STATE OF VERMONT
ENVIRONMENTAL COURT
} In re: E. Randolph Meadows Corporation } Docket No. 146-7-07 Vtec Planned Unit Development Subdivision } }
Decision and Order on Cross-Motions for Summary Judgment
Appellant-Applicant East Randolph Meadows Corporation (Applicant) appealed
from one condition imposed in a decision of the Development Review Board of the Town
of Randolph, approving its planned unit development subdivision. Appellant-Applicant
is represented by Robert A. Gensburg, Esq.; the Town is represented by Peter M. Nowlan.
Barnboard, LLC, an entity apparently related to Applicant which owns property involved
in a boundary adjustment affecting this proposal, entered an appearance as an interested
person through its agent Kenneth Balon, but did not file memoranda in connection with
the pending motions.
Applicant moved for summary judgment on at least Questions 2 and 3 of the
Statement of Questions: that is, whether the regulations require all service wiring to be
installed underground if the subdivision road will remain private. The following facts are
undisputed unless otherwise noted.
Applicant East Randolph Meadows Corporation owns an 18.98-acre parcel of land
located at 464 Route 14S in East Randolph. After a boundary adjustment between property
owned by Applicant and adjoining property owned by Barnboard, LLC, the project
property will be 19.1 acres in area. Applicant proposes to transfer the property to the
architect who designed the PUD, for its further development.
The proposed PUD is designed to include twenty-four detached, moderate-income
1 single-family residences, each on its own approximately quarter-acre lot. In addition, the
PUD is proposed to include one commercial lot1 ( 0.7-acre in size and with frontage on
Route 14), another lot containing the water plant serving the development, and two open
space parcels totaling about 9.25 acres in area. The portion of the site other than the house
lots, including the open space, the water system, and the PUD roadway and infrastructure,
will be owned and maintained by an association of the homeowners.
Access to the PUD from Route 14 is proposed to be by a single curb cut onto an
unpaved roadway no less than 20 feet in width. In the interior of the PUD the roadway
makes a T-shaped intersection, with one branch extending towards the south to a parking
area suitable for vehicles to turn around at the water plant. The other branch of the PUD
road extends towards the north to a 60-foot-radius cul-de-sac turnaround. The Owners’
Association will own, maintain, repair, and replace the PUD road and the other common
infrastructure on the site; Applicant does not propose that the PUD roadway will become
a town road. While the DRB has not made a formal decision pursuant to § 6.1 that the
Town’s acquisition of the proposed PUD road “is not in the public interest,” it has made
a finding that the proposed PUD road “will be owned and maintained by a common
ownership association.”
The proposal is subject to the Subdivision Regulations and to the Zoning
Regulations as they relate to PUDs. Although the regulations establish standards for
waiving otherwise-applicable provisions of the zoning regulations, § 3.5.5 (Zoning
Regulations), and of the subdivision regulations, §3.22 (Subdivision Regulations), no
1 Applicant’s statement of facts states that there will be no commercial improvements, but the site plan shows this commercial lot as part of the PUD. It is possible that this lot, which contains an existing barn, is the property that will be held by Barnboard, LLC. 2 This section appears to adopt by reference the standards for waiver found in former 24 V.S.A. § 4413(b), which is found in §4418(2)(A) of the present statute as amended
2 waiver appears to have been requested in the present case.
Section 6.1 of the Subdivision Regulations provides a preference or rebuttable
presumption in favor of the public ownership of subdivision streets; it provides that:
[a]ll improvements involving water, sewer, streets, etc., shall be the responsibility of the subdivider. All proposed streets and facilities shall be public except when it is the decision of the [DRB] that public acquisition of specific proposed streets is not in the public interest. In that event such proposed streets shall remain private and if there3 [sic] are required for plat approval the subdivider shall sign a covenant with the Town of Randolph regarding said streets. (Exhibit B of [the Subdivision] Regulations). Furthermore, said covenant shall become part of every deed of transfer within the proposed subdivision.
Section 6.2 of the Subdivision Regulations, entitled “Street System,” sets forth
standards for construction of new subdivision roads. The last sentence of § 6.2 provides
specifically that “[w]henever the words street or road, water or sewer line are used in this
paragraph, it [is] to be interpreted as meaning public street or road or water or sewer line.”
(Emphasis added).
The contested condition requiring that service wiring be installed underground was
based on another sentence in § 6.2 stating that “[a]ll service wiring shall be underground,
and shall be the responsibility of the subdivider.” This type of regulation “ensures that,
especially if the town might be asked to take such roads over in the future, such roads
would be constructed to adequate standards.” In re: Morris 7-Lot Subdivision (Appeal of
Kelley), Docket No. 71-4-07 Vtec, slip op. at 6 (Vt. Envtl. Ct., Nov. 26, 2007); and see In re
Shantee Point, Inc. 174 Vt. 248, 257 (2002). Accordingly, § 6.1 of the Subdivision
Regulations provides for the subdivider to sign a covenant not to later request the street
in 2004. 3 It is not clear whether this is simply a typographic error and should have been “these,” or if additional text is missing from this sentence.
3 to be taken over by the Town.
The recognized canons of statutory and ordinance construction apply to the
interpretation of a zoning ordinance. In re: Gregoire, 170 Vt. 556, 559 (1999). The Court
must give “effect to the whole and every part of the ordinance,” In re Stowe Club
Highlands, 164 Vt. 272, 279–80 (1995) (citation omitted), so that no language is surplusage,
In re Dunnett, 172 Vt. 196, 199 (2001), and so that the construction does not produce an
absurd result. See, e.g., Willard v. Parsons Hill Partnership, 2005 VT 69, ¶21, 178 Vt. 300,
308 (2005).
Reading the Subdivision Regulations as a whole, and giving effect to all sections, in
particular the final sentence of § 6.2, service wiring is only required to be installed
underground along public streets and roads. While § 6.1 creates a presumption that
subdivision roads will be public, it allows the DRB to determine that Town acquisition of
Appellant’s subdivision road is not in the public interest; similarly, §3.2 allows the DRB to
waive that requirement. Although the DRB has made a finding that the road will remain
private, it does not appear to have made the explicit determination that the Town’s
acquisition of it is not in the public interest. Nor has it been asked to consider or to rule on
a waiver under §3.2 of the Subdivision Regulations.
Accordingly, based on the foregoing, it is hereby ORDERED and ADJUDGED that
Appellant-Applicant’s Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED that service wiring
is only required to be underground along public streets and roads; the Town’s Motion is
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STATE OF VERMONT
ENVIRONMENTAL COURT
} In re: E. Randolph Meadows Corporation } Docket No. 146-7-07 Vtec Planned Unit Development Subdivision } }
Decision and Order on Cross-Motions for Summary Judgment
Appellant-Applicant East Randolph Meadows Corporation (Applicant) appealed
from one condition imposed in a decision of the Development Review Board of the Town
of Randolph, approving its planned unit development subdivision. Appellant-Applicant
is represented by Robert A. Gensburg, Esq.; the Town is represented by Peter M. Nowlan.
Barnboard, LLC, an entity apparently related to Applicant which owns property involved
in a boundary adjustment affecting this proposal, entered an appearance as an interested
person through its agent Kenneth Balon, but did not file memoranda in connection with
the pending motions.
Applicant moved for summary judgment on at least Questions 2 and 3 of the
Statement of Questions: that is, whether the regulations require all service wiring to be
installed underground if the subdivision road will remain private. The following facts are
undisputed unless otherwise noted.
Applicant East Randolph Meadows Corporation owns an 18.98-acre parcel of land
located at 464 Route 14S in East Randolph. After a boundary adjustment between property
owned by Applicant and adjoining property owned by Barnboard, LLC, the project
property will be 19.1 acres in area. Applicant proposes to transfer the property to the
architect who designed the PUD, for its further development.
The proposed PUD is designed to include twenty-four detached, moderate-income
1 single-family residences, each on its own approximately quarter-acre lot. In addition, the
PUD is proposed to include one commercial lot1 ( 0.7-acre in size and with frontage on
Route 14), another lot containing the water plant serving the development, and two open
space parcels totaling about 9.25 acres in area. The portion of the site other than the house
lots, including the open space, the water system, and the PUD roadway and infrastructure,
will be owned and maintained by an association of the homeowners.
Access to the PUD from Route 14 is proposed to be by a single curb cut onto an
unpaved roadway no less than 20 feet in width. In the interior of the PUD the roadway
makes a T-shaped intersection, with one branch extending towards the south to a parking
area suitable for vehicles to turn around at the water plant. The other branch of the PUD
road extends towards the north to a 60-foot-radius cul-de-sac turnaround. The Owners’
Association will own, maintain, repair, and replace the PUD road and the other common
infrastructure on the site; Applicant does not propose that the PUD roadway will become
a town road. While the DRB has not made a formal decision pursuant to § 6.1 that the
Town’s acquisition of the proposed PUD road “is not in the public interest,” it has made
a finding that the proposed PUD road “will be owned and maintained by a common
ownership association.”
The proposal is subject to the Subdivision Regulations and to the Zoning
Regulations as they relate to PUDs. Although the regulations establish standards for
waiving otherwise-applicable provisions of the zoning regulations, § 3.5.5 (Zoning
Regulations), and of the subdivision regulations, §3.22 (Subdivision Regulations), no
1 Applicant’s statement of facts states that there will be no commercial improvements, but the site plan shows this commercial lot as part of the PUD. It is possible that this lot, which contains an existing barn, is the property that will be held by Barnboard, LLC. 2 This section appears to adopt by reference the standards for waiver found in former 24 V.S.A. § 4413(b), which is found in §4418(2)(A) of the present statute as amended
2 waiver appears to have been requested in the present case.
Section 6.1 of the Subdivision Regulations provides a preference or rebuttable
presumption in favor of the public ownership of subdivision streets; it provides that:
[a]ll improvements involving water, sewer, streets, etc., shall be the responsibility of the subdivider. All proposed streets and facilities shall be public except when it is the decision of the [DRB] that public acquisition of specific proposed streets is not in the public interest. In that event such proposed streets shall remain private and if there3 [sic] are required for plat approval the subdivider shall sign a covenant with the Town of Randolph regarding said streets. (Exhibit B of [the Subdivision] Regulations). Furthermore, said covenant shall become part of every deed of transfer within the proposed subdivision.
Section 6.2 of the Subdivision Regulations, entitled “Street System,” sets forth
standards for construction of new subdivision roads. The last sentence of § 6.2 provides
specifically that “[w]henever the words street or road, water or sewer line are used in this
paragraph, it [is] to be interpreted as meaning public street or road or water or sewer line.”
(Emphasis added).
The contested condition requiring that service wiring be installed underground was
based on another sentence in § 6.2 stating that “[a]ll service wiring shall be underground,
and shall be the responsibility of the subdivider.” This type of regulation “ensures that,
especially if the town might be asked to take such roads over in the future, such roads
would be constructed to adequate standards.” In re: Morris 7-Lot Subdivision (Appeal of
Kelley), Docket No. 71-4-07 Vtec, slip op. at 6 (Vt. Envtl. Ct., Nov. 26, 2007); and see In re
Shantee Point, Inc. 174 Vt. 248, 257 (2002). Accordingly, § 6.1 of the Subdivision
Regulations provides for the subdivider to sign a covenant not to later request the street
in 2004. 3 It is not clear whether this is simply a typographic error and should have been “these,” or if additional text is missing from this sentence.
3 to be taken over by the Town.
The recognized canons of statutory and ordinance construction apply to the
interpretation of a zoning ordinance. In re: Gregoire, 170 Vt. 556, 559 (1999). The Court
must give “effect to the whole and every part of the ordinance,” In re Stowe Club
Highlands, 164 Vt. 272, 279–80 (1995) (citation omitted), so that no language is surplusage,
In re Dunnett, 172 Vt. 196, 199 (2001), and so that the construction does not produce an
absurd result. See, e.g., Willard v. Parsons Hill Partnership, 2005 VT 69, ¶21, 178 Vt. 300,
308 (2005).
Reading the Subdivision Regulations as a whole, and giving effect to all sections, in
particular the final sentence of § 6.2, service wiring is only required to be installed
underground along public streets and roads. While § 6.1 creates a presumption that
subdivision roads will be public, it allows the DRB to determine that Town acquisition of
Appellant’s subdivision road is not in the public interest; similarly, §3.2 allows the DRB to
waive that requirement. Although the DRB has made a finding that the road will remain
private, it does not appear to have made the explicit determination that the Town’s
acquisition of it is not in the public interest. Nor has it been asked to consider or to rule on
a waiver under §3.2 of the Subdivision Regulations.
Accordingly, based on the foregoing, it is hereby ORDERED and ADJUDGED that
Appellant-Applicant’s Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED that service wiring
is only required to be underground along public streets and roads; the Town’s Motion is
therefore DENIED. However, especially as the Town of Randolph has adopted on-the-
record procedures for its DRB, it is for the DRB in the first instance to determine whether
under § 6.1 the Town’s acquisition of Appellant’s subdivision road is not in the public
interest, or to consider any application for waiver that may be made under § 3.2.
The only provision of the DRB decision that was appealed is the condition
4 requiring the underground placement of service wiring. Accordingly, the decision remains
in effect except that the condition requiring the service wiring to be underground is
VACATED and REMANDED for any further proceedings as discussed in this decision. In
particular, the DRB may consider under § 6.1 whether Town acquisition of Appellant’s
subdivision road is not in the public interest, and may consider whether Appellant’s or its
successor Owners’ Association’s covenant with the Town, acknowledging that the road4
is to remain private, should be imposed as a condition. If any § 3.2 waiver application is
made in the remanded proceedings with regard to the underground placement of service
wiring, the DRB may address it as well.
This decision appears to dispose of all the issues in the Statement of Questions.
Accordingly, a judgment order is hereby issued, to be effective on December 18, 2007; if
Appellant believes that any issue remains under the heading of Question 1 of the Statement
of Questions, please advise the Court so that it is received5 by the Court in writing by 4
p.m. on December 17, 2007.
Done at Berlin, Vermont, this 10th day of December, 2007.
_________________________________________________ Merideth Wright Environmental Judge
4 The model covenant found in Exhibit B to the Subdivision Regulations lumps together public roads, public water service, and public sewer service. In an appropriate case, the terms of §§ 6.1 and 3.2 appear to allow the DRB to require a covenant solely with respect any one of these public facilities. 5 Permission is hereby given to fax this document, if necessary.