COLLIER, C. J.
In Kirkman, et al. v. Vanlier, 7 Ala. Rep. 217, we. stated quite at large the grounds upon which Courts of Equity exercise jurisdiction in matters of account, and it is not necessary here to repeat them. In cases of agency, a more enlarged jurisdiction has sometimes been assumed. It has been said, that although an action at law will lie against one in whose hands money had been deposited to lay out in the purchase of an estate, or any other thing, yet a bill in equity may be filed against him, praying that he may lay out the money, upon the hypothesis that he is a trustee. And where an assignment is made to a factor, for sale, bills have been entertained, notwithstanding there is a clear remedy at law, if the principal had thought proper to proceed in that way. [See Scott v. Surman, Willes’s Rep. 405.] But Mr. Justice Story says, that the true [788]*788source of jurisdiction in such cases, is not the mere notion of a virtual trust; for then equity jurisdiction would cover every case of bailment. But it is the necessity of reaching the facts by a discovery — having jurisdiction for such a purpose, the Court, to avoid multiplicity of suits, will proceed to administer the proper relief. Hence, says he, a Court of Equity, under the head of discovery, will entertain a suit for relief in the case of a single consignment to a factor for sale. [1 vol. Com on Eq. 444-5; see also Halstead v. Robb, 8 Porter’s Rep. 63.]
In Russ v. Wilson, 22 Maine Rep. 207, the plaintiff set forth in his bill, that he had left with the defendant, an attorney at law, certain demands against different persons for collection, under an agreement that the defendant should apply the proceeds, when collected, to the payment of a note then held by the defendant against the plaintiff, and should account for the surplus, and avers that more than sufficient had been collected to pay the note, but that the defendant had failed to apply the same, or otherwise ac-' count for it: Held, that the plaintiff had a plain and adequate remedy at law, and his bill could not be entertained. And in Ashley’s Adm’rs and Heirs v. Denton, 1 Litt. Rep. 86, the Court said, that the jurisdiction of Chancery, exercised upon the ground of a trust, ought to be confined to the controlling of legal rights vested and remaining in trustees, created as such in some legal planner, and not extended to all cases of abused confidence.
In the present case, the object of the bill is not to recover damages of the defendant for having converted the note which the plaintiff left in his hands to be collected, nor is it to recover upon an allegation that the defendant has received the amount, or a part of it, due thereon. If the bill had been framed upon either of these hypotheses, we should be inclined to think it could not be entertained; for then the remedy would be plain and unembarrassed at law. In the first case trover, and in the second assumpsit for money had and received, would lie.
But the plaintiff does not elect to consider the acts of the defendant as a conversion, so as to divest his property in the note, and put him to an action at law for his indemnity. He insists upon his right to it as still continuing, notwithstanding it has been sued in the defendant’s name, and denies that he ever gave him a lien upon it, or authorised an appropriation of its proceeds to any amount. If the plaintiff never invested the defendant with any [789]*789intei'est in it, but merely deposited it with him to be placed in the hands of an attorney for collection, his right to it was not lost, by the form in which the suit was brought. This being the case he was certainly entitled to the fruit of the judgment, and should consequently be allowed to control it. This right, the defendant refused to concede, and we cannot very well conceive how the plaintiff could avail himself of it, unless equity should lend him its assistance.
In May, etal. v. Nabors, [6 Ala. Rep. 24,] it was alledged in the bill that N. left in tile hands of P. a promissory note, made by S. and W., for collection ; that P. afterwards transferred the same to M. for an equivalent paid him by the latter ; M. brought a suit against the makers in the name of N., for his use, and recovered a judgment against them. Afterwards N. filed a bill setting out the facts, alledging P’s insolvency and removal from the State, and praying that M. surrender to him all control over the judgment and the collection of the money ; and that M., his attorney, &c., be restrained from collecting the same. The allegations of the bill were sustained by proof, and the chancellor adjudged that the complainant was entitled, to the relief sought. This Court, on error, held, that as N. had never transferred his interest in the note, it was incumbent on M. to satisfy himself of P’s right to dispose of it, and that P’s agency did not authorise him. to transfer it. The decree was consequently affirmed. [See also Kirk v. Glover, 5 Stew. & P. Rep. 340.]
In the case cited from 6 Ala. Rep. the question of jurisdiction does not seem to have been made, or considered by the Court. The allegation of P’s insolvency could not have been regarded as essential; for if insolvency was necessary to confer jurisdiction, it should have been alledged that M. was in that pi-edicament. As to him N. would not have been remediless at law ; for if he had received the money due upon the judgment, it might have been recovered of him by an action for money had and received, if the transfer of the note by P. was unauthorized. The principle then,' which influenced our judgment in May, et al. v. Nabors, applies with all force to the case at bar.
We agi’ee with the chancellor, that the proof in the causéis so loose and unsatisfactory, that it is difficult to do exact justice between the parties. The witnesses are not, as to some of the facts they relate, sufficiently explicit as to time, &c., so that it can [790]*790not be known what was the extent of the complainant’s liability to Henry Dunn, when ho sold him the horses, &c., and how the price agreed to be paid for them was appropriated. It must however be remembered that the onus of establishing the indebtedness of the complainant to the defendant, Henry Dunn, devolves upon the latter. The bill is framed upon the hypothesis that the complainant never parted with his interest in the note, or in any manner pledged any part of its proceeds. This is not only denied by the answer of the principal defendant, but he sets up a contract between himself and the complainant, by which he was to be paid from the amount collected on the note what the latter was then indebted to him, and be allowed for subsequent advances for the complainant’s family. So far as the answer seeks to charge the complainant, it is affirmative, irresponsive to the bill, and must be proved by the party alledging it.
It is perfectly clear that the defendant has failed to prove his entire demand. There is no legal proof of the justness of the medical account, which he insists he has paid ; nor is the fact of payment shown otherwise than by an assignment of the account, by the person in whose favor it is stated. The testimony that the physician kept just accounts, (although he was dead) was not evidence to establish its correctness. [Nolley v. Holmes, 3 Ala. Rep. 642.]
It is proved by one witness, that the defendant, Dunn, informed him when the note was sent to an attorney to put in suit, that the complainant was indebted to him but ninety dollars.
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COLLIER, C. J.
In Kirkman, et al. v. Vanlier, 7 Ala. Rep. 217, we. stated quite at large the grounds upon which Courts of Equity exercise jurisdiction in matters of account, and it is not necessary here to repeat them. In cases of agency, a more enlarged jurisdiction has sometimes been assumed. It has been said, that although an action at law will lie against one in whose hands money had been deposited to lay out in the purchase of an estate, or any other thing, yet a bill in equity may be filed against him, praying that he may lay out the money, upon the hypothesis that he is a trustee. And where an assignment is made to a factor, for sale, bills have been entertained, notwithstanding there is a clear remedy at law, if the principal had thought proper to proceed in that way. [See Scott v. Surman, Willes’s Rep. 405.] But Mr. Justice Story says, that the true [788]*788source of jurisdiction in such cases, is not the mere notion of a virtual trust; for then equity jurisdiction would cover every case of bailment. But it is the necessity of reaching the facts by a discovery — having jurisdiction for such a purpose, the Court, to avoid multiplicity of suits, will proceed to administer the proper relief. Hence, says he, a Court of Equity, under the head of discovery, will entertain a suit for relief in the case of a single consignment to a factor for sale. [1 vol. Com on Eq. 444-5; see also Halstead v. Robb, 8 Porter’s Rep. 63.]
In Russ v. Wilson, 22 Maine Rep. 207, the plaintiff set forth in his bill, that he had left with the defendant, an attorney at law, certain demands against different persons for collection, under an agreement that the defendant should apply the proceeds, when collected, to the payment of a note then held by the defendant against the plaintiff, and should account for the surplus, and avers that more than sufficient had been collected to pay the note, but that the defendant had failed to apply the same, or otherwise ac-' count for it: Held, that the plaintiff had a plain and adequate remedy at law, and his bill could not be entertained. And in Ashley’s Adm’rs and Heirs v. Denton, 1 Litt. Rep. 86, the Court said, that the jurisdiction of Chancery, exercised upon the ground of a trust, ought to be confined to the controlling of legal rights vested and remaining in trustees, created as such in some legal planner, and not extended to all cases of abused confidence.
In the present case, the object of the bill is not to recover damages of the defendant for having converted the note which the plaintiff left in his hands to be collected, nor is it to recover upon an allegation that the defendant has received the amount, or a part of it, due thereon. If the bill had been framed upon either of these hypotheses, we should be inclined to think it could not be entertained; for then the remedy would be plain and unembarrassed at law. In the first case trover, and in the second assumpsit for money had and received, would lie.
But the plaintiff does not elect to consider the acts of the defendant as a conversion, so as to divest his property in the note, and put him to an action at law for his indemnity. He insists upon his right to it as still continuing, notwithstanding it has been sued in the defendant’s name, and denies that he ever gave him a lien upon it, or authorised an appropriation of its proceeds to any amount. If the plaintiff never invested the defendant with any [789]*789intei'est in it, but merely deposited it with him to be placed in the hands of an attorney for collection, his right to it was not lost, by the form in which the suit was brought. This being the case he was certainly entitled to the fruit of the judgment, and should consequently be allowed to control it. This right, the defendant refused to concede, and we cannot very well conceive how the plaintiff could avail himself of it, unless equity should lend him its assistance.
In May, etal. v. Nabors, [6 Ala. Rep. 24,] it was alledged in the bill that N. left in tile hands of P. a promissory note, made by S. and W., for collection ; that P. afterwards transferred the same to M. for an equivalent paid him by the latter ; M. brought a suit against the makers in the name of N., for his use, and recovered a judgment against them. Afterwards N. filed a bill setting out the facts, alledging P’s insolvency and removal from the State, and praying that M. surrender to him all control over the judgment and the collection of the money ; and that M., his attorney, &c., be restrained from collecting the same. The allegations of the bill were sustained by proof, and the chancellor adjudged that the complainant was entitled, to the relief sought. This Court, on error, held, that as N. had never transferred his interest in the note, it was incumbent on M. to satisfy himself of P’s right to dispose of it, and that P’s agency did not authorise him. to transfer it. The decree was consequently affirmed. [See also Kirk v. Glover, 5 Stew. & P. Rep. 340.]
In the case cited from 6 Ala. Rep. the question of jurisdiction does not seem to have been made, or considered by the Court. The allegation of P’s insolvency could not have been regarded as essential; for if insolvency was necessary to confer jurisdiction, it should have been alledged that M. was in that pi-edicament. As to him N. would not have been remediless at law ; for if he had received the money due upon the judgment, it might have been recovered of him by an action for money had and received, if the transfer of the note by P. was unauthorized. The principle then,' which influenced our judgment in May, et al. v. Nabors, applies with all force to the case at bar.
We agi’ee with the chancellor, that the proof in the causéis so loose and unsatisfactory, that it is difficult to do exact justice between the parties. The witnesses are not, as to some of the facts they relate, sufficiently explicit as to time, &c., so that it can [790]*790not be known what was the extent of the complainant’s liability to Henry Dunn, when ho sold him the horses, &c., and how the price agreed to be paid for them was appropriated. It must however be remembered that the onus of establishing the indebtedness of the complainant to the defendant, Henry Dunn, devolves upon the latter. The bill is framed upon the hypothesis that the complainant never parted with his interest in the note, or in any manner pledged any part of its proceeds. This is not only denied by the answer of the principal defendant, but he sets up a contract between himself and the complainant, by which he was to be paid from the amount collected on the note what the latter was then indebted to him, and be allowed for subsequent advances for the complainant’s family. So far as the answer seeks to charge the complainant, it is affirmative, irresponsive to the bill, and must be proved by the party alledging it.
It is perfectly clear that the defendant has failed to prove his entire demand. There is no legal proof of the justness of the medical account, which he insists he has paid ; nor is the fact of payment shown otherwise than by an assignment of the account, by the person in whose favor it is stated. The testimony that the physician kept just accounts, (although he was dead) was not evidence to establish its correctness. [Nolley v. Holmes, 3 Ala. Rep. 642.]
It is proved by one witness, that the defendant, Dunn, informed him when the note was sent to an attorney to put in suit, that the complainant was indebted to him but ninety dollars. Another witness testifies, that in the spring of 1842, (about the time the judgment at law was obtained,) he heard the same defendant say that his claim upon the note amounted to only two hundred dollars. These admissions of the defendant, taken in connection with the proof, forbid us to disturb the decree in the cause.
We will not consider whether the reference to the master was not prematurely made, and did not embrace at least one inquiry, that should have been made and considered by the Couj’t. The reference seems to have been acquiesced in by both parties, and could not now be objected to as irregular, if either party was inclined to complain of it.
The objection that it does not appear that the complainant demanded the note, or the control of the judgment,is notwell founded. It is clearly inferrable from the answer of Dunn, if not from [791]*791the testimony taken before the master, that the complainant had sought an adjustment, and that this defendant had refused to yield the right to the judgment, unless the complainant would extinguish the demand which the defendant set up against him.
The bill is not for a discovery merely, but it is for relief also, and should not have been dismissed, because its allegations were denied by the answer of the defendant Dunn. It is competent for the complainant to make out his case by evidence ; and the assumption that the allegata and probata do not correspond, can not be supported.
In respect to the questionof costs, it sufficiently appears from what'has been said, that the defendant was not free from fault, and we can not say that he has been improperly taxed with a part of the costs.
Our conclusion, from a view of the entire case, is, that the decree must be affirmed, with costs.