Downing v. Bowater, Inc.

846 S.W.2d 265, 1992 Tenn. App. LEXIS 792
CourtCourt of Appeals of Tennessee
DecidedSeptember 29, 1992
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 846 S.W.2d 265 (Downing v. Bowater, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Tennessee primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Downing v. Bowater, Inc., 846 S.W.2d 265, 1992 Tenn. App. LEXIS 792 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1992).

Opinion

OPINION

GODDARD, Judge.

In this Rule 10 appeal, counsel for Bowa-ter succinctly states the issue to be determined as follows:

[266]*266DOES WORK PRODUCT, PRIVILEGED DURING PRIOR LITIGATION, RETAIN THAT PRIVILEGE IN SUBSEQUENT RELATED LITIGATION SO AS TO BE N ON-DISCOVERABLE PURSUANT TO T.R.C.P. 26.02(3) AND 26.02(4)(B)? FURTHER, ARE RETAINED CONSULTING EXPERTS, NOT EXPECTED TO TESTIFY AT TRIAL, IMMUNE FROM DISCOVERY AS TO FACTS AND OPINIONS DEVELOPED IN THEIR FIELD OF EXPERTISE PRIOR TO THEIR EMPLOYMENT, PURSUANT TO T.R.C.P. 26.-02(4)(B)?

The facts necessary for resolution of this appeal will now be detailed. The case presently on appeal, which seeks both compensatory and punitive damages, and a number of others in various Federal and State Courts, arose in a multi-vehicle accident occurring on December 11, 1990, on Interstate 75 in McMinn County near the Hiwas-see River, when the area wherein the accident occurred was covered with dense fog.

After Interstate 75 opened in the latter part of 1973, a number of multi-vehicle accidents occurred during foggy conditions, specifically in 1974, 1976, 1977, 1978 and 1979.

Bowater was sued along with other defendants as a result of the accidents in 1974 and 1979.

In preparation for the defense of these suits, Bowater employed an environmental consulting firm, formerly known as Environmental Research and Technologically, Inc., now ENSR Corporation. In neither of the lawsuits was any officer or employee of ERT listed or used as a trial witness. No written report was made of the consultation as to the 1975 litigation. However, such a report was prepared and delivered to Bowater in connection with the 1979 consultations.

After the accident giving rise to the suit now on appeal, Bowater again retained ENSR, the successor corporation, in anticipation of litigation. Additionally, Bowater retained a former government scientist, Dr. Steven R. Hanna, presently in private practice, to advise with regard to the litigation. At the present stage of the proceedings, neither Dr. Hanna, ENSR, or any person at ENSR has been listed as a trial witness.

In response to motions filed by the Plaintiffs, the Trial Court held as pertinent to this appeal that the non-witness consulting experts could be discovered as to any studies performed for Bowater prior to the December 11, 1990, accident. His ruling was predicated upon his determination that although the consultations and material generated from the previous litigations were work product during those litigations and were not discoverable at the time, they nevertheless lost their privilege upon the termination of those suits.

He also held that Dr. Hanna could be examined as to any information discovered or opinions formed prior to his being employed by Bowater.

Resolution of the issues raised is controlled by the provisions of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure set out in Bowater’s issues:

26.02. Discovery Scope and Limits. — Unless otherwise limited by order of the court in accordance with these rules, the scope of discovery is as follows:
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(3) TRIAL PREPARATION: MATERIALS. Subject to the provisions of subdivision (4) of this rule, a party may obtain discovery of documents and tangible things otherwise discoverable under subdivision (1) of this rule and prepared in anticipation of litigation or for trial by or for another party or by or for that other party’s representative (including his attorney, consultant, surety, indemnitor, insurer, or agent) only upon a showing that the party seeking discovery has substantial need of the materials in the preparation of his case and that he is unable without undue hardship to obtain the substantial equivalent of the materials by other means. In ordering discovery of such materials when the required showing has been made, the court shall protect against disclosure of the mental impressions, conclusions, opinions, or le[267]*267gal theories of an attorney or other representative of a party concerning the litigation.
A party may obtain without the required showing a statement concerning the action or its subject matter previously made by that party. Upon request, a person not a party may obtain without the required showing a statement concerning the action or its subject matter previously made by that person. If the request is refused, the person may move for a court order. The provisions of Rule 37.01(4) apply to the award of expenses incurred in relation to the motion. For purposes of this paragraph, a statement previously made is (A) a written statement signed or otherwise adopted or approved by the person making it, or (B) a stenographic, mechanical, electrical, or other recording, or a transcription thereof, which is a substantially verbatim recital of an oral statement by the person making it and contemporaneously recorded.
(4) TRIAL PREPARATION: EXPERTS. Discovery of facts known and opinions held by experts, otherwise discoverable under the provisions of subdivision (1) of this rule and acquired or developed in anticipation of litigation or for trial, may be obtained only as follows:
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(B) A party may not discover the identity of, facts known by, or opinions held by an expert who has been consulted by another party in anticipation of litigation or preparation for trial and who is not to be called as a witness at trial except as provided in Rule 35.02 or upon a showing that the party seeking discovery cannot obtain facts or opinions on the same subject by other means.

We find and are cited to no Tennessee cases construing the foregoing rules in the context of this case. However, Bowater has cited to a number of cases from the various Federal Circuit Courts and one from the Supreme Court of the United States which hold that under a similar Federal Rule (see appendix), the work product, particularly as to related litigation, remains privileged. F.T.C. v. Grolier Inc., 462 U.S. 19, 103 S.Ct. 2209, 76 L.Ed.2d 387 (1983); In re Murphy, 560 F.2d 326 (8th Cir.1977); United States v. Leggett & Platt, Inc., 542 F.2d 655 (6th Cir.1976); Duplan Corporation v. Moulinage et Retorderie de Chavanoz, 509 F.2d 730 (4th Cir.1974); Duplan Corporation v. Moulinage et Retorderie de Chavanoz, 487 F.2d 480 (4th Cir.1973).

The rationale for such a holding is found in the case of In re Murphy, 560 F.2d 326, as follows (at page 334):

In view of the Hickman [Hickman v. Taylor, 329 U.S. 495, 67 S.Ct. 385, 91 L.Ed. 451 (1947) ], rationale and the policies of Rule 26(b)(3), we conclude that the work product privilege applies to documents prepared in anticipation of terminated litigation.

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846 S.W.2d 265, 1992 Tenn. App. LEXIS 792, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/downing-v-bowater-inc-tennctapp-1992.