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4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 RICHARD ALLEN McWHORTER, Case No. 1:20-cv-00215-JLT
12 Petitioner, DEATH PENALTY CASE
13 v. ORDER REGARDING REQUEST TO LODGE DOCUMENTS UNDER SEAL 14 OAK SMITH, Warden of California State Prison at San Quentin, 15 Respondent.1 16
17 18 I. INTRODUCTION 19 On March 27, 2023, Respondent, through counsel, Supervising Deputy Attorney 20 General Kenneth Sokoler and Deputy Attorney General Brook Bennigson, filed on the public 21 docket a Notice of Request to Lodge Documents under Seal. (Doc. 53). The Notice is 22 associated with Respondent’s Notice of Augmented Lodging and Index of Documents filed 23 that same day (Doc. 52), which includes Penal Code § 987.9 trial court defense funding request 24 materials, sealed in state court, that are part of the state record in this proceeding.2 (See Doc. 25 52 at 2-3, citing Kern County Superior Court case number 65352.)
26 1 Oak Smith, acting warden of San Quentin State Prison since January 2023, is substituted as Respondent in place of his predecessor wardens. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(d). 27 2 All reference to state law is to California law; All reference to pagination is the ECF system page numbering. 1 Respondent has submitted to the Court the documents to be lodged under seal, along 2 with a Proposed Order and Request to Lodge Documents under Seal, as required by E.D. Cal. 3 L. R. (“Local Rule”) 141.3 (See Doc. 53 at 2.) Respondent states that these same documents 4 have been emailed to Petitioner’s counsel, Kresta Daly and Saor Stetler. (Id.) 5 Petitioner has not opposed Respondent’s Request to Seal, and the time for doing so has 6 expired. Local Rule 141(c). Respondent’s Request to Seal is therefore deemed unopposed. 7 II. BACKGROUND 8 Petitioner was convicted of two counts of first-degree murder and first-degree 9 residential robbery. People v. Richard Allen McWhorter, Kern County Superior Court Case 10 No. 65352A. The special circumstances of multiple-murder and robbery-murder were found 11 true after which he was sentenced to death. Id. The California Supreme Court affirmed 12 Petitioner’s judgment of conviction and sentence on automatic appeal. People v. Richard Allen 13 McWhorter, 47 Cal. 4th 318, rehearing denied October 14, 2009, as modified October 14, 14 2009. The United States Supreme Court denied certiorari (Richard Allen McWhorter v. 15 California, 562 U.S. 844), and the California Supreme Court summarily denied Petitioner’s 16 habeas corpus petition. In re McWhorter, Cal. Case No. S180404. 17 On February 11, 2020, Petitioner began this federal habeas proceeding pursuant to 28 18 U.S.C. § 2254. Respondent timely filed notice of lodging and lodged the state record materials 19 electronically into the docket. (Docs. 16-18.) Thereafter, Respondent filed notice of lodging 20 and lodged supplemental documents to the state record electronically into the docket. (Doc. 21 25.) 22 On October 22, 2021, Petitioner filed a 297-page (protective) petition for writ of habeas 23 corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254, stating twenty-two fully exhausted record-based claims. 24 (Doc. 34.) On March 6, 2023, the Court denied without prejudice Petitioner’s request to 25 equitably toll the deadline for filing a federal amended habeas petition beyond January 30, 26 3 Local Rule 141(b) directs a party seeking to seal documents to electronically file a “Notice of Request to Seal 27 Documents” and to e-mail a “Request to Seal Documents,” proposed order, and all documents covered by the request to the appropriate Judge or Magistrate Judge's proposed order e-mail box. 1 2023. (See Doc. No. 50.) 2 III. DISCUSSION 3 Respondent argues that there are compelling reasons why the documents proposed for 4 sealing, i.e., lodged documents 101-102 consisting of two volumes of confidential sealed 5 Clerk’s Transcripts (Bates stamped AGO-CONF 0001-0543) and lodged documents 103-127 6 consisting of twenty-five volumes of confidential sealed Reporter’s Transcripts (Bates stamped 7 AGO-CONF 0544-0737), must be sealed in this Court until an appropriate state court orders 8 otherwise. He argues that: (1) the documents relate to Petitioner’s Penal Code § 987.9 defense 9 funding requests, (2) the documents are part of the state record to be lodged in this proceeding, 10 (3) the documents are confidential under state law, and (4) the documents are and remain 11 sealed pursuant to order of the California Supreme Court dated October 24, 2012. (See Doc. 12 52 at 1-2; Doc. 53 at 1-2 citing Doc. 14, Penal Code § 987.9(a).) 13 Requests to seal documents in this district are governed by Local Rule 141, which 14 provides that documents may be sealed only upon written order of the Court after a 15 specific request to seal has been made. Local Rule 141(a). The request to seal shall set 16 forth “the statutory or other authority for sealing, the requested duration, the identity, by name 17 or category, of persons to be permitted access to the document, and all relevant information.” 18 Local Rule 141(b). 19 The Court observes there is a “strong presumption in favor of access to court 20 records[.]” Center for Auto Safety v. Chrysler Group, LLC, 809 F.3d 1092, 1096 (9th Cir. 21 2016) (quoting Foltz v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 331 F.3d 1122, 1135 (9th Cir. 2003)). 22 “The presumption of access is ‘based on the need for federal courts, although independent – 23 indeed, particularly because they are independent – to have a measure of accountability and for 24 the public to have confidence in the administration of justice.’” Id. (quoting United States v. 25 Amodeo, 71 F.3d 1044, 1048 (2d Cir. 1995)). 26 A request to seal material must normally meet the high threshold of showing that 27 “compelling reasons” support secrecy. See Center for Auto Safety, 809 F.3d at 1096-97. A 1 request. Id. The compelling reasons standard requires that the Court: (1) find a compelling 2 reason supporting sealing the record, and (2) articulate the factual basis for sealing the record 3 without relying on hypothesis or conjecture. Id. at 1096-97. The Court must “conscientiously 4 balance” the competing interests of the public and the party who wishes to keep the documents 5 private. Id. at 1097; see also Kamakana v. City and County of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1179- 6 81 (9th Cir. 2006). “What constitutes a ‘compelling reason’ is ‘best left to the sound discretion 7 of the trial court.’” Center for Auto Safety, 809 F.3d at 1097 (quoting Nixon v. Warner 8 Commnc'ns, Inc., 435 U.S. 589, 599 (1978)). 9 The Ninth Circuit has stated that “compelling reasons” sufficient to outweigh the 10 public's interest in disclosure and justify sealing court records exist, for example, when “court 11 files might have become a vehicle for improper purposes, such as the use of records to gratify 12 private spite, promote public scandal, circulate libelous statements, or release trade 13 secrets.” Id. at 1179 (citing Nixon, 435 U.S. at 598).
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1 2
4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 RICHARD ALLEN McWHORTER, Case No. 1:20-cv-00215-JLT
12 Petitioner, DEATH PENALTY CASE
13 v. ORDER REGARDING REQUEST TO LODGE DOCUMENTS UNDER SEAL 14 OAK SMITH, Warden of California State Prison at San Quentin, 15 Respondent.1 16
17 18 I. INTRODUCTION 19 On March 27, 2023, Respondent, through counsel, Supervising Deputy Attorney 20 General Kenneth Sokoler and Deputy Attorney General Brook Bennigson, filed on the public 21 docket a Notice of Request to Lodge Documents under Seal. (Doc. 53). The Notice is 22 associated with Respondent’s Notice of Augmented Lodging and Index of Documents filed 23 that same day (Doc. 52), which includes Penal Code § 987.9 trial court defense funding request 24 materials, sealed in state court, that are part of the state record in this proceeding.2 (See Doc. 25 52 at 2-3, citing Kern County Superior Court case number 65352.)
26 1 Oak Smith, acting warden of San Quentin State Prison since January 2023, is substituted as Respondent in place of his predecessor wardens. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(d). 27 2 All reference to state law is to California law; All reference to pagination is the ECF system page numbering. 1 Respondent has submitted to the Court the documents to be lodged under seal, along 2 with a Proposed Order and Request to Lodge Documents under Seal, as required by E.D. Cal. 3 L. R. (“Local Rule”) 141.3 (See Doc. 53 at 2.) Respondent states that these same documents 4 have been emailed to Petitioner’s counsel, Kresta Daly and Saor Stetler. (Id.) 5 Petitioner has not opposed Respondent’s Request to Seal, and the time for doing so has 6 expired. Local Rule 141(c). Respondent’s Request to Seal is therefore deemed unopposed. 7 II. BACKGROUND 8 Petitioner was convicted of two counts of first-degree murder and first-degree 9 residential robbery. People v. Richard Allen McWhorter, Kern County Superior Court Case 10 No. 65352A. The special circumstances of multiple-murder and robbery-murder were found 11 true after which he was sentenced to death. Id. The California Supreme Court affirmed 12 Petitioner’s judgment of conviction and sentence on automatic appeal. People v. Richard Allen 13 McWhorter, 47 Cal. 4th 318, rehearing denied October 14, 2009, as modified October 14, 14 2009. The United States Supreme Court denied certiorari (Richard Allen McWhorter v. 15 California, 562 U.S. 844), and the California Supreme Court summarily denied Petitioner’s 16 habeas corpus petition. In re McWhorter, Cal. Case No. S180404. 17 On February 11, 2020, Petitioner began this federal habeas proceeding pursuant to 28 18 U.S.C. § 2254. Respondent timely filed notice of lodging and lodged the state record materials 19 electronically into the docket. (Docs. 16-18.) Thereafter, Respondent filed notice of lodging 20 and lodged supplemental documents to the state record electronically into the docket. (Doc. 21 25.) 22 On October 22, 2021, Petitioner filed a 297-page (protective) petition for writ of habeas 23 corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254, stating twenty-two fully exhausted record-based claims. 24 (Doc. 34.) On March 6, 2023, the Court denied without prejudice Petitioner’s request to 25 equitably toll the deadline for filing a federal amended habeas petition beyond January 30, 26 3 Local Rule 141(b) directs a party seeking to seal documents to electronically file a “Notice of Request to Seal 27 Documents” and to e-mail a “Request to Seal Documents,” proposed order, and all documents covered by the request to the appropriate Judge or Magistrate Judge's proposed order e-mail box. 1 2023. (See Doc. No. 50.) 2 III. DISCUSSION 3 Respondent argues that there are compelling reasons why the documents proposed for 4 sealing, i.e., lodged documents 101-102 consisting of two volumes of confidential sealed 5 Clerk’s Transcripts (Bates stamped AGO-CONF 0001-0543) and lodged documents 103-127 6 consisting of twenty-five volumes of confidential sealed Reporter’s Transcripts (Bates stamped 7 AGO-CONF 0544-0737), must be sealed in this Court until an appropriate state court orders 8 otherwise. He argues that: (1) the documents relate to Petitioner’s Penal Code § 987.9 defense 9 funding requests, (2) the documents are part of the state record to be lodged in this proceeding, 10 (3) the documents are confidential under state law, and (4) the documents are and remain 11 sealed pursuant to order of the California Supreme Court dated October 24, 2012. (See Doc. 12 52 at 1-2; Doc. 53 at 1-2 citing Doc. 14, Penal Code § 987.9(a).) 13 Requests to seal documents in this district are governed by Local Rule 141, which 14 provides that documents may be sealed only upon written order of the Court after a 15 specific request to seal has been made. Local Rule 141(a). The request to seal shall set 16 forth “the statutory or other authority for sealing, the requested duration, the identity, by name 17 or category, of persons to be permitted access to the document, and all relevant information.” 18 Local Rule 141(b). 19 The Court observes there is a “strong presumption in favor of access to court 20 records[.]” Center for Auto Safety v. Chrysler Group, LLC, 809 F.3d 1092, 1096 (9th Cir. 21 2016) (quoting Foltz v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 331 F.3d 1122, 1135 (9th Cir. 2003)). 22 “The presumption of access is ‘based on the need for federal courts, although independent – 23 indeed, particularly because they are independent – to have a measure of accountability and for 24 the public to have confidence in the administration of justice.’” Id. (quoting United States v. 25 Amodeo, 71 F.3d 1044, 1048 (2d Cir. 1995)). 26 A request to seal material must normally meet the high threshold of showing that 27 “compelling reasons” support secrecy. See Center for Auto Safety, 809 F.3d at 1096-97. A 1 request. Id. The compelling reasons standard requires that the Court: (1) find a compelling 2 reason supporting sealing the record, and (2) articulate the factual basis for sealing the record 3 without relying on hypothesis or conjecture. Id. at 1096-97. The Court must “conscientiously 4 balance” the competing interests of the public and the party who wishes to keep the documents 5 private. Id. at 1097; see also Kamakana v. City and County of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1179- 6 81 (9th Cir. 2006). “What constitutes a ‘compelling reason’ is ‘best left to the sound discretion 7 of the trial court.’” Center for Auto Safety, 809 F.3d at 1097 (quoting Nixon v. Warner 8 Commnc'ns, Inc., 435 U.S. 589, 599 (1978)). 9 The Ninth Circuit has stated that “compelling reasons” sufficient to outweigh the 10 public's interest in disclosure and justify sealing court records exist, for example, when “court 11 files might have become a vehicle for improper purposes, such as the use of records to gratify 12 private spite, promote public scandal, circulate libelous statements, or release trade 13 secrets.” Id. at 1179 (citing Nixon, 435 U.S. at 598). However, “[t]he mere fact that the 14 production of records may lead to a litigant's embarrassment, incrimination, or exposure to 15 further litigation will not, without more, compel the court to seal its records.” Kamakana, 447 16 F.3d at 1179 (citing Foltz, 331 F.3d at 11360). 17 Where the material is, at most, “tangentially related” to the merits of a case, 18 the request to seal may be granted on a lesser showing of “good cause” to find prejudice or 19 harm for each document sought to be protected. Ctr. for Auto Safety, 809 F.3d at 1096-1102; 20 see also Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1178-80; Beckman Indus., Inc. v. Int'l Ins. Co., 966 F.2d 470, 21 476 (9th Cir. 1992); Pintos v. Pacific Creditors Ass’n, 605 F.3d 665, 678 (9th Cir. 2010). For 22 example, in such a case, a “particularized showing” that public disclosure would cause 23 annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, or an undue burden will suffice to seal non-dispositive 24 records. Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1180; see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c)(1). Pursuant to Federal 25 Rule of Civil Procedure 5.2(d), a court “may order that a filing be made under seal without 26 redaction.” 27 Respondent has complied with Local Rule 141. The Court has reviewed the Request to 1 | Request. These documents each contain information related to capital defense funding for this 2 | case according to Penal Code § 987.9. This information is confidential under state law and by 3 | order of the California Supreme Court. Penal Coe § 987.9 also provides that in the event such 4 | confidential information is provided to the Attorney General on state appeal or collateral 5 | review, the documents shall remain under seal and their use limited to the pending proceeding. 6 | Thus, the Court ORDERS: 7 1. Respondent’s Request to Lodge Documents under Seal is GRANTED. 8 2. Documents 101-102 (Clerk’s Transcripts Bates stamped AGO-CONF 0001- 9 0543) and documents 103-127 (Reporter’s Transcripts Bates stamped AGO- 10 CONF 0544-0737), to the request for lodging, shall be LODGED UNDER 11 SEAL until further order of the Court. These documents shall not be publicly 12 filed unless otherwise ordered by the Court. 13 3. Respondent’s counsel shall email Documents 101 to 127 to 14 ApprovedSealed @caed.uscourts.gov for filing under seal in compliance with 15 Local Rule 141 within three days of the date of entry of this order. 16 7 IT IS SO ORDERED. Dated: _ April 10, 2023 ears [Tourn TED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28