NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-4758-16T3
ED-GEL, LLC (d/b/a TRIMIX LABORATORIES, LLC),
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
KRS GLOBAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, INC.,
Defendant-Respondent. __________________________________
Argued April 23, 2018 – Decided August 14, 2018
Before Judges Sabatino and Ostrer.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Camden County, Docket No. L-4492-15.
Michael J. Confusione argued the cause for appellant (Hegge & Confusione, LLC, attorneys; Michael J. Confusione, of counsel and on the brief).
Robert S. Shiekman argued the cause for respondent.
PER CURIAM
Plaintiff ED-Gel, LLC, appeals from a trial court order
enforcing a settlement of its breach of contract action against defendant KRS Global Biotechnology, Inc. We conclude that
plaintiff's counsel had both apparent and actual authority to
enter into a binding settlement agreement. We therefore affirm.
Plaintiff alleged it owns intellectual property related to
erectile dysfunction treatments, and licensed defendant to
compound and sell some of its formulas. According to plaintiff,
defendant prematurely terminated the contract. Plaintiff sought
monetary damages for unpaid commissions, lost income, and the cost
of products that defendant received but did not pay for. Plaintiff
also sought a list of the prescribing physicians and patients who
received the medication, and related details.
The parties eventually filed cross-motions for summary
judgment. On the return date, counsel for the parties obtained
the court's permission to engage in settlement discussions rather
than oral argument. Plaintiff's managing member, Thomas J.
Harkins, Jr., was present in court. Defendant's principal was in
contact with counsel by telephone, as he was traveling.
What transpired thereafter is the subject of certifications
of defendant's counsel, Robert S. Shiekman; plaintiff's counsel,
James Herman; and Harkins. Brian Herman, who served as plaintiff's
co-counsel, did not file a certification.1 We note at the outset
1 For convenience, we refer to the Hermans by their first names, and mean no disrespect in doing so.
2 A-4758-16T3 that James and Harkins certified that their statements were "true
to the best of [their] personal knowledge and belief."
James asserted that a settlement was ultimately reached,
except regarding the method of payment, specifically, whether a
lump sum payment would be made within thirty days, or two payments
backed by a personal guaranty of defendant's president. James
reported the status of the negotiations to the court, which carried
the motion to a future date, awaiting word whether the final issue
was resolved. James stated that Brian and Harkins went to lunch
to celebrate the settlement. Meanwhile, he and Shiekman agreed
outside the courthouse there would be a single payment after
receiving a communication on the payment issue from defendant's
vice-president.
James said he prepared a draft written agreement "in
accordance with what I believed were the full and final settlement
terms" and forwarded it to Harkins and Shiekman for execution. In
addition to the monetary terms, it included a confidentiality
provision and a general release. Defendant's principal signed it
and transmitted payment, which James held in escrow.
Harkins refused to sign. He contended his attorneys pressured
him to settle. He admitted that he agreed at the courthouse to
the financial terms of the settlement. He stated, "After hours
of repelling my attorneys' incessant pressure, I accepted an offer
3 A-4758-16T3 from opposing counsel." However, "I did not consider acceptance
of price a complete agreement because I had other claims from my
lawsuit I expected my attorneys to argue for me."
He stated that he wanted his attorneys to secure defendant's
agreement to provide physician and patient information. He
acknowledged he did not bring it up at the courthouse, blaming
James for allegedly not telling him that he had to raise it then.
Harkins also contended a confidentiality provision was never
mentioned during the negotiations. Thus, he objected to its
inclusion in the agreement, as well as a general, as opposed to a
limited, release. He also objected to the "attorney advice"
provision on the ground that he did not have a full opportunity
to review and comment on the agreement.
Shiekman stated that he and plaintiff's counsel "reached
settlement terms resolving" the case; "the terms of the Settlement
Agreement were fully negotiated by counsel for the parties"; and
the "[t]he Settlement Agreement included three (3) material terms"
– which were, first, that defendant would make a timely payment
to plaintiff, defendant would execute the settlement agreement,
and plaintiff would do so as well. In a second certification,
Shiekman asserted that James's draft agreement "mirrored, exactly,
the settlement terms that were agreed upon in Court," although
Shiekman does not explicitly address the confidentiality or
4 A-4758-16T3 release provisions. He reiterated that the agreement included the
"three (3) material terms" just described.
In granting defendant's motion to enforce the settlement, the
trial court relied on Harkins's concession that he accepted an
offer of settlement, and the principle that an oral settlement
agreement can be enforceable. The court entered an order declaring
that James's draft settlement agreement was binding on the parties.
On appeal, plaintiff contends that the existence of a
settlement, and its material terms, were both genuinely disputed.
Defendant responds that both attorneys agreed they reached a
settlement, which the draft writing embodied.
Our system strongly values the settlement of litigation, and
we "'strain to give effect to the terms of a settlement wherever
possible.'" Brundage v. Estate of Carambio, 195 N.J. 575, 601
(2008) (quoting Dep't of Pub. Advocate v. N.J. Bd. of Pub. Utils.,
206 N.J. Super. 523, 528 (App. Div. 1985)). The burden to prove
a settlement agreement is borne by the party seeking to enforce
it. Amatuzzo v. Kozmiuk, 305 N.J. Super. 469, 475 (App. Div.
1997).
"On a disputed motion to enforce a settlement, as on a motion
for summary judgment, a hearing is to be held to establish the
facts unless the available competent evidence, considered in a
light most favorable to the non-moving party, is insufficient to
5 A-4758-16T3 permit the judge . . . to resolve the disputed factual issues in
favor of the non-moving party." Id. at 474-75. And, absent an
evidentiary hearing by the trial court, we review de novo whether
a binding settlement was reached. Cf. Henry v. N.J. Dept. of
Human Servs., 204 N.J. 320, 330 (2010) (stating that appellate
court reviews grant of summary judgment de novo, applying the same
standard as the trial court).
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-4758-16T3
ED-GEL, LLC (d/b/a TRIMIX LABORATORIES, LLC),
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
KRS GLOBAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, INC.,
Defendant-Respondent. __________________________________
Argued April 23, 2018 – Decided August 14, 2018
Before Judges Sabatino and Ostrer.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Camden County, Docket No. L-4492-15.
Michael J. Confusione argued the cause for appellant (Hegge & Confusione, LLC, attorneys; Michael J. Confusione, of counsel and on the brief).
Robert S. Shiekman argued the cause for respondent.
PER CURIAM
Plaintiff ED-Gel, LLC, appeals from a trial court order
enforcing a settlement of its breach of contract action against defendant KRS Global Biotechnology, Inc. We conclude that
plaintiff's counsel had both apparent and actual authority to
enter into a binding settlement agreement. We therefore affirm.
Plaintiff alleged it owns intellectual property related to
erectile dysfunction treatments, and licensed defendant to
compound and sell some of its formulas. According to plaintiff,
defendant prematurely terminated the contract. Plaintiff sought
monetary damages for unpaid commissions, lost income, and the cost
of products that defendant received but did not pay for. Plaintiff
also sought a list of the prescribing physicians and patients who
received the medication, and related details.
The parties eventually filed cross-motions for summary
judgment. On the return date, counsel for the parties obtained
the court's permission to engage in settlement discussions rather
than oral argument. Plaintiff's managing member, Thomas J.
Harkins, Jr., was present in court. Defendant's principal was in
contact with counsel by telephone, as he was traveling.
What transpired thereafter is the subject of certifications
of defendant's counsel, Robert S. Shiekman; plaintiff's counsel,
James Herman; and Harkins. Brian Herman, who served as plaintiff's
co-counsel, did not file a certification.1 We note at the outset
1 For convenience, we refer to the Hermans by their first names, and mean no disrespect in doing so.
2 A-4758-16T3 that James and Harkins certified that their statements were "true
to the best of [their] personal knowledge and belief."
James asserted that a settlement was ultimately reached,
except regarding the method of payment, specifically, whether a
lump sum payment would be made within thirty days, or two payments
backed by a personal guaranty of defendant's president. James
reported the status of the negotiations to the court, which carried
the motion to a future date, awaiting word whether the final issue
was resolved. James stated that Brian and Harkins went to lunch
to celebrate the settlement. Meanwhile, he and Shiekman agreed
outside the courthouse there would be a single payment after
receiving a communication on the payment issue from defendant's
vice-president.
James said he prepared a draft written agreement "in
accordance with what I believed were the full and final settlement
terms" and forwarded it to Harkins and Shiekman for execution. In
addition to the monetary terms, it included a confidentiality
provision and a general release. Defendant's principal signed it
and transmitted payment, which James held in escrow.
Harkins refused to sign. He contended his attorneys pressured
him to settle. He admitted that he agreed at the courthouse to
the financial terms of the settlement. He stated, "After hours
of repelling my attorneys' incessant pressure, I accepted an offer
3 A-4758-16T3 from opposing counsel." However, "I did not consider acceptance
of price a complete agreement because I had other claims from my
lawsuit I expected my attorneys to argue for me."
He stated that he wanted his attorneys to secure defendant's
agreement to provide physician and patient information. He
acknowledged he did not bring it up at the courthouse, blaming
James for allegedly not telling him that he had to raise it then.
Harkins also contended a confidentiality provision was never
mentioned during the negotiations. Thus, he objected to its
inclusion in the agreement, as well as a general, as opposed to a
limited, release. He also objected to the "attorney advice"
provision on the ground that he did not have a full opportunity
to review and comment on the agreement.
Shiekman stated that he and plaintiff's counsel "reached
settlement terms resolving" the case; "the terms of the Settlement
Agreement were fully negotiated by counsel for the parties"; and
the "[t]he Settlement Agreement included three (3) material terms"
– which were, first, that defendant would make a timely payment
to plaintiff, defendant would execute the settlement agreement,
and plaintiff would do so as well. In a second certification,
Shiekman asserted that James's draft agreement "mirrored, exactly,
the settlement terms that were agreed upon in Court," although
Shiekman does not explicitly address the confidentiality or
4 A-4758-16T3 release provisions. He reiterated that the agreement included the
"three (3) material terms" just described.
In granting defendant's motion to enforce the settlement, the
trial court relied on Harkins's concession that he accepted an
offer of settlement, and the principle that an oral settlement
agreement can be enforceable. The court entered an order declaring
that James's draft settlement agreement was binding on the parties.
On appeal, plaintiff contends that the existence of a
settlement, and its material terms, were both genuinely disputed.
Defendant responds that both attorneys agreed they reached a
settlement, which the draft writing embodied.
Our system strongly values the settlement of litigation, and
we "'strain to give effect to the terms of a settlement wherever
possible.'" Brundage v. Estate of Carambio, 195 N.J. 575, 601
(2008) (quoting Dep't of Pub. Advocate v. N.J. Bd. of Pub. Utils.,
206 N.J. Super. 523, 528 (App. Div. 1985)). The burden to prove
a settlement agreement is borne by the party seeking to enforce
it. Amatuzzo v. Kozmiuk, 305 N.J. Super. 469, 475 (App. Div.
1997).
"On a disputed motion to enforce a settlement, as on a motion
for summary judgment, a hearing is to be held to establish the
facts unless the available competent evidence, considered in a
light most favorable to the non-moving party, is insufficient to
5 A-4758-16T3 permit the judge . . . to resolve the disputed factual issues in
favor of the non-moving party." Id. at 474-75. And, absent an
evidentiary hearing by the trial court, we review de novo whether
a binding settlement was reached. Cf. Henry v. N.J. Dept. of
Human Servs., 204 N.J. 320, 330 (2010) (stating that appellate
court reviews grant of summary judgment de novo, applying the same
standard as the trial court).
As a threshold issue, we observe, that, strictly speaking,
the "certifications" of Harkins and James are not competent
evidence. Rule 1:4-4(b) requires the following language to precede
the affiant's signature: "'I certify that the foregoing statements
made by me are true. I am aware that if any of the foregoing
statements made by me are willfully false, I am subject to
punishment.'" Absent such a verification, a certification has no
evidentiary value. Pascack Cmty. Bank v. Universal Funding, LLP,
419 N.J. Super. 279, 288 (App. Div. 2011). Rather than follow the
Rule, Harkins and James certified that "the statements made herein
by me are true to the best of my personal knowledge and belief
. . . ." See Jacobs v. Walt Disney World Co., 309 N.J. Super.
443, 454 (App. Div. 1998) (stating that factual assertions based
merely upon information and belief are inadequate under Rule 1:6-
6). However, as defendant does not object to James's and Harkins's
certifications on this ground, we shall consider them.
6 A-4758-16T3 Even so, we discern no genuine dispute that James and Shiekman
reached an oral agreement in the courthouse, as supplemented
shortly thereafter with a resolution of the manner of payment
issue. The two attorneys agreed the draft that James forwarded
to Shiekman embodied their agreement, notwithstanding that neither
attorney expressly asserted that he agreed to a general, as opposed
to a limited release, and to a broad confidentiality provision.
Since the lawyers reached agreement, the dispositive issue
is whether James had authority to settle the case according to the
terms in his draft agreement. "[A]n attorney for a private party
may settle a lawsuit based on actual or apparent authority to do
so." Seacoast Realty Co. v. W. Long Branch Borough, 14 N.J. Tax
197, 202-03 (Tax 1994); see also Amatuzzo, 305 N.J. Super. at 475.
Actual authority may be express or implied. Newark Branch,
N.A.A.C.P. v. W. Orange Twp., 786 F. Supp. 408, 423 (D.N.J. 1992).
Implied authority exists when "an agent is authorized to do what
he may reasonably infer the principal desires him to do in light
of the principal's manifestations and facts as he knows or should
know them when he acts." Lampley v. Davis Mach. Corp., 219 N.J.
Super. 540, 548-49 (App. Div. 1987). "The focus is on the agent's
reasonable perception of the principal's manifestations toward
him." Newark Branch, N.A.A.C.P., 786 F. Supp. at 424.
7 A-4758-16T3 Apparent authority arises when "the client's voluntary act
has placed the attorney in a situation wherein a person of ordinary
prudence would be justified in presuming that the attorney had
authority to enter into a settlement, not just negotiations, on
behalf of the client." Amatuzzo, 305 N.J. Super. at 475; see also
LoBiondo v. O'Callaghan, 357 N.J. Super. 488, 497 (App. Div. 2003)
(stating that creation of apparent authority is based on "the
actions of the principal, not the alleged agent"). Thus, implied
actual authority depends on the agent's reasonable perceptions of
the principal's actions; apparent authority depends on a third-
party's perceptions.
James had actual authority to settle. We assume for purposes
of this appeal that Harkins did not expressly authorize James to
agree to a confidentiality provision or a general release, or to
omit a provision on physician and patient lists. Yet, James's
authority was implied. Harkins was present at the settlement
negotiations. He was aware James was negotiating with Shiekman,
and Harkins permitted him to do so. Although Harkins complains
that his attorney pressured him, he concedes that he relented. He
concedes that he approved the financial terms of the settlement.
He did not raise the issue of physician and patient lists during
the courthouse sessions, nor did he expressly impose any explicit
restrictions on the positions James took in his discussions with
8 A-4758-16T3 Shiekman. He also does not claim he raised any objection when the
attorneys informed the court that an agreement was reached, but
for the open issue as to payment terms. Thus, it was reasonable
for James to infer that Harkins gave him the authority to settle.
James also had apparent authority to settle. Regardless of
the pressure he may have felt, Harkins sent James to the settlement
negotiations with Shiekman. "In New Jersey it has been held that
sending an attorney to a settlement conference presumptively
establishes that the attorney has authority to settle . . . ."
Seacoast, 14 N.J. Tax at 204. Apparent authority may exist where
the principal "places the attorney in a position where 'a person
of ordinary prudence, conversant with business usages and the
nature of the particular business, is justified in presuming that
such agent has authority to perform the particular act in
question.'" Id. at 204-05 (quoting United States Plywood Corp.
v. Neidlinger, 41 N.J. 66, 74 (1963)). Harkins's presence at the
negotiations that James spearheaded would suggest to Shiekman that
James had the authority to reach a settlement.
In sum, a binding settlement was reached, which was embodied
in the written agreement that James drafted. The trial court did
not err in enforcing it.
Affirmed.
9 A-4758-16T3