Edna Adams Duncan v. Harold Lee Brown

CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedJuly 25, 2019
Docket09-17-00447-CV
StatusPublished

This text of Edna Adams Duncan v. Harold Lee Brown (Edna Adams Duncan v. Harold Lee Brown) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Edna Adams Duncan v. Harold Lee Brown, (Tex. Ct. App. 2019).

Opinion

In The

Court of Appeals

Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont

__________________

NO. 09-17-00447-CV __________________

EDNA ADAMS DUNCAN, Appellant

V.

HAROLD LEE BROWN, Appellee

On Appeal from the 284th District Court Montgomery County, Texas Trial Cause No. 15-10-11457-CV

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Defendant Edna Adams Duncan appeals the trial court’s denial of her motion

for judgment notwithstanding the verdict after a jury awarded damages to Plaintiff

Harold Lee Brown in this personal injury suit resulting from an

automobile/pedestrian accident. The primary issue on appeal is whether Brown

exercised due diligence in serving Duncan with the petition. The evidence presented

to the jury established that the accident occurred on October 30, 2013. Duncan 1 testified at trial that she was not served with this suit until June 2016. Duncan filed

an answer on July 11, 2016. Approximately four months later, Duncan filed an

amended answer and asserted a limitations defense arguing the claims were barred.

The jury found Duncan eighty percent liable for the accident and for Brown’s

injuries and awarded damages for past medical expenses and loss of earning capacity

sustained in the past. After the jury’s verdict was announced, Duncan made an oral

motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV) and informed the court

that she would be filing a written motion for JNOV. The trial court denied the oral

motion, later signed a final judgment in accordance with the jury verdict, and never

signed the proposed JNOV filed by Duncan. Duncan moved for a new trial, and the

motion was overruled by operation of law. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 329b(c). Duncan

appealed.

In one appellate issue, Duncan argues the trial court erred in denying her

motion for JNOV because Brown failed to exercise due diligence in serving the

petition on the defendant. Duncan contends that “the evidence conclusively

demonstrated that Brown did not serve Duncan until over seven months after the

limitations period expired and after a five-month gap of inactivity[.]”

2 Standard of Review

A trial court may disregard a jury finding and enter a judgment

notwithstanding the verdict if the finding is immaterial or if there is no evidence to

support the finding. Tiller v. McLure, 121 S.W.3d 709, 713 (Tex. 2003); Spencer v.

Eagle Star Ins. Co. of Am., 876 S.W.2d 154, 157 (Tex. 1994). We review rulings on

motions for a JNOV under the same legal-sufficiency test that we review no-

evidence summary judgments and directed verdicts. See Tanner v. Nationwide Mut.

Fire Ins. Co., 289 S.W.3d 828, 830 (Tex. 2009) (citing City of Keller v. Wilson, 168

S.W.3d 802, 823 (Tex. 2005)). Applying that standard, a no-evidence point will be

sustained when (1) there is a complete absence of evidence of a vital fact, (2) the

court is barred by rules of law or rules of evidence from giving weight to the only

evidence offered to prove a vital fact, (3) the evidence offered to prove a vital fact is

no more than a scintilla, or (4) the evidence conclusively establishes the opposite of

a vital fact. City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 810 (citing King Ranch, Inc. v. Chapman,

118 S.W.3d 742, 751 (Tex. 2003), and other cases). We view the evidence and

inferences in the light most favorable to the jury’s finding. Id. at 807. The test for

legal sufficiency is “whether the evidence at trial would enable reasonable and fair-

minded people to reach the verdict under review.” Id. at 827. In making this

determination, we credit favorable evidence if a reasonable factfinder could, and

3 disregard contrary evidence unless a reasonable factfinder could not. Id. So long as

the evidence falls within the zone of reasonable disagreement, we may not substitute

our judgment for that of the factfinder. Id. at 822. The trier of fact is the sole judge

of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. Id. at

819.

Statute of Limitations and Due Diligence in Perfecting Service

If a plaintiff files his petition within the limitations period, service outside the

limitations period may still be valid if the plaintiff exercises due diligence in

procuring service on the defendant. Ashley v. Hawkins, 293 S.W.3d 175, 179 (Tex.

2009); Gant v. DeLeon, 786 S.W.2d 259, 260 (Tex. 1990) (per curiam) (citing Zale

Corp. v. Rosenbaum, 520 S.W.2d 889, 890 (Tex. 1975) (per curiam)). Once a

defendant has affirmatively pleaded the defense of limitations and shown that

service was untimely, the burden shifts to the plaintiff to prove diligence in his

efforts to effectuate service. Ashley, 293 S.W.3d at 179; Proulx v. Wells, 235 S.W.3d

213, 216 (Tex. 2007) (per curiam). “Diligence is determined by asking ‘whether the

plaintiff acted as an ordinarily prudent person would have acted under the same or

similar circumstances and was diligent up until the time the defendant was served.’”

Ashley, 293 S.W.3d at 179 (quoting Proulx, 235 S.W.3d at 216). Although ordinarily

a fact question, a plaintiff’s evidence may demonstrate a lack of diligence as a matter

4 of law “‘when one or more lapses between service efforts are unexplained or patently

unreasonable.’” Id. (quoting Proulx, 235 S.W.3d at 216). The plaintiff has the burden

to explain every lapse in effort or period of delay. Id.

Hearing on Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction

On the morning of trial, before the parties began jury selection, Duncan’s

attorney e-filed a Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction arguing that the case

was barred by the statute of limitations and that Brown failed to exercise due

diligence in perfecting service of process. The trial court denied the motion on the

record, noting that the trial court had jurisdiction and the cases do not support a

dismissal based on a lack of jurisdiction.

Evidence Presented to the Jury

In Brown’s case in chief, Brown presented evidence about the accident, his

work history, his injuries, and medical care. 1 After the plaintiff initially rested, the

defense attorney made a motion for directed verdict arguing the plaintiff failed to

put on any evidence as to service or to establish due diligence. The trial court allowed

Brown’s counsel to reopen the evidence to put on evidence about the exercise of due

diligence and his attempts to serve Duncan.

1 For purposes of this appeal, we need not discuss this evidence as we limit our discussion to the evidence related to the issue of due diligence. 5 With respect to the issue of due diligence, the jury heard testimony from

Brown’s counsel and it received exhibits. At trial, Brown’s counsel testified that in

an earlier suit he filed on March 24, 2014, Duncan was served September 2, 2014,

and Duncan provided her deposition in that proceeding. Brown’s attorney explained

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Related

Proulx v. Wells
235 S.W.3d 213 (Texas Supreme Court, 2007)
Tanner v. Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance Co.
289 S.W.3d 828 (Texas Supreme Court, 2009)
Ashley v. Hawkins
293 S.W.3d 175 (Texas Supreme Court, 2009)
Tiller v. McLure
121 S.W.3d 709 (Texas Supreme Court, 2003)
City of Keller v. Wilson
168 S.W.3d 802 (Texas Supreme Court, 2005)
King Ranch, Inc. v. Chapman
118 S.W.3d 742 (Texas Supreme Court, 2003)
Gant v. DeLeon
786 S.W.2d 259 (Texas Supreme Court, 1990)
Zale Corporation v. Rosenbaum
520 S.W.2d 889 (Texas Supreme Court, 1975)
Spencer v. Eagle Star Insurance Co. of America
876 S.W.2d 154 (Texas Supreme Court, 1994)
NETCO, INC. v. Montemayor
352 S.W.3d 733 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 2011)

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Edna Adams Duncan v. Harold Lee Brown, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/edna-adams-duncan-v-harold-lee-brown-texapp-2019.