Duran v. Barrientos

Opinion

1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please see 2 Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. Please 3 also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated errors or other 4 deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does not include the 5 filing date. 6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

7 JOSE DURAN and SANDRA DURAN 8 Individually and as parents of LEROY 9 and ELMER DURAN,

10 Plaintiffs-Appellees, 11 v. NO. 30,074

12 JUANITA BARRIENTOS and 13 NEVADA GENERAL INSURANCE 14 COMPANY,

15 Defendants-Appellants.

16 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BERNALILLO COUNTY 17 Beatrice J. Brickhouse, District Judge

18 David Archuleta 19 Albuquerque, NM

20 for Appellees

21 Allen, Shepherd, Lewis, Syra & Chapman, P.A. 22 E. W. Shepherd 23 Loren D. Hatch 24 Albuquerque, NM

25 for Appellants 26 MEMORANDUM OPINION 27 FRY, Chief Judge.

1 Defendant Juanita Barrientos (Barrientos) appeals the district court’s order 2 denying her motion to dismiss based upon the district court’s alleged erroneous 3 reinstatement of Plaintiffs’ case pursuant to Rule 1-060(B) NMRA. We proposed to 4 reverse in notice of proposed summary disposition, and Plaintiffs have filed a timely 5 memorandum in opposition to our proposed reversal. After reviewing Plaintiffs’ 6 memorandum in opposition and remaining unpersuaded, we reverse the district court’s 7 order. 8 BACKGROUND 9 Before turning to the merits of Barrientos’ contention that reinstatement was 10 erroneous, we briefly review the proceedings below leading up to the contested order. 11 Plaintiffs filed a lawsuit on July 16, 2007, for injuries received in an automobile 12 accident occurring on July 17, 2004. [App. 2; RP 1-3] The statute of limitations 13 expired one day after the lawsuit was filed. See NMSA 1978, § 37-1-8 (1976). 14 Neither Barrientos nor Nevada General Insurance Company (“Nevada General”) was 15 served. [App. 2; RP 7] 16 On February 14, 2008, the district court dismissed the action without prejudice 17 for lack of prosecution and gave any party thirty days to move for reinstatement. [RP 18 6] See Rule 1-041(E)(2) NMRA (stating that the court on its own motion may dismiss 19 without prejudice an action “if the party filing the action or asserting the claim has 20 failed to take any significant action in connection with the action or claim within the 21 previous one hundred and eighty (180) days”).

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1 Nine months later, on November 18, 2008, Plaintiffs filed a motion to reinstate 2 the case. [RP 7] The motion does not give any reason for reinstatement but merely 3 states that Defendants had not yet been served and that counsel would be filing a 4 motion to file an amended complaint. [RP 7] On the same day, Plaintiffs filed a 5 motion for leave to file an amended complaint to include allegations against Nevada 6 General. [RP 14-19] 7 Three days later, without conducting a hearing, the district court granted the 8 motion to allow filing of the amended complaint and issued an order reinstating the 9 case. [RP 23-24] Defendants, who had yet to be served, had no notice of the motion 10 to reinstate. [App. 2] 11 Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on November 24, 2008, and Defendant 12 Nevada General was served shortly thereafter. [RP 27-30] Nevada General filed an 13 answer on December 17, 2008, including affirmative defenses based on the statute of 14 limitations and insufficiency of process. [RP 34-36] 15 On January 12, 2009, Nevada General filed a motion to dismiss claiming that 16 the case was erroneously reinstated pursuant to Rule 1-041(E)(2) because 17 reinstatement was sought more than thirty days after the case had been dismissed. [RP 18 48-52] Plaintiffs responded that the case was properly reinstated pursuant to the 19 district court’s inherent authority under Rule 1-060(B). [RP 56-63] They claimed that 20 Defendants were not entitled to notice of the reinstatement because they had not yet 21 been served. [RP 59-60] On April 30, 2009, the district court denied Nevada 22 General’s motion to dismiss, but it found that Nevada General had not yet had an

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1 opportunity to brief issues relating to reinstatement under Rule 1-060(B) and should 2 be allowed to do so. [RP 132] It then allowed the parties to brief the propriety of 3 reinstatement pursuant to Rule 1-060(B). [RP 132] 4 While Nevada General’s motion was pending, Plaintiffs continued to try to 5 serve Barrientos, but she could not be located. [See generally RP 96, 104, 143] 6 Nevada General appeared on behalf of Barrientos, and filed an answer on her behalf 7 on June 29, 2009. [RP 158, 160-162] Nevada General, on behalf of Barrientos, 8 asserted affirmative defenses of insufficiency of process and statute of limitations. 9 [RP 161] The district court denied Plaintiffs’ attempts to strike the answer and to 10 obtain default judgment against Barrientos. [RP 271-273] 11 Barrientos through her counsel filed a motion to dismiss claiming that the case 12 was never properly reinstated under Rule 1-041(E)(2) because reinstatement was not 13 sought within thirty days. [RP 230-232] Plaintiffs responded claiming reinstatement 14 was proper pursuant to Rule 1-060(B). [RP 251-254] Barrientos replied claiming in 15 part that reinstatement under Rule 1-060(B) was improper because Plaintiffs’ motion 16 to reinstate failed to satisfy any of the requirements for reinstatement under Rule 1- 17 060(B). [RP 257-261] She noted that Plaintiffs had failed to make any showing that 18 they met the criteria required under Rule 1-060(B) and that the court had failed to hold 19 a hearing to consider the Rule 1-060(B) requirements. [RP 258-261] 20 The district court denied Barrientos’ motion to dismiss. [RP 283] Barrientos 21 filed an application for interlocutory appeal seeking review of that order, and this

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1 Court granted the application and issued its notice proposing to summarily reverse the 2 district court. 3 DISCUSSION 4 Plaintiffs’ complaint could not be reinstated pursuant to Rule 1-041(E)(2) 5 because the motion to reinstate was not filed within thirty days of the order dismissing 6 for failure to prosecute. See Rule 1-041(E)(2) (providing that any party may move for 7 reinstatement of the case within thirty days after service of the order of dismissal). 8 Moreover, by the time Plaintiffs sought to reinstate, the statute of limitations had 9 already passed. Therefore, the only way for them to continue their lawsuit without 10 being subject to dismissal based on the expiration of the limitations period was for the 11 original case to be reinstated. See Bankers Trust Co. of California v. Baca, 12 2007-NMCA-019, ¶ 7, 141 N.M. 127, 151 P.3d 88 (filed 2006) (observing that when 13 reinstatement is denied, any new action is subject to the applicable statute of 14 limitations). In order to reinstate the case, Plaintiffs needed to seek relief pursuant to 15 Rule 1-060(B). See Meiboom v. Watson, 2000-NMSC-004, ¶ 19, 128 N.M. 536, 994 16 P.2d 1154. 17 The district court implicitly recognized the need to reinstate pursuant to Rule 18 1-060(B) when it allowed Nevada General the opportunity to brief the propriety of the 19 reinstatement pursuant to that rule. [RP 132] “We review the district court's ruling 20 on [the p]laintiffs' Rule 1-060(B) motion for abuse of discretion.” Meiboom, 2000- 21 NMSC-004, ¶ 29.

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1 In our notice of proposed summary disposition, we proposed to reverse the 2 district court’s denial of the motion to dismiss because there is no evidence that 3 Plaintiffs made the requisite showing to warrant reinstatement under Rule 1-060(B). 4 See Meiboom, 2000-NMSC-004, ¶ 19 (noting that reinstatement under Rule 5 1-041(E)(2) only requires a showing of good cause, but relief pursuant to Rule 6 1-060(B)(6) has a higher standard requiring the moving party to demonstrate 7 exceptional circumstances). 8 Rule 1-060(B)(1) allows a party to seek relief based on “mistake, inadvertence, 9 surprise or excusable neglect.” However, nothing in Plaintiffs’ motion indicates they 10 sought reinstatement due to these factors. [RP 7] See Kinder Morgan CO2 Co., L.P. 11 v. State Taxation & Revenue Dep’t, 2009-NMCA-019, ¶ 23, 145 N.M. 579, 203 P.3d 12 110 (filed 2008) (noting that the decision on whether Rule 1-060(B)(1) relief should 13 be granted “is to be decided on a case-by-case basis, and the outcome is fact 14 dependent” and acknowledging that in that case there was a showing of “lack of 15 prejudice to either process or parties” thus presenting sufficiently compelling 16 circumstances to warrant relief from the dismissal), cert. denied, ___ NMCERT ___, 17 ___ N.M. ___, ___ P.3d ___ (No. 31,424, Jan. 20, 2009). Plaintiffs claim that after 18 filing the motion to reinstate, the district court called counsel and informed him that 19 no hearing would be set on the motion because there were no adverse parties. [MIO 20 3] They then claim that counsel told the court over the phone that he had recently 21 taken over the case, and that former counsel had failed to serve Defendants or to

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1 include Plaintiffs’ children in the lawsuit. [MIO 3] At that point, the trial court 2 agreed to reinstate the suit. [MIO 3] 3 We are not persuaded that a short, apparently off the record, telephone 4 conversation with the district court is sufficient to establish the type of excusable 5 neglect required to warrant relief under Rule 1-060(B). Kinder Morgan CO2 Co., 6 L.P., 2009-NMCA-019, ¶¶ 12-14 (analyzing the meaning of “excusable neglect” and 7 noting that a district court may abuse its discretion in finding excusable neglect and 8 granting relief if there is “any evidence of prejudice to petitioner or to judicial 9 administration in this case, or any indication at all of bad faith” (internal quotation 10 marks and citations omitted)). As the district court made no record or took any 11 evidence as to whether prior counsel’s failures constituted excusable neglect before 12 reinstating the case, we are not convinced that the court even considered whether the 13 case presented the type of rare circumstances that would warrant relief. Id. ¶ 23 14 (acknowledging that although relief was appropriate given the showing in this case, 15 this result should “in no way . . . be considered an open door excusing attorney 16 neglect” and stating that “[w]e expect the circumstances in which this ruling applies 17 to be rare”). 18 In our previous notice, we also noted that Plaintiffs failed to make any showing 19 of the exceptional circumstances required for the district court to grant relief under 20 Rule 1-060(B)(6) for “any other reason justifying relief.” Resolution Trust Corp. v. 21 Ferri, 120 N.M. 320, 323, 901 P.2d 738, 741 (1995). Review of the record indicates 22 that Plaintiffs made no showing whatsoever in their motion to reinstate, much less the

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1 exceptional circumstances required for relief pursuant to Rule 1-060(B)(6). [RP 7] 2 See Meiboom, 2000-NMSC-004, ¶¶ 19, 33. Finally, we proposed to reverse because 3 there was nothing to indicate that Plaintiffs filed the motion to reinstate within a 4 reasonable time. See id. ¶¶ 22, 26 (holding that the plaintiffs failed to file their motion 5 within a reasonable period of time given that the Rule 1-060(B)(6) motion was filed 6 several months after the statute of limitations had expired, over a year after the 7 dismissal, and approximately three months after the plaintiffs learned that their case 8 had been voluntarily dismissed). 9 In their memorandum in opposition, Plaintiffs set forth the factors that are 10 necessary to warrant relief pursuant to Rule 1-060(B)(1) and claim that they were 11 entitled to relief because the facts in their case meet the criteria set forth in Kinder 12 Morgan CO2 Co., L.P. [MIO 6-7] 2009-NMCA-019, ¶¶ 16-20 (setting forth the 13 factors to be considered in determining whether to grant relief due to excusable 14 neglect which include: (1) the danger of prejudice to the non-moving party, (2) the 15 length of the delay and the potential impact of that delay on the judicial proceedings, 16 (3) the reason for the delay, and (4) whether the movant acted in good faith). While 17 Plaintiffs may be correct, the record shows that they failed to make this showing when 18 they sought relief from the district court and the district court failed to consider the 19 factors when it granted reinstatement. [RP 7, 24] 20 In addition, we are not convinced that, had the court considered the factors set 21 forth in Kinder Morgan, relief would have been warranted. [MIO 8] Given that the 22 statute of limitations had expired well over a year before the case was reinstated, we

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1 are not convinced that Defendants were not prejudiced by the reinstatement. See id. 2 ¶ 16 (noting that the non-moving party never argued it was prejudiced by the 3 reinstatement and holding that the Court could perceive of no prejudice in granting the 4 relief requested). 5 Plaintiffs claim that the limitations period had not expired at the time they filed 6 their amended complaint because Barrientos was absent or concealed within the State 7 and could not be located. [MIO 2-3] We do not consider this relevant to the propriety 8 of the district court’s reinstatement for two reasons. First, there is nothing to indicate 9 that Plaintiffs made any attempt to locate Barrientos before filing the amended 10 complaint. Therefore, they have no reason to suspect that she might not have been 11 more easily found if they had attempted to serve her at an earlier point before the 12 limitations period had expired. More importantly, there is nothing in the record to 13 suggest that the district court based its decision to reinstate the case on any 14 representations that Barrientos could not be located. Therefore, we decline to consider 15 this argument on appeal. See Campos Enters., Inc. v. Edwin K. Williams & Co., 1998- 16 NMCA-131, ¶ 12, 125 N.M. 691, 964 P.2d 855 (stating that “as a court of review, we 17 cannot review [the p]laintiffs' allegations which were not before the district court”). 18 In sum, we are not convinced that Plaintiffs have established one of the “very 19 few professional negligence circumstances that warrant Rule 1-060(B)(1) relief.” 20 Kinder Morgan CO2 Co., L.P., 2009-NMCA-019, ¶ 19. In their memorandum in 21 opposition, Plaintiffs also claim that remand is the proper remedy so that they may 22 introduce testimony regarding the actions of their former counsel and regarding their

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1 own diligence after their case was dismissed pursuant to Rule 1-041(E)(2). [MIO 9] 2 We decline to do so because these were matters that Plaintiffs needed to establish 3 before their motion to reinstate was granted. Their failure to do so warrants reversal 4 of the district court’s motion to dismiss. 5 CONCLUSION 6 For the reasons set forth herein and in our previous notice, we reverse the order 7 denying Defendants’ motion to dismiss. 8 IT IS SO ORDERED.

9 10 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Chief Judge

11 WE CONCUR:

12 13 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge

14 15 MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Judge