Duff v. United States Gypsum Co.

U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Northern Ohio

Duff v. United States Gypsum Co.

189 F. 234, 1911 U.S. App. LEXIS 5256

CourtU.S. Circuit Court for the District of Northern Ohio

DecidedJanuary 4, 1911

DocketNo. 2,184

StatusPublished

Cited by1 cases

This text of 189 F. 234 (Duff v. United States Gypsum Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Northern Ohio primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook

Duff v. United States Gypsum Co., 189 F. 234, 1911 U.S. App. LEXIS 5256 (circtndoh 1911).

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Opinion

KILLITS, District Judge.

The defendant demurs to the petition upon the grounds: (1) That the petition states no cause of action. (2) That the cause of action, if any, is barred by the statute of limitations. The facts briefly are as follows: The parties owned gypsum mines adjacent to each other and near Sandusky Bay. The defendant, in mining its property, broke into the waters of Sandusky Bay, which fact caused its mine to flood, and the waters thereafter, slowly percolating between the partition between its mine and the mine of the Consumers’ Company, flowed into and destroyed the latter property.

[1] We have no doubt, following the authorities cited by the defendant, that, if the facts showed that the bringing of the waters of Sandusky Bay into the mine of the defendant was the result of a natural and reasonable course of mining, there could be no com[235]*235plaint against the defendant by the plaintiff. This proposition seems obvious when we consider that no duty devolved upon the defendant to maintain its mine as a barrier between tlic waters of the bay and the mine of the plaintiff, Cor the reason that a controversy otherwise would alwajas remain as to how much of the mine of the defendant should remain untouched and be left as a barrier, depending itpon the character of the fissures and natural courses of percolation between the bay and the excavation the defendant might make. If it had a duty to maintain a barrier of any kind of gypsum between its excavation and the hay, so that the waters of the hay might not flow through its excavation into the mine of the plaintiff, liow wide should that barrier he? It seems to us that the mere putting of the question suggests that no such duty existed, and that it had the right, under the authorities, to which the court has been referred, in England and in this country, to mine all of its property profitable to be mined, provided it operated in a reasonable and natural way, no matter what the consequences might be to its neighbor.

But the form of the allegation in the petition in this case does not permit us to assume that the mining of the defendant, resulting in the intrusion of the waters of the bay, was of this character. To be sure, the averment is not directly that defendant carelessly and negligently excavated its tunnels in the direction of Sandusky Bay, but the whole averment in that behalf, namely, “On or about the 24th day of March, A. D. 1904, said defendant so carelessly and negligently extended said tunnels in the direction of said Sandusky Bay that it struck the waters of said bay, and thereupon said waters rushed in and completely Hooded said mine,” leads inevitably to the conclusion that the act was the result of want of reasonable foresight. In so deciding, we are not moved so much by the terms in which the averment is couched as by the fact which the averment sets forth, namely, that, as a result of the tunneling, the waters rushed in, for it would seem that common prudence and ordinary intelligence in driving- a tunnel would have arrived at a warning of such catastrophe in ample time to have ceased operations and so to have avoided it. Therefore, without commending the pleading in that behalf, we feel that, as against a general demurrer, it is sufficient.

[2] Upon the second ground of the demurrer, it is the opinion of the court that the merits are with the defendant. If the mining of the defendant was without negligence, and the resultant flooding was but the effect of mining in a prudent and natural way in an attempt to exhaust the resources of the mine, then, under the authorities to which we have referred, there is no cause of action. It is only where some active negligence intervenes, either of commission or omission, that a cause of action arises, and, inevitably, from the facts of this case as pleaded in the petition, that active negligence is of the date of March-24, 1904. Then, and then only, it seems to us a cause of action accrued to the Consumers’ Gypsum Company, and, under the statute-of limitations of the state of -Ohio applicable to this sort of case, suit must have been brought within four years from such date. It was not brought until the 29th of November, 1909, or more than five-year s thereafter.

[236]*236We think that the cases of National Copper Company v. Minnesota Mining Co., 57 Mich. 83, 23 N. W. 781, 58 Am. Rep. 333, Williams v. Pomeroy, 37 Ohio St. 583, and Gillette v. Tucker, 67 Ohio St. 106, 65 N. E. 865, 93 Am. St. Rep. 639, the dissenting opinion of which has become the law of the state (see McArthur v. Bowers, 72 Ohio St. 656, 76 N. E. 1128), compel this view which we entertain of the operation of the statute of limitations.

The demurrer on the second ground is sustained with exceptions to the plaintiff.

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KILLITS, District Judge.

The defendant demurs to the petition upon the grounds: (1) That the petition states no cause of action. (2) That the cause of action, if any, is barred by the statute of limitations. The facts briefly are as follows: The parties owned gypsum mines adjacent to each other and near Sandusky Bay. The defendant, in mining its property, broke into the waters of Sandusky Bay, which fact caused its mine to flood, and the waters thereafter, slowly percolating between the partition between its mine and the mine of the Consumers’ Company, flowed into and destroyed the latter property.

[1] We have no doubt, following the authorities cited by the defendant, that, if the facts showed that the bringing of the waters of Sandusky Bay into the mine of the defendant was the result of a natural and reasonable course of mining, there could be no com[235]*235plaint against the defendant by the plaintiff. This proposition seems obvious when we consider that no duty devolved upon the defendant to maintain its mine as a barrier between tlic waters of the bay and the mine of the plaintiff, Cor the reason that a controversy otherwise would alwajas remain as to how much of the mine of the defendant should remain untouched and be left as a barrier, depending itpon the character of the fissures and natural courses of percolation between the bay and the excavation the defendant might make. If it had a duty to maintain a barrier of any kind of gypsum between its excavation and the hay, so that the waters of the hay might not flow through its excavation into the mine of the plaintiff, liow wide should that barrier he? It seems to us that the mere putting of the question suggests that no such duty existed, and that it had the right, under the authorities, to which the court has been referred, in England and in this country, to mine all of its property profitable to be mined, provided it operated in a reasonable and natural way, no matter what the consequences might be to its neighbor.

But the form of the allegation in the petition in this case does not permit us to assume that the mining of the defendant, resulting in the intrusion of the waters of the bay, was of this character. To be sure, the averment is not directly that defendant carelessly and negligently excavated its tunnels in the direction of Sandusky Bay, but the whole averment in that behalf, namely, “On or about the 24th day of March, A. D. 1904, said defendant so carelessly and negligently extended said tunnels in the direction of said Sandusky Bay that it struck the waters of said bay, and thereupon said waters rushed in and completely Hooded said mine,” leads inevitably to the conclusion that the act was the result of want of reasonable foresight. In so deciding, we are not moved so much by the terms in which the averment is couched as by the fact which the averment sets forth, namely, that, as a result of the tunneling, the waters rushed in, for it would seem that common prudence and ordinary intelligence in driving- a tunnel would have arrived at a warning of such catastrophe in ample time to have ceased operations and so to have avoided it. Therefore, without commending the pleading in that behalf, we feel that, as against a general demurrer, it is sufficient.

[2] Upon the second ground of the demurrer, it is the opinion of the court that the merits are with the defendant. If the mining of the defendant was without negligence, and the resultant flooding was but the effect of mining in a prudent and natural way in an attempt to exhaust the resources of the mine, then, under the authorities to which we have referred, there is no cause of action. It is only where some active negligence intervenes, either of commission or omission, that a cause of action arises, and, inevitably, from the facts of this case as pleaded in the petition, that active negligence is of the date of March-24, 1904. Then, and then only, it seems to us a cause of action accrued to the Consumers’ Gypsum Company, and, under the statute-of limitations of the state of -Ohio applicable to this sort of case, suit must have been brought within four years from such date. It was not brought until the 29th of November, 1909, or more than five-year s thereafter.

[236]*236We think that the cases of National Copper Company v. Minnesota Mining Co., 57 Mich. 83, 23 N. W. 781, 58 Am. Rep. 333, Williams v. Pomeroy, 37 Ohio St. 583, and Gillette v. Tucker, 67 Ohio St. 106, 65 N. E. 865, 93 Am. St. Rep. 639, the dissenting opinion of which has become the law of the state (see McArthur v. Bowers, 72 Ohio St. 656, 76 N. E. 1128), compel this view which we entertain of the operation of the statute of limitations.

The demurrer on the second ground is sustained with exceptions to the plaintiff.

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