Edmond Lewis v. State of Arkansas

2020 Ark. 350, 609 S.W.3d 389

• Court: Supreme Court of Arkansas
• Decided: October 29, 2020
• Status: Published

Opinion

Cite as 2020 Ark. 350 SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS No. CR-20-297

Opinion Delivered: October 29, 2020 EDMOND LEWIS APPELLANT PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE V. HOWARD COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT [NOS. 31CR-14-23; 31CR-14-25] STATE OF ARKANSAS APPELLEE HONORABLE TOM COOPER, JUDGE

AFFIRMED.

COURTNEY RAE HUDSON, Associate Justice

Appellant Edmond Lewis appeals the trial court’s order denying Lewis’s pro se

petition for a writ of error coram nobis. In the petition filed in the trial court, Lewis alleged

that his guilty plea to three counts of commercial burglary was coerced by two police officers

who threatened to charge his wife in the pending criminal case. The trial court denied the

petition, finding Lewis had signed plea agreements and had testified during the plea hearing

that his plea was voluntary and was not coerced. The trial court further found that Lewis

had not been diligent in raising the issue of coercion. As Lewis has failed to demonstrate

that the trial court abused its discretion in declining to grant the relief sought, the order is

In 2014, Lewis entered a negotiated plea of guilty in the Howard County Circuit

Court in two criminal cases: 31CR-14-23 and 31CR-14-25. In case number 31CR-14-23,

Lewis pleaded guilty to one charge of commercial burglary and was sentenced as a habitual offender under Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-4-501(b) (Repl. 2006) to 360 months’

imprisonment. In case number 31CR-14-25, Lewis pleaded guilty to two additional charges

of commercial burglary for which he was sentenced as a habitual offender to an aggregate

term of 420 months’ imprisonment. The sentences in these two Howard County criminal

cases were to run concurrently with the sentences to be imposed for the multiple offenses

committed by Lewis in Sevier County.

The standard of review for an order on a petition for writ of error coram nobis is

abuse of discretion in granting or denying the writ. Pitts v. State, 2020 Ark. 7, 591 S.W.3d

786. An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court acts arbitrarily or groundlessly. Id.

There is no abuse of discretion in the denial of error coram nobis relief when the claims in

the petition were groundless. Osburn v. State, 2018 Ark. 341, 560 S.W.3d 774.

A writ of error coram nobis is an extraordinarily rare remedy. State v. Larimore, 341

Ark. 397, 17 S.W.3d 87 (2000). The function of the writ is to secure relief from a judgment

rendered while there existed some fact that would have prevented its rendition if it had been

known to the trial court and that, through no negligence or fault of the defendant, was not

brought forward before rendition of the judgment. Newman v. State, 2009 Ark. 539, 354

S.W.3d 61. The petitioner has the burden of demonstrating a fundamental error of fact

extrinsic to the record. Roberts v. State, 2013 Ark. 56, 425 S.W.3d 771.

The writ is allowed only under compelling circumstances to achieve justice and to

address errors of the most fundamental nature. Dednam v. State, 2019 Ark. 8, 564 S.W.3d

259. A writ of error coram nobis is available to address certain errors that are found in one 2 of four categories: (1) insanity at the time of trial, (2) a coerced guilty plea, (3) material

evidence withheld by the prosecutor, or (4) a third-party confession to the crime during the

time between conviction and appeal. Howard v. State, 2012 Ark. 177, 403 S.W.3d 38. Error

coram nobis proceedings are attended by a “strong presumption” that the judgment of

conviction is valid. Nelson v. State, 2014 Ark. 91, at 3, 431 S.W.3d 852, 854.

As stated above, Lewis argues that his guilty plea was coerced when two police officers

threatened to charge his wife. Lewis fails to disclose when and under what circumstances

the threat was made and whether there was a basis for any charges to be brought against his

wife. Lewis also contends that he discussed this threat with counsel who dismissed it as a

“grey area” that counsel did not want to hear about.

To prevail on a claim that a writ of error coram nobis is warranted because a plea was

coerced, the petitioner bears the burden of establishing that the plea was the result of fear,

duress, or threats of mob violence as previously recognized by this court as grounds for a

finding of coercion. Hall v. State, 2018 Ark. 319, 558 S.W.3d 867. This court has held that

to rise to the level of coercion to warrant issuance of the writ, allegations that a plea was

coerced must demonstrate the compulsion of a free agent by physical, moral, or economic

force or threat of physical force. Ramirez v. State, 2018 Ark. 32, 536 S.W.3d 614.

Lewis’s claim of coercion is unsubstantiated and is contradicted by Lewis’s

representations to the trial court that his plea was voluntary and not the result of any

coercion. According to Lewis, he chose to plead guilty because counsel did not consider the

alleged threat to be serious enough to negate the plea negotiations. A claim that a guilty plea

3 was the result of improvident advice from counsel is essentially an allegation of ineffective

assistance of counsel with the underlying claim that the plea was not entered intelligently

and voluntarily because of counsel’s advice. Griffin v. State, 2018 Ark. 10, 535 S.W.3d 26.

Such claims are not cognizable in coram nobis proceedings. Id.

Even if Lewis’s claim that he was compelled to plead guilty is substantiated, he has

not pursued the claim with diligence. This court has consistently held that due diligence is

required in making an application for coram nobis relief, and in the absence of a valid excuse

for delay, the petition can be denied on that basis alone. Makkali v. State, 2019 Ark. 17, 565

S.W.3d 472. This court will itself examine the diligence requirement and deny a petition

when it is evident that a petitioner failed to proceed diligently. Id. Due diligence requires

that (1) the defendant be unaware of the fact at the time of trial; (2) the defendant could not

have, in the exercise of due diligence, presented the fact at trial; and (3) upon discovering

the fact, the defendant did not delay bringing the petition. Mosley v. State, 2018 Ark. 152,

544 S.W.3d 55. Here, Lewis was clearly aware of the alleged threat when he pleaded guilty

and represented to the court that his plea was voluntary. Lewis did not disclose to the trial

court that he had allegedly been threatened to plead guilty, and Lewis has waited over five

years to raise this allegation in his petition for the issuance of a writ of error coram nobis.

Lewis has not offered any excuse for this delay. In sum, Lewis has failed to demonstrate that

he acted with due diligence in bringing his coram nobis claim.

HART, J., dissents. 4 JOSEPHINE LINKER HART, Justice, dissenting. Lewis’s claim of a coerced guilty plea

deserves an evidentiary hearing. Concluding otherwise, the majority points to the fact that

Lewis stated he was not acting under coercion or threats at the time he pled guilty. But

where one alleges coercion, that he submitted to the alleged coercion is not evidence that no

coercion ever occurred. Lewis’s whole point is that he made those statements and only pled

guilty only because of the alleged threats by the State against his wife. The majority also

points to Lewis’s failure to raise this claim for six years, but in my view, this issue would be

better addressed at an evidentiary hearing. Lewis’s petition alleges that his previous attorney

essentially shut down any pursuit of the coercion claim. That Lewis had been relying upon

advice of counsel would be relevant to any assessment of his diligence. In short, when one

alleges coercion at the hands of the State, there must be a fulsome hearing to determine the

truth of the allegations so to preserve the public’s trust in the judiciary and to empty any

concerns of impropriety. Accordingly, I would reverse for an evidentiary hearing.

Edmond R. Lewis, pro se appellant.

Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Michael Zangari, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.