Dunne v. Dunne

148 Misc. 2d 136, 560 N.Y.S.2d 77, 1990 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 436
CourtNew York City Family Court
DecidedJuly 10, 1990
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 148 Misc. 2d 136 (Dunne v. Dunne) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New York City Family Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Dunne v. Dunne, 148 Misc. 2d 136, 560 N.Y.S.2d 77, 1990 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 436 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 1990).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

William P. Warren, J.

This court has before it a motion by the respondent brought on by order to show cause, seeking the following relief: (1) dismissing the summons, petition and writ of habeas corpus dated on or about March 26, 1990, for lack of personal jurisdiction and inconvenient forum; and (2) refusing to exercise jurisdiction or staying the summons, petition and writ of habeas corpus dated on or about March 26, 1990, due to inconvenient forum or simultaneous proceedings in Florida; or (3) in the alternative, directing petitioner to pay the travel, living and other costs, including attorney’s fees, to be incurred by the respondent and the infant child for traveling to New York from Florida and appearing in the within proceeding; and (4) waiving the disclosure of the present address of the respondent and/or child.

The essential facts for the purposes of this motion do not appear to be in dispute. The parties were married on December 10, 1988 in the State of Wisconsin. Their only daughter was born on May 5, 1989. The child lived with the parties in Virginia from May through July 14, 1989. At that time the respondent and the child moved to Florida. Sometime in August of 1989 the petitioner joined the respondent and the child in Florida where they remained until September of 1989, at which time they moved to New York. From September 1989 until March 22 or 26, 1990 the parties and the child lived in New York. On or about March 26, 1990, the respondent left the marital home with the child and traveled to Florida where she and the child presently reside at a location close to the home of her parents.

On March 26, 1990 the petitioner filed the instant petition for custody and a petition for a writ of habeas corpus. He appeared in court on March 26, 1990 pro se, and requested that the court sign the writ of habeas corpus. He claimed that his wife (the respondent) had removed the child from his home the day before and that he had no knowledge of either of their whereabouts. Petitioner did not know whether the respondent was in New York State or had returned to another jurisdiction. He thought that she might have gone to her parents’ house in Florida.

[138]*138After inquiring of the petitioner regarding any possible locations of the respondent and child, the court determined that since he did not know the whereabouts of the petitioner service of the custody petition by personal delivery would be impractical and therefore directed an alternative method of service. Service was to be made by (1) regular and certified mail to the respondent care of her parents’ residence in Florida, (2) regular mail to her last known address in Pomona, New York, (3) regular and certified mail to the respondent care of her last known employer, (4) to respondent by regular mail at the school in White Plains, New York where she had been attending.

Respondent now urges this court to dismiss the petitions. First, it is argued that this court does not have personal jurisdiction over the respondent due to the allegedly improper manner of service. She argues as follows. First, this is a custody proceeding brought under article 6 of the Family Court Act and therefore service of process outside of New York State does not establish personal jurisdiction. Second, assuming service could be made out of State, since it was not made pursuant to CPLR 308 (1), (2) or (4) and 313, it is defective. Third, if the proceeding was deemed one under article 5-A of the Domestic Relations Law (Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act) the petition is defective since the information required by Domestic Relations Law § 75-j (1) is not in the petition. Fourth, if article 5-A of the Domestic Relations Law applies, since the service by registered mail was made by petitioner and not someone "not a party” to the proceeding service is defective under CPLR 2103 (a).

Respondent is in error when she contends that this proceeding was commenced under article 6 of the Family Court Act and therefore out-of-State service of process is not authorized. Domestic Relations Law § 75-c (3) defines "custody proceeding” as: " 'Custody proceeding’ includes proceedings in which a custody determination is at issue or is one of several issues including any action or proceeding brought to annul a marriage or to declare the nullity of a void marriage, or for a separation, or for a divorce, but not including proceedings for adoption, child protective proceedings or proceedings for permanent termination of parental custody, or proceedings involving the guardianship and custody of neglected or dependent children, or proceedings initiated pursuant to section three hundred fifty-eight-a of the social services law.”

So long as this court has jurisdiction under section 75-d of [139]*139the Domestic Relations Law to make a custody determination then the type of service necessary to obtain personal jurisdiction would be governed by Domestic Relations Law §§ 75-e and 75-f. Section 154 of the Family Court Act is not applicable. It matters not whether one characterizes this proceeding as one under article 6 of the Family Court Act or pursuant to article 5-A of the Domestic Relations Law. Article 6 of the Family Court Act gives the Family Court jurisdiction to hear child custody matters, while article 5-A of the Domestic Relations Law sets up a uniform procedure for handling custody disputes. The Practice Commentaries by Professor Merril Sobie to section 75-c of the Domestic Relations Law (McKinney’s Cons Laws of NY, Book 14, at 297-298) provide: "In furtherance of Article 5-A’s basic purpose to rationalize custody proceedings and minimize interstate conflicts (See, section 75-b), the definitional section generally opts for broad interpretations. The intent is to encompass all private custody and visitation disputes and to include all persons who have or may have an interest in the litigation. * * * The most notable aspect of Subdivision Three, which defines 'custody proceedings’, is the inclusion of almost every type of private custody dispute, ranging from habeas corpus petitions to matrimonial proceedings, while excluding state actions such as child protective proceedings”.

It is clear from the language above quoted that the intention behind article 5-A of the Domestic Relations Law was to bring within its scope all custody proceedings brought in the State of New York. Of course, if both parties are residents of the State of New York many of the provisions of article 5-A are not applicable. However, in the instant proceeding, the respondent is physically present in the State of Florida and the petitioner is physically present in the State of New York. Clearly this state of facts brings this proceeding within the purview of article 5-A of the Domestic Relations Law. Therefore, service may be made out of State pursuant to the requirements of Domestic Relations Law §§ 75-e and 75-f.

Domestic Relations Law § 75-e establishes a standard of "reasonable notice and opportunity to be heard” to contestants in a custody proceeding. Domestic Relations Law § 75-f provides the method of notice to persons outside of the State and allows for receipted mail. No requirement for service under CPLR 308 (1), (2), or (4) is set forth as respondent contends in her second argument.

Third, respondent argues that no aifidavit was filed by [140]*140petitioner as required under Domestic Relations Law § 75-j.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
148 Misc. 2d 136, 560 N.Y.S.2d 77, 1990 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 436, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/dunne-v-dunne-nycfamct-1990.