Cite as 2020 Ark. 386 SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS No. CR-20-197
Opinion Delivered December 3, 2020 DUSTEN BLAKE WARD APPELLANT PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE BENTON V. COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT; MOTION TO FILE SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEF; STATE OF ARKANSAS MOTION TO REINVEST APPELLEE JURISDICTION IN THE TRIAL COURT [NO. 04CR-17-2118]
HONORABLE BRADLEY LEWIS KARREN, JUDGE
AFFIRMED; MOTIONS DENIED.
JOHN DAN KEMP, Chief Justice
Appellant Dusten Blake Ward appeals the Benton County Circuit Court’s order
denying his pro se petition for writ of error coram nobis. He has also filed motions to
supplement his brief and reinvest jurisdiction in the circuit court. In the petition filed below,
Ward primarily alleged that his plea was coerced in that his counsel colluded with the
prosecution to mislead him regarding the length of the sentences imposed for the offenses
to which he pleaded guilty. The circuit court denied the petition, finding that it represented
an untimely petition for postconviction relief pursuant to Arkansas Rule of Criminal
Procedure 37.1 (2019). We deny Ward’s motions and affirm the circuit court’s denial of his
petition for writ of error coram nobis. I. Motions
We first address Ward’s motions. Ward filed his brief-in-chief on April 30, 2020, and
the State filed its brief on June 4, 2020. Ward’s reply brief was due fifteen days later, on June
19. On October 8, Ward attempted to file an untimely motion for extension to file a reply
brief, which was returned to him. On October 20, Ward filed the pending motion to file a
supplemental brief asking this court to allow him to file a substituted brief-in-chief that would
expand on an issue that Ward admits he had failed to fully explain in his argument on
appeal. Ward attached to his motion a substituted brief that has been tendered to this court.1
Ward’s motion to supplement his brief is untimely and is denied. Martz v. Felts, 2019 Ark.
297, 585 S.W.3d 675.
1 Ward alleges in his motion to file a substituted brief that the issue he failed to fully explain involved a claim of “withheld evidence” that Ward alleges was raised in the petition filed below. According to Ward, although he focused on the issue of his coerced guilty plea in his argument on appeal, the issue of withheld evidence “relates back” to his circuit court petition that included an attached letter from the victim retracting statements she made to investigators and prosecutors. The letter is undated but was notarized on the same day that Ward entered his plea. Ward’s arguments in the petition filed in the circuit court with respect to this alleged withheld evidence are unclear and appear to focus on mitigation rather than guilt. Accordingly, the circuit court did not address the issue in its order denying relief. We have said on numerous occasions that the failure to obtain a ruling below bars review of the issue on appeal. Brown v. State, 2017 Ark. 364. Furthermore, the record on appeal includes the hearing transcript of Ward’s plea. At that hearing, the victim was called by Ward’s trial counsel to testify at Ward’s plea hearing in which she asked the circuit court to withdraw the no-contact order and substitute it with a no-violence order. The victim did not retract her statements at that hearing and apparently did not raise to Ward’s trial counsel the concerns raised in the letter.
2 On November 17, Ward filed a motion to reinvest jurisdiction in the trial court in
which he asks this court to remand the matter to the trial court so that he could raise and
develop the issue of “withheld evidence” there.2 Ward’s motion to reinvest jurisdiction in
the trial court to raise an issue that was not properly raised or considered by that court is
likewise denied.
II. Facts
In 2018, Ward entered a negotiated plea of guilty to second-degree battery, aggravated
assault on a household member, and aggravated cruelty to a dog. At the same time, Ward
also pleaded guilty to violating the terms of his probation in connection with his convictions
in 2013 for two counts of possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver and
three counts of possession of drug paraphernalia. Ward was sentenced to an aggregate term
of 300 months’ imprisonment followed by a 180-month suspended imposition of sentence.
III. Writ of Error Coram Nobis
The standard of review for an order on a petition for writ of error coram nobis is
abuse of discretion in granting or denying the writ. Pitts v. State, 2020 Ark. 7, 591 S.W.3d
786. An abuse of discretion occurs when the circuit court acts arbitrarily or groundlessly. Id.
There is no abuse of discretion in the denial of error coram nobis relief when the claims in
the petition were groundless. Osburn v. State, 2018 Ark. 341, 560 S.W.3d 774.
2 In his motion to reinvest jurisdiction in the trial court, Ward again attempts to raise the issue of “withheld evidence” with respect to his error coram nobis petition. In this motion, however, Ward requests that the appeal in this matter be remanded to the trial court for a hearing and a ruling on the issue. 3 A writ of error coram nobis is an extraordinarily rare remedy. State v. Larimore, 341
Ark. 397, 17 S.W.3d 87 (2000). The function of the writ is to secure relief from a judgment
rendered while there existed some fact that would have prevented its rendition if it had been
known to the circuit court and that, through no negligence or fault of the defendant, was
not brought forward before rendition of the judgment. Newman v. State, 2009 Ark. 539, 354
S.W.3d 61. The petitioner has the burden of demonstrating a fundamental error of fact
extrinsic to the record. Roberts v. State, 2013 Ark. 56, 425 S.W.3d 771.
The writ is allowed only under compelling circumstances to achieve justice and to
address errors of the most fundamental nature. Dednam v. State, 2019 Ark. 8, 564 S.W.3d
259. A writ of error coram nobis is available to address certain errors that are found in one
of four categories: (1) insanity at the time of trial, (2) a coerced guilty plea, (3) material
evidence withheld by the prosecutor, or (4) a third-party confession to the crime during the
time between conviction and appeal. Howard v. State, 2012 Ark. 177, 403 S.W.3d 38. Error
coram nobis proceedings are attended by a strong presumption that the judgment of
conviction is valid. Nelson v. State, 2014 Ark. 91, 431 S.W.3d 852.
IV. Claims for Coram Nobis Relief
Ward contended in his coram nobis petition filed in the circuit court—and reiterates
his arguments on appeal—that his counsel conspired with the prosecutor to mislead Ward
with respect to the sentences for the offenses to which he agreed to plead guilty and that his
trial counsel acted in bad faith. According to Ward, he was misled into believing that the
sentences imposed after he pleaded guilty would correspond to the presumptive sentences 4 for those offenses. Ward points to the sentencing order that reflects an upward departure
from the presumptive sentence for each offense. Ward further alleges that his counsel
allowed the prosecutor to use invalid aggravating factors to increase his sentences, including
his previous convictions for felony offenses. Ward alleges that due to the errors of counsel,
his plea was not knowingly and voluntarily made. Finally, Ward argues on appeal that the
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Cite as 2020 Ark. 386 SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS No. CR-20-197
Opinion Delivered December 3, 2020 DUSTEN BLAKE WARD APPELLANT PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE BENTON V. COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT; MOTION TO FILE SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEF; STATE OF ARKANSAS MOTION TO REINVEST APPELLEE JURISDICTION IN THE TRIAL COURT [NO. 04CR-17-2118]
HONORABLE BRADLEY LEWIS KARREN, JUDGE
AFFIRMED; MOTIONS DENIED.
JOHN DAN KEMP, Chief Justice
Appellant Dusten Blake Ward appeals the Benton County Circuit Court’s order
denying his pro se petition for writ of error coram nobis. He has also filed motions to
supplement his brief and reinvest jurisdiction in the circuit court. In the petition filed below,
Ward primarily alleged that his plea was coerced in that his counsel colluded with the
prosecution to mislead him regarding the length of the sentences imposed for the offenses
to which he pleaded guilty. The circuit court denied the petition, finding that it represented
an untimely petition for postconviction relief pursuant to Arkansas Rule of Criminal
Procedure 37.1 (2019). We deny Ward’s motions and affirm the circuit court’s denial of his
petition for writ of error coram nobis. I. Motions
We first address Ward’s motions. Ward filed his brief-in-chief on April 30, 2020, and
the State filed its brief on June 4, 2020. Ward’s reply brief was due fifteen days later, on June
19. On October 8, Ward attempted to file an untimely motion for extension to file a reply
brief, which was returned to him. On October 20, Ward filed the pending motion to file a
supplemental brief asking this court to allow him to file a substituted brief-in-chief that would
expand on an issue that Ward admits he had failed to fully explain in his argument on
appeal. Ward attached to his motion a substituted brief that has been tendered to this court.1
Ward’s motion to supplement his brief is untimely and is denied. Martz v. Felts, 2019 Ark.
297, 585 S.W.3d 675.
1 Ward alleges in his motion to file a substituted brief that the issue he failed to fully explain involved a claim of “withheld evidence” that Ward alleges was raised in the petition filed below. According to Ward, although he focused on the issue of his coerced guilty plea in his argument on appeal, the issue of withheld evidence “relates back” to his circuit court petition that included an attached letter from the victim retracting statements she made to investigators and prosecutors. The letter is undated but was notarized on the same day that Ward entered his plea. Ward’s arguments in the petition filed in the circuit court with respect to this alleged withheld evidence are unclear and appear to focus on mitigation rather than guilt. Accordingly, the circuit court did not address the issue in its order denying relief. We have said on numerous occasions that the failure to obtain a ruling below bars review of the issue on appeal. Brown v. State, 2017 Ark. 364. Furthermore, the record on appeal includes the hearing transcript of Ward’s plea. At that hearing, the victim was called by Ward’s trial counsel to testify at Ward’s plea hearing in which she asked the circuit court to withdraw the no-contact order and substitute it with a no-violence order. The victim did not retract her statements at that hearing and apparently did not raise to Ward’s trial counsel the concerns raised in the letter.
2 On November 17, Ward filed a motion to reinvest jurisdiction in the trial court in
which he asks this court to remand the matter to the trial court so that he could raise and
develop the issue of “withheld evidence” there.2 Ward’s motion to reinvest jurisdiction in
the trial court to raise an issue that was not properly raised or considered by that court is
likewise denied.
II. Facts
In 2018, Ward entered a negotiated plea of guilty to second-degree battery, aggravated
assault on a household member, and aggravated cruelty to a dog. At the same time, Ward
also pleaded guilty to violating the terms of his probation in connection with his convictions
in 2013 for two counts of possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver and
three counts of possession of drug paraphernalia. Ward was sentenced to an aggregate term
of 300 months’ imprisonment followed by a 180-month suspended imposition of sentence.
III. Writ of Error Coram Nobis
The standard of review for an order on a petition for writ of error coram nobis is
abuse of discretion in granting or denying the writ. Pitts v. State, 2020 Ark. 7, 591 S.W.3d
786. An abuse of discretion occurs when the circuit court acts arbitrarily or groundlessly. Id.
There is no abuse of discretion in the denial of error coram nobis relief when the claims in
the petition were groundless. Osburn v. State, 2018 Ark. 341, 560 S.W.3d 774.
2 In his motion to reinvest jurisdiction in the trial court, Ward again attempts to raise the issue of “withheld evidence” with respect to his error coram nobis petition. In this motion, however, Ward requests that the appeal in this matter be remanded to the trial court for a hearing and a ruling on the issue. 3 A writ of error coram nobis is an extraordinarily rare remedy. State v. Larimore, 341
Ark. 397, 17 S.W.3d 87 (2000). The function of the writ is to secure relief from a judgment
rendered while there existed some fact that would have prevented its rendition if it had been
known to the circuit court and that, through no negligence or fault of the defendant, was
not brought forward before rendition of the judgment. Newman v. State, 2009 Ark. 539, 354
S.W.3d 61. The petitioner has the burden of demonstrating a fundamental error of fact
extrinsic to the record. Roberts v. State, 2013 Ark. 56, 425 S.W.3d 771.
The writ is allowed only under compelling circumstances to achieve justice and to
address errors of the most fundamental nature. Dednam v. State, 2019 Ark. 8, 564 S.W.3d
259. A writ of error coram nobis is available to address certain errors that are found in one
of four categories: (1) insanity at the time of trial, (2) a coerced guilty plea, (3) material
evidence withheld by the prosecutor, or (4) a third-party confession to the crime during the
time between conviction and appeal. Howard v. State, 2012 Ark. 177, 403 S.W.3d 38. Error
coram nobis proceedings are attended by a strong presumption that the judgment of
conviction is valid. Nelson v. State, 2014 Ark. 91, 431 S.W.3d 852.
IV. Claims for Coram Nobis Relief
Ward contended in his coram nobis petition filed in the circuit court—and reiterates
his arguments on appeal—that his counsel conspired with the prosecutor to mislead Ward
with respect to the sentences for the offenses to which he agreed to plead guilty and that his
trial counsel acted in bad faith. According to Ward, he was misled into believing that the
sentences imposed after he pleaded guilty would correspond to the presumptive sentences 4 for those offenses. Ward points to the sentencing order that reflects an upward departure
from the presumptive sentence for each offense. Ward further alleges that his counsel
allowed the prosecutor to use invalid aggravating factors to increase his sentences, including
his previous convictions for felony offenses. Ward alleges that due to the errors of counsel,
his plea was not knowingly and voluntarily made. Finally, Ward argues on appeal that the
circuit court erred by treating his coram nobis petition as a Rule 37.1 petition.
To prevail on a claim that a writ of error coram nobis is warranted because a plea was
coerced, the petitioner bears the burden of establishing that the plea was the result of fear,
duress, or threats of mob violence as previously recognized by this court as grounds for a
finding of coercion. Hall v. State, 2018 Ark. 319, 558 S.W.3d 867. Ward offers no evidence
that his plea was the result of duress or threats of mob violence.
A petitioner’s allegation that he or she was under duress when the plea of guilty was
entered by virtue of improvident advice from counsel constitutes an allegation of ineffective
assistance of counsel with the underlying claim that the plea was not entered intelligently
and voluntarily because of the advice provided by counsel. Pugh v. State, 2019 Ark. 319, 587
S.W.3d 198. Poor legal advice from counsel does not constitute a fundamental error of fact
extrinsic to the record that warrants issuance of the writ. Id. Error coram nobis proceedings
are not a substitute for proceeding under Rule 37.1 to challenge the validity of a guilty plea,
nor are the two proceedings interchangeable. Nelson, 2014 Ark. 91, 431 S.W.3d 852. The
allegations raised by Ward with respect to the voluntary nature of his guilty plea can only be
5 brought pursuant to Arkansas Rule of Criminal Procedure 37.1, not in a petition for writ of
error coram nobis. Griffin v. State, 2018 Ark. 10, 535 S.W.3d 26.
The circuit court’s ruling that Ward’s allegations should have been raised in a timely
petition under Rule 37.1 is a correct statement of law. Jefferson v. State, 2019 Ark. 408, 591
S.W.3d 310. The circuit court did not abuse its discretion when it treated Ward’s petition
as an untimely Rule 37.1 petition and denied it because the grounds raised in the petition
are distinctly covered by that Rule.
HART, J., dissents.
JOSEPHINE LINKER HART, Justice, dissenting. I dissent. The mere fact that Ward’s
allegations might state a claim for relief under Rule 37.1 does not preclude a potential claim
for error coram nobis relief.
Ward filed an error coram nobis petition in the circuit court alleging that his trial
attorney conspired with the prosecutor to mislead Ward into pleading guilty to crimes for
which he should not have pled guilty, i.e., a coerced guilty plea. The circuit court dismissed
Ward’s petition without a hearing, stating that Ward was actually arguing ineffective
assistance of counsel and that this claim was time-barred under Rule 37 of the Arkansas
Rules of Criminal Procedure. While it is true that Ward’s allegations could sound in terms
of ineffective assistance of counsel and that such claims are traditionally assessed under Rule
37.1, these allegations could also sound in terms of a coerced guilty plea, which is one of the
grounds this court acknowledges for the writ of error coram nobis. See, e.g., Howard v. State,
6 2012 Ark. 177, 403 S.W.3d 38. Rule 37 contemplates a time limit for filing a petition, but
our error coram nobis jurisprudence does not. See, e.g., State v. Larimore, 341 Ark. 397, 400,
17 S.W.3d 87, 89 (2000) (noting that “the time limits of a Rule 37 petition are not applicable
to a writ of error coram nobis”). Superimposing Rule 37’s timing requirements onto Ward’s
petition improperly limits the extraordinary writ of error coram nobis, and this court should
reverse the circuit court’s decision to do so here.
I dissent.
Dusten Ward, pro se appellant.
Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Rebecca Kane, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.