Dr. Doe v. Board of Dental Practice

2026 ME 27
CourtSupreme Judicial Court of Maine
DecidedMarch 17, 2026
DocketKen-25-104
StatusPublished
AuthorMEAD, J.

This text of 2026 ME 27 (Dr. Doe v. Board of Dental Practice) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Judicial Court of Maine primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Dr. Doe v. Board of Dental Practice, 2026 ME 27 (Me. 2026).

Opinion

MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions Decision: 2026 ME 27 Docket: Ken-25-104 Argued: November 14, 2025 Decided: March 17, 2026

Panel: MEAD, CONNORS, and LAWRENCE, JJ., and HJELM, A.R.J., and HUMPHREY, A.R.J.

DR. DOE

v.

BOARD OF DENTAL PRACTICE et al.

MEAD, J.

[¶1] Dr. Doe1 appeals from a judgment entered in the Superior Court

(Kennebec County, Lipez, J.) determining that the Board of Dental Practice and

eleven individuals were entitled to qualified immunity from Doe’s 42 U.S.C.A.

§ 1983 (Westlaw through Pub. L. No. 119-73 (excluding Pub. L. No. 119-60))

claims against them. We affirm the judgment.

I. BACKGROUND

[¶2] The following facts are drawn from the procedural record and the

allegations contained in Doe’s second amended complaint, which we accept as

1 Pursuant to confidentiality provisions of 10 M.R.S. § 8003-B(1) (2025), we refer to the plaintiff by a pseudonym. 2

true for purposes of our analysis. Weinle v. Est. of Tower, 2025 ME 62, ¶ 2, 340

A.3d 66; Collins v. State, 2000 ME 85, ¶ 4, 750 A.2d 1257.

[¶3] Starting in 2016, the Maine Board of Dental Practice received

eighteen patient complaints against Doe. The Board then formed a “complaint

committee,” which included the Board’s executive director, Penny Vaillancourt.

The committee investigated the complaints by reviewing the complaints,

inspecting Doe’s office, reading Doe’s responses to the complaints, and

reviewing practice records that Doe submitted. On February 10, 2017, the

committee presented the initial results of the investigation to the full Board.

After completing a review of the results of the investigation, the Board imposed

a thirty-day suspension of Doe’s license to practice dentistry in Maine.

[¶4] The preliminary findings in the suspension order stated that, on

numerous occasions, Doe failed to appropriately assess patient pain; continued

to perform painful dental procedures when a patient asked him to stop; failed

to address patient anxiety, fear, and pain; failed to monitor and document

significant incidents and the administration of sedation; failed to select

appropriate medications and medication dosages; failed to create adequate

patient records; aided and abetted the unlicensed practice of dentistry by

allowing dental assistants to perform functions outside their scope of practice; 3

failed to adequately store potentially infectious medical waste; extracted the

wrong teeth; and engaged in other inappropriate or inadequate actions that

adversely affected his patients.

[¶5] The thirty-day temporary suspension order took effect on

February 16, 2017, and included a notification to Doe that he would have the

opportunity to contest the Board’s findings at a public hearing prior to the

expiration of the license suspension imposed by the order. A hearing was not

held within thirty days, however, and so the temporary suspension order

lapsed pursuant to its own terms on March 18.

[¶6] On February 21, 2017, Doe filed a Rule 80C petition for judicial

review of the temporary suspension. See M.R. Civ. P. 80C. Doe amended his

complaint on June 30, 2017. A further amended complaint—which was the

second and the operative pleading here—alleged that the Board issued the

order without giving Doe a meaningful opportunity to participate in the

process, rebut the findings, or contest the allegations. The complaint also

asserted a 42 U.S.C.A § 1983 claim alleging that the Board failed to make any

findings of an emergency situation and that Vaillancourt improperly comingled

roles in the investigation, prosecution, and presentation of the complaints 4

against Doe.2 The § 1983 claim was brought against the individual members of

the Board and Vaillancourt as the Board’s executive director, in both their

official and individual capacities.

[¶7] Between September and December 2017, the Board held a hearing

on five of the eighteen patient complaints. On December 29, 2017, the Board

concluded that the State had failed to meet its burden regarding the allegations

on the five patient complaints and granted Doe’s renewed motion to dismiss

them. The Board then voted on March 9, 2018, to refer the remaining thirteen

complaints to the District Court.

[¶8] In this action, on December 9, 2024, the Superior Court dismissed

Doe’s § 1983 claims, concluding that the Board is entitled to sovereign

immunity, that all official-capacity claims for damages are barred by sovereign

immunity, that any claims for injunctive relief are nonjusticiable, and that all

claims for monetary damages brought against individual defendants in their

personal capacities are barred by qualified immunity. The court’s order also

disposed of the claims for declaratory and injunctive relief. See supra n.2. The

parties stipulated to a dismissal with prejudice of the remaining count, which

was the Rule 80C appeal. Pursuant to the stipulation, the Superior Court

2The complaint also asked the court for a declaratory judgment and injunctive relief. The trial court dismissed those counts, and they are not at issue on this appeal. 5

(Daniel Mitchell, J.) dismissed that count on February 21, 2025, resulting in a

final judgment on the complaint. Doe timely appealed the decision regarding

the § 1983 claims for damages against the defendant officials in their personal

capacities on February 28, 2025. See M.R. App. P. 2B(c)(1).

II. DISCUSSION

[¶9] “Review of a dismissal pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) accepts the

facts as presented in the complaint as true. Nevertheless, we are not bound to

accept the complaint’s legal conclusions. Nor do we have to accept the Superior

Court’s decisions of law that buttress a dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6); these are

reviewed de novo.” Collins, 2000 ME 85, ¶ 4, 750 A.2d 1257 (citations and

quotation marks omitted).

[¶10] “An official sued under § 1983 is entitled to qualified immunity

unless it is shown that the official violated a statutory or constitutional right

that was clearly established at the time of the challenged conduct.”3 Plumhoff

3 Section 1983 provides, in relevant part, as follows:

Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress, except that in any action brought against a judicial officer for an act or omission taken in such officer’s judicial capacity, injunctive relief shall not be granted unless a declaratory decree was violated or declaratory relief was unavailable. 6

v. Rickard, 572 U.S. 765, 778 (2014) (quotation marks omitted). Qualified

immunity protects state officers except for those “plainly incompetent or those

who knowingly violate the law.” Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335, 341 (1986). We

have previously held that “an action’s unlawfulness can be apparent even

though that action has not previously been held to be unlawful. We focus on

the objective reasonableness of the official’s conduct, not on whether the

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