Opinion issued January 20, 2022
In The
Court of Appeals For The
First District of Texas ———————————— NO. 01-20-00371-CV ——————————— EDWARD JOHN GLYNN, Appellant V. CYNTHIA KAY GLYNN, Appellee
On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 2 Galveston County, Texas Trial Court Case No. 18-FD-2643
OPINION
This is an appeal from a final divorce decree signed on February 7, 2020.
Edward Glynn and Cynthia Glynn agreed upon the terms of the divorce in a
mediated settlement agreement signed December 16, 2019. On appeal, Edward
contends that the trial court abused its discretion by signing a final divorce decree that exceeded the scope of the mediated settlement agreement. Specifically, he
challenges the documents attached as exhibits to the final decree, the requirement
that he execute and sign them, and the authorization of a wage withholding order
as a means of payment for contractual alimony. We affirm as modified.
Background
Cynthia and Edward were married in May 1996 and ceased living together
in October 2018. They did not have children. Cynthia petitioned for divorce in
October 2018, and Edward counter-petitioned in November 2018. Each petition
was amended before Cynthia and Edward entered into a binding, mediated
settlement agreement (“MSA”) on December 16, 2019. The MSA approved and
signed by the parties and their attorneys states:
This Mediated Settlement Agreement shall act as a shorthand rendition of the terms of the parties’ agreement, and formal orders shall be prepared consistent with this agreement. If there are any disputes in drafting the agreement, the Texas Family Law Practice Manual, as amended, shall prevail relative to drafting disputes.
....
Execution of Documents. Each party shall agree to appear at a designated time for purposes of executing all documents necessary to effectuate the Final Decree of Divorce. Such documents shall include but not limited to Special Warranty Deed, Deed of Trust to Secure Assumption, Qualified Domestic Relations Order, Quitclaim Deeds, Assignments of Escrow Funds, assignments of insurance coverage, utility deposits, certificates of title to automobile, power of attorney necessary to transfer automobile, signature cards on custodial accounts, stock transfer certificates, trust agreements, security agreements collateral pledge agreements, assignments of interest, and
2 other documents as reasonably necessary to effectuate the finality of this agreement.
Exchange of Documents/Preparation of Paperwork
The anticipated documents necessary to finalize this case shall be as follows:
Decree, POA on vehicles, owelty lien, UCC filings, promissory notes for [$]1,300,000.
The parties agree to contractual alimony of $1,300,00.00. This debt shall be paid beginning February 1, 2020 at $10,833.33 per month for 120 months.
The debt of $1,300,00.00 will be secured by an owelty lien on the Tiki house at 946 Long Reach Drive, Galveston, Texas 77554 and a security agreement/note regarding Integrated Systems Group Inc. business with UCC filing. In addition, Ed Glynn agrees to maintains his New England Life insurance policy and name Cynthia Glynn as the sole beneficiary up to the remainder owed under this agreement.
Additionally, the parties crossed out the portion of the MSA that would
require them to return to the mediator to resolve drafting disputes, leaving the trial
court to decide future drafting disputes. On December 2019, Cynthia and her
counsel appeared to prove up the MSA and seek a rendition of judgment on its
terms. The trial court granted a divorce and set a date for the entry of the decree.
On January 31, 2020, the court held a contested entry hearing regarding the
form of the decree. Edward’s trial counsel objected to two portions of the proposed
decree. First, he objected that the lien on the marital residence should be in the
3 amount of $300,00.00 instead of $1,300,00.00. Second, he requested that a special
warranty deed be drafted in addition to the owelty lien on the marital residence.1
Regarding the first objection, the trial court found that the MSA specifically
stated that the lien amount would be $1,300,00.00, not $300,000. As to the second
objection, Cynthia’s counsel responded that a special warranty deed was
unnecessary. The court ordered that the decree include an owelty lien with the
conveyance.
In February 2020, the decree was signed by the trial court. It was approved
as to form by both parties’ counsel and approved as to both form and substance by
Cynthia. On March 3, 2020, Edward moved for a new trial and to modify, correct,
or reform the decree. He complained that the court’s judgment erroneously
included command language compelling him to execute ancillary documents and
that the ancillary documents were erroneously attached as exhibits. He argued that
the exhibits were not contemplated by the MSA nor agreed to by the parties. He
also argued that the court imposed terms and conditions on him that were not part
of the MSA, such as post-judgment interest on the contractual alimony, a partition
agreement, a real estate lien, and a deed of trust. Edward filed a brief in support of
1 Owelty is the difference in value that results when a court divides property into shares of unequal value in partition proceedings. Sayers v. Pyland, 161 S.W.2d 769, 772 (1942). The court may then order an owelty payment to equalize the shares’ value and impose a lien on the greater share in favor of the recipient of the lesser share to secure the owelty payment. See id. 4 his motion that requested that at minimum, the trial court exclude all wage
withholding language and exclude the owelty of partition agreement, real estate
lien, and deed of trust which were attached as exhibits to the final decree.
Cynthia responded that Edward failed to show good cause for obtaining a
new trial and failed to cite any judicial error in need of modification. Cynthia
argued that the complained-of exhibits attached to the final decree were necessary
to properly obtain an owelty lien to secure the $1,300,00.00 owed by Edward to
Cynthia as contractual alimony. She argued that this was both permissible under
Texas law and agreed upon by the parties in the MSA incorporated in the decree.
Cynthia agreed that Exhibit C, the real estate lien note, erroneously included
interest. She stated that the proper remedy was a motion for judgment nunc pro
tunc.
The trial court denied Edward’s motions and ordered that a nunc pro tunc
order correct the real estate lien note to reflect that no interest accrued on the debt
Edward owed Cynthia. Edward appealed. As of the time of appeal, the trial court
has not entered the nunc pro tunc order.
Edward complains of two issues on appeal. First, he argues that the trial
court abused its discretion by attaching transactional documents as exhibits to the
final decree that were neither contemplated by the MSA nor agreed upon in
advance. He also argues that the trial court abused its discretion by including
5 wording in the final decree that commands that he execute the documents. In his
second issue, he argues that the trial court erred by including wage withholding as
a means of collecting contractual alimony. We modify the judgment to remove
interest from the real estate lien and to remove reference to wage withholding as a
means of collecting contractual alimony. We affirm the judgment as modified.
Exhibits Contemplated by the MSA
On appeal, Edward asserts that the trial court abused its discretion by
attaching several transactional instruments to the final decree because they were
neither contemplated by the MSA nor agreed upon in advance. The exhibits he
complains of are:
Exhibit A Owelty of Partition Agreement
Exhibit B Owelty of Partition Deed
Exhibit C Real Estate Lien Note
Exhibit D Deed of Trust
Exhibit E Security Agreement
He also asserts that the trial court abused its discretion by attaching the exhibits to
the decree and by commanding that he execute them in the final decree.
Cynthia responds that the exhibits were contemplated by the MSA and
necessary to effectuate the security for full payment of contractual alimony.
Cynthia argues that the MSA states that the parties agreed to follow the Texas
6 Family Law Practice Manual for drafting the final decree. The practice manual
specifically contemplates attaching documents for the conveyance of property to
the final decree as exhibits. She also argues that the language commanding Edward
to execute the documents is as suggested by the practice manual. We agree with
Cynthia.
A. Applicable Law and Standard of Review
It is well settled that an MSA that meets certain statutory formalities “is
binding on the parties and requires the rendition of a divorce decree that adopts the
parties’ agreement.” Milner v. Milner, 361 S.W.3d 615, 618 (Tex. 2012) (citing
TEX. FAM. CODE § 6.602(b)–(c)). Unlike other settlement agreements in the family
law context, the trial court is not required to determine if the agreed property
division is “just and right” before approving an MSA that satisfies the statutory
requirements. Highsmith v. Highsmith, 587 S.W.3d 771, 775 (Tex. 2019). When
the agreement complies with the statutory formalities, it is binding on the parties as
soon as executed and a party is “entitled to judgment on the mediated settlement
agreement not withstanding Rule 11, Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, or another
rule of law.” TEX. FAM. CODE § 6.602(b)–(c). The parties do not dispute that the
MSA contains the required formalities of Section 6.602 of the Family Code. See id.
A trial court must enforce an MSA that meets the statutory requirements
unless a party demonstrates that the MSA was illegal or was procured by fraud,
7 duress, coercion, or other dishonest means. Boyd v. Boyd, 67 S.W.3d 398, 403
(Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2002, no pet.). When parties reach a settlement
agreement, the final judgment must be in strict or literal compliance with that
agreement. Chisholm v. Chisholm, 209 S.W.3d 96, 98 (Tex. 2006) (per curiam)
(citing Vickrey v. Am. Youth Camps, Inc., 532 S.W.2d 292, 292 (Tex. 1976) (per
curiam)). The law does not require that the parties agree to all of the terms
necessary to effectuate the purposes of the agreement; it is necessary only that the
parties reach an agreement as to all material terms. McLendon v McLendon, 847
S.W.2d 601, 606 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1992, writ denied). A judgment is not in
“strict or literal compliance” with the terms of the agreement if it improperly
removes or adds material terms. Chisholm, 209 S.W.3d at 98 (quoting Vickrey, 532
S.W.2d at 292). A trial court may modify the terms of a settlement agreement as
long as the modifications do not add terms the parties have not agreed to,
significantly alter the original terms, or undermine the intent of the parties.
Wallace v. McFarlane, No. 01-10-00368-CV, 2013 WL 4507843, at *8 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 22, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.).
The “proper inquiry . . . is not a mechanical examination of whether the
divorce decree varies from the terms of the MSA. Rather the inquiry is whether
variances by the trial court significantly alter the parties’ written agreement in a
way that deviates from the parties’ intent as manifested in that agreement.” Davis
8 v. Davis, No. 01-12-00701-CV, 2014 WL 890899, at *9 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st
Dist.] Mar. 6, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.) If the decree adopts mechanisms to
enforce the parties’ agreement while remaining consistent with their intent, it is
enforceable. Id.
Because an MSA is a contract, we look to general contract interpretation
principles to determine its meaning. Loya v. Loya, 526 S.W.3d 448, 451 (Tex.
2017); TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 154.071(a) (“If the parties reach a
settlement and execute a written agreement disposing of the dispute, the agreement
is enforceable in the same manner as any other written contract.”). When
construing a contract, the court must ascertain the intentions of the parties as
expressed in the writing itself. Loya, 526 S.W.3d at 451 (citing Italian Cowboy
Partners, Ltd. v. Prudential Ins. Co., 341 S.W.3d 323, 333 (Tex. 2011)). The court
gives terms “their plain, ordinary, and generally accepted meaning unless the
instrument shows that the parties used them in a technical or different sense.”
Heritage Res., Inc. v. NationsBank, 939 S.W.2d 118, 121 (Tex. 1996). If the words
used in the written instrument can be given a certain or definite legal meaning or
interpretation, then it is not ambiguous, and the court will construe the contract as a
matter of law. Toler v. Sanders, 371 S.W.3d 477, 480 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st
Dist.] 2012, no pet.). Courts must enforce an unambiguous contract as written and
may not consider extrinsic evidence for the purpose of creating an ambiguity or
9 giving the contract a meaning different from that which its language imports. Id.
The parties do not argue that the MSA or decree are ambiguous.
B. Analysis
We address each exhibit in turn:
1. Exhibit A: Owelty of Partition Agreement
Edward contends that Exhibit A, an owelty of partition agreement, was not
contemplated by the MSA. Cynthia responds that the document is necessary to
effectuate the parties’ agreement. We agree with Cynthia.
Exhibit A, the owelty of partition agreement, is in accordance with the MSA.
The MSA approved and signed by the parties states that it shall “act as a shorthand
rendition of the terms of the parties’ agreement, and formal orders shall be
prepared consistent with the agreement.” In the MSA, the parties agreed that
Edward would pay Cynthia contractual alimony of $1,300,00.00, paid in monthly
installments for 120 months. The MSA states that the debt shall be secured by “an
owelty lien on the Tiki House . . . and a security agreement/note regarding
[Edward’s business] with UCC filing.”
The MSA contemplates the later creation and signing of ancillary documents
necessary to effectuate the parties’ agreement. The MSA states:
Execution of Documents. Each party shall agree to appear at a designated time for purposes of executing all documents necessary to effectuate the Final Decree of Divorce. Such documents shall include but not be limited to Special Warranty Deed, Deed of Trust to Secure
10 Assumption, Qualified Domestic Relations Orders, Quitclaim Deeds, Assignments of Escrow Funds, assignments of insurance coverage, utility deposits, certificates of title to automobile, power of attorney necessary to transfer automobile, signature cards on custodial accounts, stock transfer certificates, trust agreements, security agreements, collateral pledge agreements, assignments of interest, and other documents as reasonably necessary to effectuate the finality of this agreement.
The MSA also states that the anticipated documents necessary to finalize the
case include: “decree, POA on vehicles, Owelty Lien, UCC filings, promissory
notes for [$]1,300,000” Finally, the MSA includes that the debt of $1,300,00.00
will be secured by an owelty lien against the Tiki house and a security agreement
regarding Edward’s business with UCC filing.
The language of the MSA clearly shows that the parties intended that
additional documents would be drafted and signed by the parties in order to
effectuate their agreement for property division. The MSA was not a final
conveyance of any property.
Exhibit A merely restates and complies with the final decree language. The
trial court did not significantly alter the parties’ written agreement or deviate from
their intent as manifested in the MSA. Davis, 2014 WL 890899 at *9. The trial
court did not abuse its discretion in attaching Exhibit A to the final decree nor in
ordering Edward to execute it, as both were contemplated by the MSA.
We overrule Edward’s issue related to Exhibit A.
11 2. Exhibit B: Owelty of Partition Deed
Edward argues that Exhibit B was not contemplated by the MSA.
Specifically he argues that the MSA contemplated a lien of $300,000 rather than
$1,300,000 on the Tiki house. We disagree.
The parties clearly anticipated the possibility of two separate events
regarding the house: a lien against the house and the sale of the house. Each event
was tied to a different amount of money. The language in the MSA expressly states
that the “[d]ebt of $1,300,000.00 will be secured by an owelty lien on the Tiki
House . . . and a security agreement/note regarding [Edward’s business] with UCC
filing.” The MSA does not contemplate that that lien is in the amount of only
$300,000.
The only mention of $300,000 is in the last paragraph describing the parties’
agreement for contractual alimony. It states, “Should Ed Glynn sell [the Tiki
house], any sale proceeds of the house up to $300,000 will be applied to the
remaining amount of [alimony] debt.”
Exhibit B correctly states that a lien exists against the Tiki house in the
amount of $1,300,000. The trial court considered the parties’ arguments regarding
this provision at both the entry hearing and the post-trial motion hearing. The trial
court did not abuse its discretion in finding that Exhibit B states that the debt of
12 $1,300,000 will be secured by an owelty lien on the Tiki house as contemplated by
the MSA.
To the extent Edward argues that owelty of partition deed was not in
conformance with the MSA because it was not specifically listed in the MSA, the
exhibits did not need to be specifically listed in the MSA to be in conformance
with it. The MSA’s “Execution of Documents” section states that the parties will
appear to execute all documents necessary to effectuate the divorce. The section
states that the documents “shall include but not be limited to [various documents].”
This indicates the parties’ agreement to create and sign additional documents to
effectuate their agreement. Exhibit B is in “strict or literal compliance” with the
MSA. Chisolm, 209 S.W.3d at 98.
We overrule Edward’s issue related to Exhibit B.
3. Exhibit C: Real Estate Lien Note
Edward argues that Exhibit C erroneously applies 6% interest on Edward’s
financial obligation to Cynthia. Cynthia concedes that the exhibit is erroneous and
should not include interest on the contractual alimony as there was no agreement to
interest in the MSA. The exhibit also conflicts with the final decree which states
that the contractual alimony “shall bear interest at 0% percent per year . . . .”
At the motion for new trial hearing, the trial court ordered that Cynthia’s
attorney draft and circulate for entry a judgment nunc pro tunc to correct Exhibit C
13 and reflect that Edward’s $1,300,000 debt did not bear interest. The record does
not reflect that a judgment nunc pro tunc correcting this clerical error has been
entered.
We modify the judgment, specifically the real estate lien note attached as
Exhibit C to the judgment, to reflect that the contractual alimony bears no interest.
4. Exhibit D: Deed of Trust
Edward contends that the inclusion of Exhibit D, a deed of trust, in the final
decree was reversible error because it was not agreed to in the MSA and is “grossly
overly broad.” Specifically, he complains that its terms and conditions are contrary
to the express provision of the MSA.
As discussed, the parties intended that additional documents, other than the
MSA and decree themselves, would be drafted as necessary to effectuate the
agreement reached in the MSA. The MSA’s Execution of Documents section states
“Each party shall agree to appear at a designated time for purposes of executing all
documents necessary to effectuate the Final Decree of Divorce. Such documents
shall include but not be limited to . . . Deed of Trust to Secure Assumption . . . .”
The parties clearly contemplated that the deed of trust would be executed after the
MSA and incorporated in the final decree. Additionally, the body of the final
decree mentions that a deed of trust is to be signed to “further secure payment of
the debt” owed by Edward to Cynthia.
14 Edward argues that the deed of trust prohibits him from selling the Tiki
house without Cynthia’s permission and that it adds costs and attorney’s fees in the
event of default. In his motion for new trial he stated that the deed of trust
“contains numerous provisions, obligations, burdens and other impositions” that
were contrary to the MSA. He then highlighted the sections of Exhibit D that he
argued were erroneous.2 The “proper inquiry” of whether a divorce decree varies
from the terms of an MSA is whether the trial court significantly altered the
parties’ written agreement. Davis, 2014 WL 890899, at *9. The MSA states that it
is “the shorthand rendition of the terms of the parties’ agreement.” The deed of
trust and its specific terms are not in conflict with the MSA. The deed of trust is
necessary to effectuate the parties’ agreement regarding contractual alimony.
We overrule Edward’s issue related to Exhibit D.
5. Exhibit E: Security Agreement
Edward argues that the scope and breadth of the security agreement are in
conflict with the MSA. He argues that Exhibit E was incorrectly attached to the
final decree and that neither of the parties agreed upon it in advance.
2 Cynthia argues that Edward did not preserve this error for our review because his motion for new trial did not specifically explain his complaints regarding Exhibit D. While the body of his motion did not explain the specific provisions, he highlighted the provisions he believed were erroneous on the exhibit and submitted it as an attachment to his motion. The trial court was on notice of what specific provisions Edward was complaining of and thus, he preserved this issue for our review. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1. 15 Exhibit E, the security agreement, follows the MSA. The MSA states that
the debt of $1,300,000 will be secured by several instruments. These instruments
include “a security agreement/note regarding Integrated Systems Group Inc.
business with UCC filing.” The MSA also states that Edward will maintain a life
insurance policy with Cynthia as sole beneficiary for whatever amount is owed of
the $1,300,000.00 debt. According to the MSA, if Edward sells the business and
starts a new business while his contractual alimony obligation remains outstanding,
he will sign a security agreement regarding the new business. Finally, the MSA
states that the anticipated documents to be drafted include “UCC filings,
promissory notes for [$]1,300,000.” The purpose of these documents is to put
creditors and other third parties on notice of the debt. The parties agreed that
Edward would execute a security agreement regarding his business and the
contractual alimony obligation.
The trial court reviewed the exhibit at the entry hearing and through
Edward’s post-trial motions. The trial court did not err in deciding that Exhibit E
complied with the MSA and effectuated the parties’ agreement. Davis, 2014 WL
890899 at *9.
We overrule Edward’s issue related to Exhibit E.
16 6. Documents Attached to Final Decree of Divorce and Decree’s Command to Sign Them
Edward argues that the trial court abused its discretion in including closing
documents as Exhibits A through E to the final decree and commanding Edward to
execute them. We disagree. The MSA states that if there are drafting disputes, they
will be resolved according to the Texas Family Law Practice Manual. See M.B. v.
R.B., No. 02-19-00342-CV, 2021 WL 2252792, at *1 n.1 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
June 3, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op.) (stating MSAs often reference the forms
published in the Texas Family Law Practice Manual as a means of their reduction
to writing in a final decree). The final decree of divorce follows Form 23-1 from
the Texas Family Law Practice Manual. See State Bar of Texas Family Law
Section Council, Texas Family Law Practice Manual 166 (2020 ed.). The form
instructs the drafter to “include if applicable; in the form attached to this Final
Decree of Divorce as Exhibit [exhibit number/letter].” Id. The final decree follows
the Texas Family Law Practice Manual and is in strict and literal compliance with
the MSA. Chisholm, 209 S.W.3d at 98. The trial court did not abuse its discretion
by including the documents as exhibits.
Similarly, the form for the decree in the Texas Family Law Practice Manual
states: “[Name] is ORDERED to appear in the law offices of {name of attorney] at
[location], at [time] on [date], and to execute, have acknowledged, and delivered to
[name] these instruments: . . . .” Texas Family Law Practice Manual at 166. The
17 command language in the final decree is as suggested in the practice manual’s
form. The final decree states, “[Edward] is ORDERED to appear at County Court
2, 600 59th Street Galveston, Texas at 9:15 a.m. February 7,2020 and to execute,
have acknowledged, and deliver to [Cynthia] these instruments: . . .” The language
is in strict or literal compliance with the MSA. Chisholm, 209 S.W.3d at 98.
We overrule Edward’s issue related to the inclusion of the exhibits and the
command language to execute the documents in the final decree.
Wage Withholding
In his second issue, Edward contends that the trial court abused its discretion
when it ordered a wage withholding order to be issued for the purpose of enforcing
the terms of contractual alimony. Cynthia responds that Edward did not preserve
this issue for our review, but she does not object to removing this language from
the final decree.
The final decree states “Payment Procedures—All alimony payments, except
as provided otherwise, will be made by income withholding, personal check,
money order, or cashier’s check payable to [Cynthia].” At the entry hearing,
Edward’s counsel expressly stated that wage withholding was allowed by the
MSA. Edward did not specifically mention wage withholding in his motion for
new trial. Instead, he more generally stated that the court’s judgment
impermissibly imposed terms and conditions on him that were not part of the
18 MSA. His brief in support of his motion mentions the error of including wage
withholding.
We need not decide whether he preserved this issue for our review as
Cynthia reiterates on appeal that she has no objection to eliminating references to
wage withholding from the decree. She also proposed deleting wage withholding
in the proposed judgment nunc pro tunc.
We modify the decree to eliminate wage withholding as a means of
collecting the contractual alimony.
Conclusion
We modify the final decree of divorce, specifically the real estate lien note
attached as Exhibit C, to reflect that the contractual alimony bears no interest. We
also modify the decree to remove wage withholding as a means of payment for
contractual alimony. We affirm the trial court’s decree as modified.
Peter Kelly Justice
Panel consists of Chief Justice Radack and Justices Kelly and Landau.