Eagan v. Zoning Board of Appeals

568 A.2d 811, 20 Conn. App. 561, 1990 Conn. App. LEXIS 15
Connecticut Appellate Court·Decided January 23, 1990·No. 7802·Published·Cited by 33 cases

Opinion

Spallone, J.

The plaintiff appeals from the trial court’s dismissal of his appeal from the granting by the named defendant, the Old Lyme zoning board of appeals (board), of a zoning variance to the defendant Hugh E. O’Reilly (applicant).

The plaintiff contends that the trial court erred (1) in dismissing his appeal where the action of the board was illegal, arbitrary and an abuse of its discretion, and (2) in denying his motion to bring in evidence. outside the record challenging the adequacy of the notice of the hearings.

In February, 1987, the applicant applied to the board for a variance to construct a seasonal, single-family house on his property in Old Lyme. The submitted plans described a smaller lot with a shorter front yard setback than specified in the regulations for this R-10 residential zone.

After published notice, the board held a public hearing in April, 1987, at which the plaintiff, an abutting property owner, was heard. On May 5,1987, the board granted the applicant’s requested variance and published the required notice. The plaintiff appealed to the Superior Court, and the applicant was granted party status pursuant to General Statutes § 8-8. During the pendency of the appeal, the plaintiff filed a motion to introduce evidence outside of the record, challenging the adequacy of the notice to him of the public hearing. The court, Hendel, J., denied that motion.

After oral argument, the trial court, Flanagan, J., dismissed the plaintiff’s appeal in December, 1988. Following certification by this court, the plaintiff filed this appeal.

[563] I

The plaintiff first claims that the board was without power to grant the applicant’s variance because the applicant failed to meet his burden of proving undue hardship. The plaintiff argues that any hardship to the applicant was self-inflicted and arose from his failure to act on a previous grant of a special zoning exception. We disagree.

A variance is authority extended to the owner to use his property in a manner precluded by the zoning regulations. Burlington v. Jencik, 168 Conn. 506, 508, 362 A.2d 1338 (1975). A zoning board has the power to grant a variance if the variance will not substantially affect the comprehensive zoning plan and if strict adherence to the zoning ordinance would cause unusual hardship unnecessary to achieving the plan’s purpose. Pollard v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 186 Conn. 32, 38-39, 438 A.2d 1186 (1982); Aitken v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 18 Conn. App. 195, 204, 557 A.2d 1265 (1989). Proof of hardship is, therefore, a condition precedent to the granting of a variance, and such hardship must arise from the circumstances or conditions beyond the applicant’s control. Smith v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 174 Conn. 323, 327, 387 A.2d 542 (1978); Aitken v. Zoning Board of Appeals, supra, 205.

Appellate review of an agency decision is not a de novo adjudication and the court “is limited to a review of the evidence and reasoning the agency has placed on the record.” Kaeser v. Conservation Commission, 20 Conn. App. 309, 311, 567 A.2d 383 (1989). If the record reasonably supports the agency’s conclusions, the agency’s decision will not be disturbed. Frito-Lay, Inc. v. Planning & Zoning Commission, 206 Conn. 554, 573, 538 A.2d 1039 (1988); Burnham v. Planning & Zoning Commission, 189 Conn. 261, 266, 455 A.2d 339 [564] (1983). The burden of proof is on the plaintiff to demonstrate that the board acted improperly. Adolphson v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 205 Conn. 703, 707, 535 A.2d 799 (1988).

In this case, the trial court reviewed the record and found that the board properly considered the factors for granting a variance and articulated its reasons on the record. The application requested a variance for a use in concert with the comprehensive zoning plan. There was evidence that many houses in the immediate area of the applicant’s property were built on lots of the same size or smaller than the applicant’s and built with setbacks of the same distance as that proposed by the applicant. See Morningside Assn. v. Planning & Zoning Board, 162 Conn. 154, 162, 292 A.2d 893 (1972).

Further, the board found that the zoning regulations imposed an undue hardship on the applicant. The board stated that if strictly applied, the area zoning ordinance would render the applicant’s property useless, because it would be “impossible to locate a house of any size on the lot as far as the required setbacks in the regulation.” The plaintiff correctly states the law that a self-inflicted hardship cannot be proper ground for a variance. Pollard v. Zoning Board of Appeals, supra, 39; Spencer v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 15 Conn. App. 387, 390, 544 A.2d 676 (1988). The plaintiff relies on Farrington v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 177 Conn. 186, 413 A.2d 817 (1979), to argue that the applicant’s hardship is self-inflicted. In Farrington, the applicant was granted an extension of time on a special permit requiring that construction be completed within two years of its issuance. Id., 188. On appeal, the trial court held that the applicant’s own inaction during the term of the permit created a self-imposed hardship, which did not justify the decision of the zoning board to grant the extension. Id., 189-90. The plaintiff here claims that [565] because the applicant allowed a special permit granted in 1968 to expire without constructing a residence on his property, his inaction for nineteen years constitutes a similarly self-created hardship.

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Eagan v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 568 A.2d 811, 20 Conn. App. 561, 1990 Conn. App. LEXIS 15 (Colo. Ct. App. 1990).

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