Order, Supreme Court, New York County (Melvin L. Schweitzer, J.), entered May 30, 2014, which granted defendant’s motion to dismiss the complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (1) and (7), affirmed, with costs.
Plaintiff Alexander Klein, a sophisticated real estate investor, obtained a loan from defendant in the amount of $3,350,000, secured by a mortgage on a condominium owned by plaintiff DRMAK Realty LLC, an entity controlled by Klein. The loan carried an annual interest rate of 7.5% with an initial interest payment of $16,052.16, due upon execution. The failure to make a payment within 10 days after its due date constituted a default. Following any such default, the annual interest rate increased to the lower of 16% or the maximum allowed by law, and defendant could charge an additional late fee of 5% of each overdue payment. The mortgage also provided that defendant was entitled to costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, for foreclosing on the mortgage in the event of a default or failure to make payment.
Klein defaulted on the loan several times, and defendant commenced two foreclosure actions. Defendant discontinued the first foreclosure action, reinstated the loan, and reset the interest rate to the non-default rate of 7.5% after Klein paid the arrears. Defendant commenced a second foreclosure action in November 2012, although Klein claims he was never served with a summons and complaint.
[402]*402In mid-2013, Klein sought to settle the loan and refinance with a different lender. On May 1, 2013, defendant’s general counsel advised him in an email that defendant was “willing to accept the amount of $3,536,580[ ] as settlement in exchange for a release of its mortgage lien” on the condominium. The amount included “all legal fees, delinquent fines, assignment/ release fees, May 2013 regular loan payment and all other fees, charges or expenses which are incurred or may be incurred prior to loan payoff by 5/20/2013.” Klein asserts in an affidavit submitted in connection with this motion that he “immediately telephoned [defendant] and conveyed my shock at their attempt to hold me up.” He did not close that month, but rescheduled for June 2013, and requested a new payoff letter from defendant. On June 3, 2013, defendant sent Klein a new payoff letter, which was substantially the same as the previous one. Klein claims that he was separately advised that defendant would only issue a satisfaction of the mortgage if he delivered a check to defendant for $18,000, representing the June 2013 interest payment. Klein did so, and a closing was held at which Klein paid defendant the entire amount demanded in the June payoff letter.
Plaintiffs thereafter commenced this action alleging that defendant extorted unlawful interest and other charges, in exchange for delivery of a satisfaction of mortgage that it was legally and contractually obligated to deliver. Plaintiffs alleged that all defaults were cured by payments of money owed, including all late payments, and that “[a]t least $186,578.24 of the total Payoff charges were improper,” “manufactured charges not incurred or owed.” Plaintiffs asserted causes of action alleging breach of contract, fraud, restitution for excessive fees, unfair business practices, violation of General Business Law § 349, and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.
Defendant moved to dismiss the complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (1) and (7), arguing that plaintiffs’ causes of action were barred by the voluntary payment doctrine and that defendant was entitled to the payoff amount. In opposition, plaintiffs argued that the disputed payment was not voluntary, because Klein was under duress and had no choice but to make the payment to refinance the loan. They submitted, inter alia, the account statement showing that payments on the loan were current as of March 31, 2013, with only the principal balance outstanding, which was not due until November 2015. They also submitted Klein’s affidavit, in which he stated that the account was paid in full through May 1, 2013.
[403]*403The IAS court granted defendant’s motion. The court held that plaintiffs’ allegations “are insufficient to demonstrate that [defendant] coerced Klein into accepting the proposed payoff terms, and, instead, conclusively demonstrate that Klein voluntarily and intentionally paid the entire payoff amount that was fully disclosed and itemized in the June payoff letter, issued several days prior to the closing.” Further, relying on defendant’s factual allegations, the court noted that Klein did not dispute that he is a sophisticated real estate investor who had previously obtained two $4 million loans from defendant, that approximately six weeks after closing he requested another loan from defendant, and that at closing, where he was represented by attorneys, he failed to raise any objections to the terms of the payoff.
Addressing individual components of the payoff amount, the court held that the charges of “$12,500 in fees, including attorneys’ fees,” was proper because Klein was obligated to pay reasonable attorneys’ fees incurred by defendant to enforce the note, and defendant’s counsel commenced two foreclosure actions and negotiated their settlements with him. The court further held that the interest included in the payoff amount was for May 2013 and therefore proper. The court did not specifically address the $150,000 charge for “Prepayment Settlement Amount” or $3,140.64 for “Other,” unspecified fees.
The voluntary payment doctrine bars recovery of payments voluntarily made with full knowledge of the facts, in the absence of fraud or mistake of material fact or law (Dillon v U-A Columbia Cablevision of Westchester, 100 NY2d 525 [2003]). The onus is on a party that receives what it perceives as an improper demand for money to “take its position at the time of the demand, and litigate the issue before, rather than after, payment is made” (Gimbel Bro. v Brook Shopping Ctrs., 118 AD2d 532, 535 [2d Dept 1986]). Here, there is no claim of fraud or mistake. Defendant was entirely aboveboard about the amount of money it expected to be paid to settle the loan. Nevertheless, Klein made the calculated decision to schedule the closing and to pay off the entire amount demanded. Nor, as discussed below, did Klein “take [his] position at the time of the demand.”
Plaintiffs argue that the voluntary doctrine should not apply because Klein was deprived of a meaningful choice as to whether to pay off the loan on defendant’s terms. They further claim that Klein protested the demand and that this shielded plaintiffs from any application of the doctrine. Nothing in plaintiffs’ complaint or papers in opposition to the motion sug[404]*404gests that these are viable positions. It is assumed, of course, that plaintiffs’ factual allegations are true, both in the complaint and in opposition to the motion (see Sokoloff v Harriman Estates Dev. Corp., 96 NY2d 409, 414 [2001]). However, conclusory allegations will not serve to defeat a motion to dismiss (see Phillips v Trommel Constr., 101 AD3d 1097, 1098 [2d Dept 2012]). Nothing in the complaint or the affidavit alleges any reason why Klein had no choice but to go through with the closing; indeed, he was able to put off the closing the first time he received from defendant what he considered an unreasonable payoff demand. Accordingly, the dissent’s reliance on Rovello v Orofino Realty Co. (40 NY2d 633 [1976]), which it claims required Supreme Court to convert the motion to one for summary judgment, is misplaced.
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Order, Supreme Court, New York County (Melvin L. Schweitzer, J.), entered May 30, 2014, which granted defendant’s motion to dismiss the complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (1) and (7), affirmed, with costs.
Plaintiff Alexander Klein, a sophisticated real estate investor, obtained a loan from defendant in the amount of $3,350,000, secured by a mortgage on a condominium owned by plaintiff DRMAK Realty LLC, an entity controlled by Klein. The loan carried an annual interest rate of 7.5% with an initial interest payment of $16,052.16, due upon execution. The failure to make a payment within 10 days after its due date constituted a default. Following any such default, the annual interest rate increased to the lower of 16% or the maximum allowed by law, and defendant could charge an additional late fee of 5% of each overdue payment. The mortgage also provided that defendant was entitled to costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, for foreclosing on the mortgage in the event of a default or failure to make payment.
Klein defaulted on the loan several times, and defendant commenced two foreclosure actions. Defendant discontinued the first foreclosure action, reinstated the loan, and reset the interest rate to the non-default rate of 7.5% after Klein paid the arrears. Defendant commenced a second foreclosure action in November 2012, although Klein claims he was never served with a summons and complaint.
[402]*402In mid-2013, Klein sought to settle the loan and refinance with a different lender. On May 1, 2013, defendant’s general counsel advised him in an email that defendant was “willing to accept the amount of $3,536,580[ ] as settlement in exchange for a release of its mortgage lien” on the condominium. The amount included “all legal fees, delinquent fines, assignment/ release fees, May 2013 regular loan payment and all other fees, charges or expenses which are incurred or may be incurred prior to loan payoff by 5/20/2013.” Klein asserts in an affidavit submitted in connection with this motion that he “immediately telephoned [defendant] and conveyed my shock at their attempt to hold me up.” He did not close that month, but rescheduled for June 2013, and requested a new payoff letter from defendant. On June 3, 2013, defendant sent Klein a new payoff letter, which was substantially the same as the previous one. Klein claims that he was separately advised that defendant would only issue a satisfaction of the mortgage if he delivered a check to defendant for $18,000, representing the June 2013 interest payment. Klein did so, and a closing was held at which Klein paid defendant the entire amount demanded in the June payoff letter.
Plaintiffs thereafter commenced this action alleging that defendant extorted unlawful interest and other charges, in exchange for delivery of a satisfaction of mortgage that it was legally and contractually obligated to deliver. Plaintiffs alleged that all defaults were cured by payments of money owed, including all late payments, and that “[a]t least $186,578.24 of the total Payoff charges were improper,” “manufactured charges not incurred or owed.” Plaintiffs asserted causes of action alleging breach of contract, fraud, restitution for excessive fees, unfair business practices, violation of General Business Law § 349, and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.
Defendant moved to dismiss the complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (1) and (7), arguing that plaintiffs’ causes of action were barred by the voluntary payment doctrine and that defendant was entitled to the payoff amount. In opposition, plaintiffs argued that the disputed payment was not voluntary, because Klein was under duress and had no choice but to make the payment to refinance the loan. They submitted, inter alia, the account statement showing that payments on the loan were current as of March 31, 2013, with only the principal balance outstanding, which was not due until November 2015. They also submitted Klein’s affidavit, in which he stated that the account was paid in full through May 1, 2013.
[403]*403The IAS court granted defendant’s motion. The court held that plaintiffs’ allegations “are insufficient to demonstrate that [defendant] coerced Klein into accepting the proposed payoff terms, and, instead, conclusively demonstrate that Klein voluntarily and intentionally paid the entire payoff amount that was fully disclosed and itemized in the June payoff letter, issued several days prior to the closing.” Further, relying on defendant’s factual allegations, the court noted that Klein did not dispute that he is a sophisticated real estate investor who had previously obtained two $4 million loans from defendant, that approximately six weeks after closing he requested another loan from defendant, and that at closing, where he was represented by attorneys, he failed to raise any objections to the terms of the payoff.
Addressing individual components of the payoff amount, the court held that the charges of “$12,500 in fees, including attorneys’ fees,” was proper because Klein was obligated to pay reasonable attorneys’ fees incurred by defendant to enforce the note, and defendant’s counsel commenced two foreclosure actions and negotiated their settlements with him. The court further held that the interest included in the payoff amount was for May 2013 and therefore proper. The court did not specifically address the $150,000 charge for “Prepayment Settlement Amount” or $3,140.64 for “Other,” unspecified fees.
The voluntary payment doctrine bars recovery of payments voluntarily made with full knowledge of the facts, in the absence of fraud or mistake of material fact or law (Dillon v U-A Columbia Cablevision of Westchester, 100 NY2d 525 [2003]). The onus is on a party that receives what it perceives as an improper demand for money to “take its position at the time of the demand, and litigate the issue before, rather than after, payment is made” (Gimbel Bro. v Brook Shopping Ctrs., 118 AD2d 532, 535 [2d Dept 1986]). Here, there is no claim of fraud or mistake. Defendant was entirely aboveboard about the amount of money it expected to be paid to settle the loan. Nevertheless, Klein made the calculated decision to schedule the closing and to pay off the entire amount demanded. Nor, as discussed below, did Klein “take [his] position at the time of the demand.”
Plaintiffs argue that the voluntary doctrine should not apply because Klein was deprived of a meaningful choice as to whether to pay off the loan on defendant’s terms. They further claim that Klein protested the demand and that this shielded plaintiffs from any application of the doctrine. Nothing in plaintiffs’ complaint or papers in opposition to the motion sug[404]*404gests that these are viable positions. It is assumed, of course, that plaintiffs’ factual allegations are true, both in the complaint and in opposition to the motion (see Sokoloff v Harriman Estates Dev. Corp., 96 NY2d 409, 414 [2001]). However, conclusory allegations will not serve to defeat a motion to dismiss (see Phillips v Trommel Constr., 101 AD3d 1097, 1098 [2d Dept 2012]). Nothing in the complaint or the affidavit alleges any reason why Klein had no choice but to go through with the closing; indeed, he was able to put off the closing the first time he received from defendant what he considered an unreasonable payoff demand. Accordingly, the dissent’s reliance on Rovello v Orofino Realty Co. (40 NY2d 633 [1976]), which it claims required Supreme Court to convert the motion to one for summary judgment, is misplaced. That is because Rovello presupposes that “the complaint is sufficient on its face” (40 NY2d at 634). The dissent quotes Klein’s allegations at length and concludes that “it is clear that he paid under protest and duress.” However, this conclusion is based on nothing more than a wholesale adoption of Klein’s own ipse dixit. Incidentally, we agree with the dissent that a sophisticated investor can be subject to economic duress. We simply do not find that plaintiffs adequately alleged duress in this case.
This situation contrasts starkly with that considered by the Court of Appeals in Kilpatrick v Germania Life Ins. Co. (183 NY 163 [1905]), relied upon by the dissent. There, the terms on which the defendant loaned money to the plaintiff entitled the plaintiff to pay the loan off early, but not until one year into the loan’s term, if he paid to the defendant a $1,000 “bonus.” Before one year of the term had passed, the plaintiff defaulted on the loan, and the defendant commenced a foreclosure action. The plaintiff arranged to refinance the loan, and agreed to pay the entire amount due and owing. The defendant, however, withdrew the action and informed the plaintiff that it would only permit full payment of the balance if the plaintiff paid the $1,000 “bonus,” despite the fact that the first year of the loan term had still not expired. The plaintiff paid the bonus so it could go through with the refinance closing, and then sought to recover the $1,000 from the defendant. The Court recounted that “[i]t is undisputed that before the discontinuance of the foreclosure action the plaintiff had changed his position, had obligated himself to make a new loan on the mortgaged premises, and necessarily had contracted financial obligations in that connection” (183 NY at 168). Recognizing “plaintiff’s change of position and assumption of legal obligations,” the Court sustained the claim, finding that “payment was made to free the property from the duress as much as if it [405]*405had been a chattel and the defendant had it in his possession under a pledge, refusing to part with it unless the bonus was paid” (183 NY at 168-169). The dissent accurately summarizes the facts and holding of Kilpatrick, but fails to recognize that here, plaintiffs make no allegation that Klein was similarly deprived of any economic choice but to go forward with the closing. Because there is no such allegation, we view the complaint as merely seeking recovery of a payment that Klein admits he did not believe he was obliged to make. Accordingly, the dissent is mistaken in stating that Gimbel Bros. (118 AD2d 532) does not apply.
Kilpatrick is also distinguishable insofar as the Court there expressly noted that the plaintiff “submitted under protest” (183 NY at 169). Here, there is not a single allegation that Klein protested the payment in such a way that he preserved his right to later sue to recover it. To be sure, he stated in his affidavit in opposition that he complained to defendant when it presented its payoff letter in May 2013. However, by even the most liberal reading of that affidavit, there is no indication that Klein protested again in June when he received the second payoff letter. Nor is there any allegation to even suggest that Klein took steps to indicate that he was reserving his rights when he made payment to defendant at the closing and accepted satisfaction of the mortgage. Thus, 1300 Ave. P Realty Corp. v Stratigakis (186 Misc 2d 745, 749 [App Term, 2d Dept 2000]), also relied upon by the dissent, is inapposite. There, the plaintiff, who had borrowed money from the defendant, paid the full amount demanded by the defendant, including the defendant’s attorneys’ fees, to refinance the loan and avoid foreclosure. The plaintiff then sought to recover the attorneys’ fees, which it claimed were unreasonable. The court, citing Kilpatrick (183 NY 163) held that the defendant’s motion to dismiss the claim was correctly denied, since “[p]laintiffs opposition papers allege that payment in satisfaction of the mortgage was made to preserve the closing to refinance the mortgage, and under protest, and thus sufficiently raise issues of fact as to whether the payment of attorneys’ fees was voluntary” (186 Misc 2d at 749).
Because Klein failed to allege that his payment to defendant was made under duress and under protest, we agree with the IAS court that plaintiffs’ claims are barred by the voluntary payment doctrine. Concur — Gonzalez, P.J., Mazzarelli and Kapnick, JJ.