Edgar Cardenas v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)

• Court: Indiana Court of Appeals
• Decided: December 4, 2020
• Docket: 20A-CR-1411
• Status: Published

Opinion

MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Dec 04 2020, 8:28 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Mark K. Leeman Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Leeman Law Office Attorney General of Indiana Logansport, Indiana Sierra A. Murray Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Edgar Cardenas, December 4, 2020 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 20A-CR-1411 v. Appeal from the Cass Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable James K. Appellee-Plaintiff. Muehlhausen, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 09D01-1710-F6-404

Najam, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-1411 | December 4, 2020 Page 1 of 7 Statement of the Case [1] Edgar Cardenas appeals the trial court’s revocation of his probation. Cardenas

raises a single issue for our review, namely, whether the trial court abused its

discretion when it relied on an affidavit that was based on hearsay in revoking

his probation. We affirm.

Facts and Procedural History [2] In September of 2018, Cardenas pleaded guilty to battery, as a Level 6 felony.

The trial court accepted Cardenas’s plea agreement and sentenced him to time

already served along with a probationary term of 852 days.

[3] In February of 2020, the State filed a notice of probation violation and alleged

that Cardenas had committed six new criminal offenses, including additional

counts of battery. The State attached to its notice the affidavit of Glenn L.

Wilson, an investigator for the Clinton County Prosecutor’s Office. According

to Wilson’s affidavit, Carter Albertson had reported to Frankfort Police

Department Officer Evan Hall that Cardenas had hit Carter with a wooden

baseball bat. Wilson’s affidavit also reported that Calee Albertson had reported

to Officer Hall that Cardenas had struck her across the face.

[4] At the ensuing fact-finding hearing on the State’s notice of probation violation,

the State called Officer Hall. Officer Hall testified as follows without objection:

Q . . . When you arrived who was the first witness that you spoke with?

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-1411 | December 4, 2020 Page 2 of 7 ***

A It would be Daniel and Heather Wynne.

Q And what did the Wynnes report to you when you arrived?

A . . . Daniel stated that he heard a female . . . yelling bloody murder [and] went down [the street a few houses] to check it out and saw a male get hit over the head by another male with a baseball bat.

***

Q Okay, thank you. And you just referenced a Mr. Albertson in this situation?

A Yes.

Q Okay when you first made contact what did you observe about him?

A . . . [H]e was holding his . . . I can’t remember what side of his head, but . . . said he had been struck by an object.

Q Okay, what did Mr. Albertson say happened . . . ?

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-1411 | December 4, 2020 Page 3 of 7 A He stated that Mr. Cardenas came upstairs where he was asleep and told him he needed to go downstairs with his sister. He stated that as soon as he got to the back porch he was hit in the back of the head or in the side of the head with an object. . . .

Q Okay, and did you also have a chance to speak to a Ms. Albertson?

A I did.

Q What is her first name?

A Calee.

Q And what is Calee’s relationship to . . . Carter Albertson?

A That would be his older sister.

Q Okay, and what if anything did Ms. Albertson indicate to you?

A . . . [S]he stated that . . . her and Mr. Cardenas . . . went to a gas station [and] on the way back he told . . . her that he was going to cause harm to her brother . . . . And she said you aren’t going to lay hands on my brother.

Q Okay, thank you. What physical observations did you make about Ms. Albertson?

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-1411 | December 4, 2020 Page 4 of 7 A . . . [T]here was redness to the side of her face.

A She stated . . . that [Cardenas] struck her [o]n the side of the face . . . .

Tr. at 18-21.

[5] Following Officer Hall’s testimony, the trial court found that Cardenas had

violated the terms of his probation by committing two acts of battery. In

reaching that conclusion, the court stated that it had taken judicial notice of

Wilson’s affidavit and that its conclusion that Cardenas had committed the two

acts of battery was based “on the testimony heard today and the Verified

Affidavit of Prosecutor Investigator Glenn L. Wilson.” Id. at 30. The court

then ordered Cardenas to serve the suspended portion of his original sentence.

This appeal ensued.

Discussion and Decision [6] Cardenas appeals the trial court’s revocation of his probation. As our Supreme

Court has stated:

“Probation is a matter of grace left to trial court discretion, not a right to which a criminal defendant is entitled.” Prewitt v. State, 878 N.E.2d 184, 188 (Ind. 2007) (explaining that: “Once a trial court has exercised its grace by ordering probation rather than incarceration, the judge should have considerable leeway in deciding how to proceed. If this discretion were not afforded to trial courts and sentences were scrutinized too severely on

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-1411 | December 4, 2020 Page 5 of 7 appeal, trial judges might be less inclined to order probation to future defendants.”). A probation hearing is civil in nature, and the State must prove an alleged probation violation by a preponderance of the evidence.

Murdock v. State, 10 N.E.3d 1265, 1267 (Ind. 2014).

[7] Cardenas asserts that the trial court abused its discretion when it admitted

Wilson’s affidavit into evidence and relied on it in its judgment. Trial courts

have broad discretion whether to admit or exclude evidence. Marshall v. State,

117 N.E.3d 1254, 1258 (Ind. 2019). Appellate courts generally review decisions

to admit evidence for abuse of discretion. Zanders v. State, 118 N.E.3d 736, 741

(Ind. 2019). “An abuse of discretion occurs when the decision is clearly against

the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances and the error affects a party’s

substantial rights.” Beasley v. State, 46 N.E.3d 1232, 1235 (Ind. 2016) (quotation

omitted).

[8] Cardenas has not met his burden to show reversible error. Wilson’s affidavit

identified what Officer Hall’s testimony on the notice of probation violation

would be. In particular, Officer Hall testified that Calee had said that Cardenas

intended to attack Carter that evening. Officer Hall further testified that Carter

had said that he was hit over the head with a bat shortly after following

Cardenas’s instructions to go downstairs. That evidence was sufficient to

support at least the State’s allegation that Cardenas had attacked Carter. And

Cardenas did not object to Officer Hall’s testimony.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-1411 | December 4, 2020 Page 6 of 7 [9] In other words, Wilson’s affidavit was merely cumulative to Officer Hall’s

testimony to the court at the fact-finding hearing. Reversible error cannot be

predicated upon the erroneous admission of evidence that is merely cumulative

of other evidence that had already been admitted without objection. Sibbing v.

Cave, 922 N.E.2d 594, 598 (Ind. 2010). We therefore cannot say that the trial

court abused its discretion in its admission of Wilson’s affidavit, and we affirm

the revocation of Cardenas’s probation.

[10] Affirmed.

Riley, J., and Crone, J., concur.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-1411 | December 4, 2020 Page 7 of 7