USCA11 Case: 21-13431 Date Filed: 08/02/2022 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH] In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit
____________________
No. 21-13431 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________
EDWIN ROBERTO GIRON-VILLATORO, Petitioner, versus U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondent.
Petition for Review of a Decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals Agency No. A094-270-497 ____________________ USCA11 Case: 21-13431 Date Filed: 08/02/2022 Page: 2 of 7
2 Opinion of the Court 21-13431
Before WILSON, ANDERSON, and EDMONDSON, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: Edwin Giron-Villatoro (“Petitioner”), a native and citizen of Honduras, petitions for review of the order of the Board of Immi- gration Appeals (“BIA”) denying Petitioner’s motion to reopen his removal proceedings. Petitioner sought reopening based on newly-available evidence for his application for relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). No reversible error has been shown; we dismiss in part and deny in part the petition. Petitioner entered the United States in 1990 as a non-immi- grant visitor for pleasure. Petitioner later became a lawful perma- nent resident in 2008. In 2017, Petitioner was convicted of conspir- acy to distribute 5 kilograms of cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846. In the light of Petitioner’s 2017 conviction, the Department of Homeland Security charged Petitioner as removable for having been convicted of an aggravated felony. Petitioner conceded re- movability. In March 2020, Petitioner applied for deferral of removal un- der CAT. Briefly stated, Petitioner said he feared that, if returned to Honduras, he would be tortured by gang members with the ac- quiescence of the Honduran government. Petitioner returned to Honduras only one time after first arriving in the United States in 1990. During that three-day visit in 2009, Petitioner says he was USCA11 Case: 21-13431 Date Filed: 08/02/2022 Page: 3 of 7
21-13431 Opinion of the Court 3
“harassed,” “interrogated,” and “followed” by people he later learned were members of the MS-13 gang. Petitioner says he was targeted by the gang members because he was from the United States and was, thus, perceived as wealthy. Petitioner never re- ported the 2009 incident to the Honduran police because he said the police “work together” with the criminal organizations. Peti- tioner also said his cousin was killed by gang members after his cousin was deported to Honduras in 2013. In support of his application for relief, Petitioner submitted a declaration from a purported expert on Honduras (Dr. Vanden). During his removal hearing, Petitioner sought to have Dr. Vanden testify by telephone about the country conditions in Honduras. Dr. Vanden, however, failed to answer his phone when called twice by the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) and once by Petitioner. After attempt- ing to reach Dr. Vanden for half an hour, the IJ directed the parties to begin closing arguments. When Dr. Vanden later returned Pe- titioner’s call, the IJ denied Petitioner’s request to have Dr. Vanden testify. The IJ explained that several unsuccessful efforts had al- ready been made to contact Dr. Vanden, that the evidence had since closed, and that closing arguments had already begun. The IJ denied Petitioner’s application for relief. The IJ deter- mined that Petitioner had shown no past physical harm. The IJ also determined that the mere prevalence of human rights violations in Honduras was insufficient to show that Petitioner himself would more-likely-than-not be subjected to torture if returned to Hondu- ras. The IJ concluded further that Petitioner had failed to show that USCA11 Case: 21-13431 Date Filed: 08/02/2022 Page: 4 of 7
4 Opinion of the Court 21-13431
such torture would be committed by or with the acquiescence of the Honduran government. Petitioner moved for reconsideration, arguing chiefly that the IJ’s refusal to allow Dr. Vanden to testify constituted a due pro- cess violation. The IJ denied reconsideration. Petitioner appealed administratively to the BIA. In Novem- ber 2020, the BIA affirmed the IJ’s decision. Petitioner sought no review of the BIA’s denial of relief. In December 2020, Petitioner moved to reopen his removal proceedings based on newly-available evidence. Petitioner said that -- while his administrative appeal was pending before the BIA -- the Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”) contacted Petitioner for assistance with an ongoing drug-trafficking investigation. In his motion, Petitioner provided no details about his involvement or about the nature of the investigation. Petitioner’s lawyer said only that she was not yet “authorized to provide these materials,” and that “the availability of these materials will be addressed in reopen proceedings.” Petitioner’s lawyer said that evidence about the FBI investigation was material to Petitioner’s CAT claim because the gangs in Honduras would now target Petitioner for cooperating with the FBI. Petitioner asserted that it would be “worthwhile to develop the issue further in a full evidentiary hearing.” In September 2021, the BIA denied Petitioner’s motion to reopen. The BIA concluded that no reopening was warranted be- cause Petitioner had “failed to submit any new evidence to show USCA11 Case: 21-13431 Date Filed: 08/02/2022 Page: 5 of 7
21-13431 Opinion of the Court 5
that the outcome of this case would likely be different if proceed- ings were reopened.” This appeal followed. We review the BIA’s denial of a motion to reopen for abuse of discretion. See Jiang v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 568 F.3d 1252, 1256 (11th Cir. 2009). “Our review is limited to determining whether the BIA exercised its discretion in an arbitrary or capricious manner.” Id. “Motions to reopen in removal proceedings are particularly disfa- vored.” Id. A motion to reopen immigration proceedings “shall state the new facts that will be proven at a hearing to be held if the mo- tion is granted, and shall be supported by affidavits or other eviden- tiary material.” 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(B); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1). The BIA “may grant a motion to reopen only if, among other things, the ‘evidence sought to be offered is material.’” Dos Santos v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 982 F.3d 1315, 1323 (11th Cir. 2020) (citing 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1)). An applicant “who attempts to show that the evidence is material bears a heavy burden and must present ev- idence that demonstrates that, if the proceedings were opened, the new evidence would likely change the result in the case.” Jiang, 568 F.3d at 1256-57. The BIA abused no discretion in denying Petitioner’s mo- tion to reopen. Contrary to Petitioner’s assertion, the BIA summa- rized properly the “evidence” presented by Petitioner in his mo- tion: statements by Petitioner’s lawyer that the FBI had contacted Petitioner for information about an ongoing investigation and that materials related to the investigation would be submitted in the USCA11 Case: 21-13431 Date Filed: 08/02/2022 Page: 6 of 7
6 Opinion of the Court 21-13431
reopened proceedings. Although Petitioner’s motion indicated that new potential evidence might exist, Petitioner provided no new facts and offered no affidavits or other evidentiary material in support of his motion.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
USCA11 Case: 21-13431 Date Filed: 08/02/2022 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH] In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit
____________________
No. 21-13431 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________
EDWIN ROBERTO GIRON-VILLATORO, Petitioner, versus U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondent.
Petition for Review of a Decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals Agency No. A094-270-497 ____________________ USCA11 Case: 21-13431 Date Filed: 08/02/2022 Page: 2 of 7
2 Opinion of the Court 21-13431
Before WILSON, ANDERSON, and EDMONDSON, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: Edwin Giron-Villatoro (“Petitioner”), a native and citizen of Honduras, petitions for review of the order of the Board of Immi- gration Appeals (“BIA”) denying Petitioner’s motion to reopen his removal proceedings. Petitioner sought reopening based on newly-available evidence for his application for relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). No reversible error has been shown; we dismiss in part and deny in part the petition. Petitioner entered the United States in 1990 as a non-immi- grant visitor for pleasure. Petitioner later became a lawful perma- nent resident in 2008. In 2017, Petitioner was convicted of conspir- acy to distribute 5 kilograms of cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846. In the light of Petitioner’s 2017 conviction, the Department of Homeland Security charged Petitioner as removable for having been convicted of an aggravated felony. Petitioner conceded re- movability. In March 2020, Petitioner applied for deferral of removal un- der CAT. Briefly stated, Petitioner said he feared that, if returned to Honduras, he would be tortured by gang members with the ac- quiescence of the Honduran government. Petitioner returned to Honduras only one time after first arriving in the United States in 1990. During that three-day visit in 2009, Petitioner says he was USCA11 Case: 21-13431 Date Filed: 08/02/2022 Page: 3 of 7
21-13431 Opinion of the Court 3
“harassed,” “interrogated,” and “followed” by people he later learned were members of the MS-13 gang. Petitioner says he was targeted by the gang members because he was from the United States and was, thus, perceived as wealthy. Petitioner never re- ported the 2009 incident to the Honduran police because he said the police “work together” with the criminal organizations. Peti- tioner also said his cousin was killed by gang members after his cousin was deported to Honduras in 2013. In support of his application for relief, Petitioner submitted a declaration from a purported expert on Honduras (Dr. Vanden). During his removal hearing, Petitioner sought to have Dr. Vanden testify by telephone about the country conditions in Honduras. Dr. Vanden, however, failed to answer his phone when called twice by the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) and once by Petitioner. After attempt- ing to reach Dr. Vanden for half an hour, the IJ directed the parties to begin closing arguments. When Dr. Vanden later returned Pe- titioner’s call, the IJ denied Petitioner’s request to have Dr. Vanden testify. The IJ explained that several unsuccessful efforts had al- ready been made to contact Dr. Vanden, that the evidence had since closed, and that closing arguments had already begun. The IJ denied Petitioner’s application for relief. The IJ deter- mined that Petitioner had shown no past physical harm. The IJ also determined that the mere prevalence of human rights violations in Honduras was insufficient to show that Petitioner himself would more-likely-than-not be subjected to torture if returned to Hondu- ras. The IJ concluded further that Petitioner had failed to show that USCA11 Case: 21-13431 Date Filed: 08/02/2022 Page: 4 of 7
4 Opinion of the Court 21-13431
such torture would be committed by or with the acquiescence of the Honduran government. Petitioner moved for reconsideration, arguing chiefly that the IJ’s refusal to allow Dr. Vanden to testify constituted a due pro- cess violation. The IJ denied reconsideration. Petitioner appealed administratively to the BIA. In Novem- ber 2020, the BIA affirmed the IJ’s decision. Petitioner sought no review of the BIA’s denial of relief. In December 2020, Petitioner moved to reopen his removal proceedings based on newly-available evidence. Petitioner said that -- while his administrative appeal was pending before the BIA -- the Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”) contacted Petitioner for assistance with an ongoing drug-trafficking investigation. In his motion, Petitioner provided no details about his involvement or about the nature of the investigation. Petitioner’s lawyer said only that she was not yet “authorized to provide these materials,” and that “the availability of these materials will be addressed in reopen proceedings.” Petitioner’s lawyer said that evidence about the FBI investigation was material to Petitioner’s CAT claim because the gangs in Honduras would now target Petitioner for cooperating with the FBI. Petitioner asserted that it would be “worthwhile to develop the issue further in a full evidentiary hearing.” In September 2021, the BIA denied Petitioner’s motion to reopen. The BIA concluded that no reopening was warranted be- cause Petitioner had “failed to submit any new evidence to show USCA11 Case: 21-13431 Date Filed: 08/02/2022 Page: 5 of 7
21-13431 Opinion of the Court 5
that the outcome of this case would likely be different if proceed- ings were reopened.” This appeal followed. We review the BIA’s denial of a motion to reopen for abuse of discretion. See Jiang v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 568 F.3d 1252, 1256 (11th Cir. 2009). “Our review is limited to determining whether the BIA exercised its discretion in an arbitrary or capricious manner.” Id. “Motions to reopen in removal proceedings are particularly disfa- vored.” Id. A motion to reopen immigration proceedings “shall state the new facts that will be proven at a hearing to be held if the mo- tion is granted, and shall be supported by affidavits or other eviden- tiary material.” 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(B); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1). The BIA “may grant a motion to reopen only if, among other things, the ‘evidence sought to be offered is material.’” Dos Santos v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 982 F.3d 1315, 1323 (11th Cir. 2020) (citing 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1)). An applicant “who attempts to show that the evidence is material bears a heavy burden and must present ev- idence that demonstrates that, if the proceedings were opened, the new evidence would likely change the result in the case.” Jiang, 568 F.3d at 1256-57. The BIA abused no discretion in denying Petitioner’s mo- tion to reopen. Contrary to Petitioner’s assertion, the BIA summa- rized properly the “evidence” presented by Petitioner in his mo- tion: statements by Petitioner’s lawyer that the FBI had contacted Petitioner for information about an ongoing investigation and that materials related to the investigation would be submitted in the USCA11 Case: 21-13431 Date Filed: 08/02/2022 Page: 6 of 7
6 Opinion of the Court 21-13431
reopened proceedings. Although Petitioner’s motion indicated that new potential evidence might exist, Petitioner provided no new facts and offered no affidavits or other evidentiary material in support of his motion. The broad assertions made by Petitioner’s lawyer that further details about the FBI investigation would be- come available at some unidentified future date and would be more fully developed at an evidentiary hearing fail to satisfy the evidentiary requirements governing motions to reopen. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(B); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1). Petitioner also as- serts generally (with no supporting affidavit or other evidence) that his cooperation with the FBI would make it more likely that he would be targeted by Honduran gangs. Even if Petitioner’s asser- tion might be true, that assertion constitutes no evidence demon- strating that Petitioner more-likely-than-not would be subjected to harm constituting torture or that such torture would be committed by, or with the acquiescence of, the Honduran government. Peti- tioner has thus failed to satisfy the “heavy burden” of presenting new evidence that would likely change the outcome of his removal proceedings. Accordingly, we deny Petitioner’s petition for review on this issue. Petitioner also seeks to challenge the IJ’s refusal to allow Dr. Vanden to testify during Petitioner’s removal hearing. Petitioner, however, never petitioned for review of the BIA’s November 2020 order affirming the IJ’s denial of CAT relief. And the petition for review underlying this appeal -- filed in October 2021 -- was filed long after the deadline for seeking review of the November 2020 USCA11 Case: 21-13431 Date Filed: 08/02/2022 Page: 7 of 7
21-13431 Opinion of the Court 7
decision had expired. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(1) (providing that a petition for review of an order of removal must be filed within “30 days after the date of the final order of removal”). We thus lack jurisdiction to consider Petitioner’s challenge to his original re- moval proceedings; we dismiss the petition on that issue. See Da- kane v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 399 F.3d 1269, 1272 n.3 (11th Cir. 2005) (“[T]he statutory limit for filing a petition for review in an immi- gration proceeding is ‘mandatory and jurisdictional,’ [and] is not subject to equitable tolling.” (citing Stone v. I.N.S., 514 U.S. 386, 405 (1995))). PETITION DISMISSED IN PART AND DENIED IN PART.