the forth [sic] twenty month period after the date of this Agreement. . . .
1 The parties stipulated that the arbitration would be bifurcated into liability and damages phases. The issue on appeal before this Court involves the arbitration decision on liability only; a separate arbitration hearing is to be held on damages. 2 App. 53. Through 2003, the Pruettes’ sales exceeded the requisite thresholds and the
contract continued intact. During 2004 and 2014, the parties exchanged numerous
contract revision proposals, but never settled upon a replacement agreement. Throughout
that time period, the Pruettes continued to perform their contractual duties until sometime
in 2014, when Egan breached the 1998 Agreement by hiring another salesman to sell the
reports in violation of the contract’s exclusivity provision, and stopped making
commission payments to the Pruettes.
On March 21, 2016, after conducting two days of hearings in February of 2016,
the arbitrator found that the term of the 1998 Agreement was indefinite, that no new
written agreement had been executed, and that Egan gave no notice of termination before
breaching the contract in 2014. In making this finding, the arbitrator found that there was
no credible evidence the Pruettes received Egan’s putative notice of termination,
allegedly dated May 10, 2006. Egan petitioned the District Court under the Federal
Arbitration Act [“FAA”], 9 U.S.C. § 1, et seq., to vacate the final partial arbitration
award, which the District Court denied.
On appeal, Egan argues the District Court erred in concluding that the arbitrator
acted competently and did not manifestly disregard the law (1) by not addressing the
statute of limitations defense, (2) by interpreting the 1998 Agreement to be perpetual
unless affirmatively terminated by one of the parties, and (3) by finding the Agreement
was in effect until terminated by Egan in 2014. We disagree for the following reasons.
II.
3 Review of arbitration awarded under the FAA is “extremely deferential.”
Metromedia Energy, Inc. v. Enserch Energy Servs., Inc., 409 F.3d 574, 578 (3d Cir.
2005) (quoting Dluhos v. Strasberg, 321 F.3d 365, 370 (3d Cir. 2003)). Vacatur is
appropriate only in “‘exceedingly narrow’ circumstances, such as where arbitrators are
partial or corrupt, or where the arbitration panel manifestly disregards, rather than merely
erroneously interprets, the law.” Id. (citing Strasberg, 321 F.3d at 370). When an
arbitrator’s task is to interpret the clauses of the agreement, “a reviewing court may only
determine whether the arbitrator’s award was totally unsupported by principles of
contract construction.” Acro Polymers, Inc. v. Local 8-74, 671 F.2d 752, 755 (3d Cir.
1982) (internal citations omitted).
Furthermore, “[t]he Supreme Court has made clear that findings of fact and
inferences to be drawn therefrom are the exclusive province of the arbitrator.” Exxon
Shipping Co. v. Exxon Seaman's Union (“Exxon III”), 73 F.3d 1287, 1297 (3d Cir.1996)
(citing United Paperworkers Int'l Union v. Misco, Inc., 484 U.S. 29, 36 (1987)). “When
an arbitrator resolves disputes regarding the application of a contract, and no dishonesty
is alleged, the arbitrator's ‘improvident, even silly, factfinding’ does not provide a basis
for a reviewing court to refuse to enforce the award.” Major League Baseball Players
Ass'n v. Garvey, 532 U.S. 504, 509 (2001) (quoting United Paperworkers Int’l Union v.
Misco, 484 U.S. at 39). It is not proper for a reviewing court to “reexamine the evidence”
when reviewing an arbitration award, and errors in factfinding do not justify reversal.
Mutual Fire, Marine & Inland Ins. Co. v. Norad Reins Co., Ltd, 868 F.2d 52, 56 (3d Cir.
1989); accord Misco, 484 U.S. at 36-38.
4 III.
With regard to Egan’s contention that the arbitrator erred by not ruling on the
statute of limitations defense, we find that the arbitrator’s predicate findings rendered
such a determination irrelevant. The arbitrator interpreted the 1998 Agreement to
continue beyond the initial period of two years and up until either party provided a “90
day written notice” of its intention to withdraw. App. 196. This interpretation of the
termination provision falls within the bounds of the principles of contract construction
and therefore must be upheld by this Court. See NF&M Corp. v. United Steelworkers of
Am., 524 F.2d 756, 759 (3d Cir.1975) (quoting Ludwig Honold Mfg. Co. v. Fletcher, 405
F.2d 1123, 1128 (3d Cir.1969)) (only where there is a “manifest disregard of the
agreement, totally unsupported by principles of contract construction and the law of the
shop, may a reviewing court disturb the award.”) The arbitrator found that, although
Egan had the right to do so earlier, it did not provide the requisite notice until 2014. The
Pruettes filed their demand for arbitration on February 6, 2015, well within the
Pennsylvania statute of limitations period of four years for commencing a proceeding for
breach of contract. Rather than manifestly disregarding governing Pennsylvania law, the
arbitrator made factual findings that deemed the statute of limitations defense
inapplicable. Egan’s argument that an arbitrator must explicitly reject every potential
defense, even if it is rendered moot by his own factual findings, is both practically and
legally untenable.
Egan next contests the arbitrator’s factual findings. In reaching the conclusion
that Egan breached the 1998 Agreement in 2014, the arbitrator found no “credible
5 evidence” that the Pruettes ever received a prior notice of termination. App. 196.
Despite being not required to do so, the arbitrator supported his factual findings by citing
testimony from both parties given at the February 2016 arbitration hearings. That it
believed the Pruettes’ testimony over Egan’s version of events does not present grounds
for relief. A reviewing court “is precluded from overturning an award for errors in
assessing the credibility of witnesses, in the weight accorded their testimony, or in the
determination of factual issues.” NF&M Corp., 524 F.2d at 759 (citing Amalgamated
Butchers, Local 641 v. Capitol Packing Co., 413 F.2d 668 (10th Cir. 1969), and Dallas
Typographical Union, No. 173 v. A.H. Belo Corp., 372 F.2d 577 (5th Cir. 1967)). After
reviewing the record, we agree with the District Court that the arbitrator’s findings were
the result of a “proper weighing of conflicting evidence” and no justifiable grounds for
vacating the partial final award exist. App. 16.
Egan next asserts that the arbitrator’s finding that the contract was in effect until
2014 was in contravention of public policy, which discourages contracts that exist in
perpetuity. But a contract that is ongoing until it is terminated by either party is not one
of indefinite duration. The arbitrator interpreted the contract’s plain language to
encompass a means of termination, i.e., that either party can permissibly withdraw after
providing a 90-day written notice. Accordingly, we agree with the District Court that
public policy concerns regarding a contract of indefinite duration do not apply here.
Again, because the arbitrator’s interpretation of the termination provision’s plain
language, at the very least, “‘draws its essence’ from or ‘arguably construes or applies’
the parties’ contract,” it must withstand our review on appeal. Metromedia Energy, 409
6 F.3d at 584 (quoting News Am. Pub. v. Newark Typographical Union, 918 F.2d 21, 24
(3d Cir. 1990) (emphasis in original)).
Since we have found all of Egan’s contentions to be without merit, we affirm the
District Court’s decision to deny its petition to vacate the partial final award of the
arbitration. The case is hereby returned to arbitration so that damages can be assessed.