[Cite as Downard v. Gilliland, 2012-Ohio-5491.] IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT JACKSON COUNTY
SHERI DOWNARD, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : Case No. 12CA1
vs. :
DANNY GILLILAND, : DECISION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY
Defendant-Appellant. :
APPEARANCES:
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT: Marie Moraleja Hoover and R. Tracy Hoover, 621 Seventh Street, Portsmouth, Ohio 45662
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE: William S. Cole, 227 East Main Street, P.O. Box 427, Jackson, Ohio 45640
CIVIL APPEAL FROM COMMON PLEAS COURT DATE JOURNALIZED: 11-19-12 ABELE, P.J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from a Jackson County Common Pleas Court judgment in favor
of Sheri Downard, plaintiff below and appellee herein, on her claims against Danny Gilliland,
defendant below and appellant herein.
{¶ 2} Appellant assigns the following errors for review:
FIRST ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN DECIDING THAT THE REAL PROPERTY THAT WAS OWNED BY DEED BY THE APPELLANT WAS BEING HELD BY APPELLANT IN CONSTRUCTIVE TRUST FOR THE BENEFIT OF APPELLEE[.]” JACKSON, 12CA1 2
SECOND ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE IN THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE OF FRAUD, WRONGDOING, DURESS, ETC.”
THIRD ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN ORDERING THE APPELLANT TO CONVEY TO APPELLEE HIS DEED FOR THE ONE-HALF UNDIVIDED INTEREST IN THE REAL PROPERTY WHEN THE APPELLEE DID NOT PRESENT ANY EVIDENCE AS TO THE VALUE OF APPELLEE’S ONE-HALF INTEREST IN THE REAL ESTATE NOR DID APPELLEE PRESENT ANY EVIDENCE AS TO THE AMOUNT OF MONIES REQUESTED AS DAMAGES.”
FOURTH ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN ORDERING THE APPELLANT PAY TO APPELLEE THE SUM OF $250 FOR THE AMOUNT CONTRIBUTED BY SHERI DOWNARD FOR THE PURCHASE OF THE PICK-UP TRUCK WHEN NO EVIDENCE WAS PRESENTED REGARDING THE PURCHASE PRICE NOR THE VALUE OF TH PICK-UP TRUCK.”
{¶ 3} In June 2002, the parties purchased two acres of land from appellee’s aunt and
uncle. The deed conveyed to each party an undivided one-half interest with survivorship rights.
A few months later, appellee executed a quit-claim deed to transfer her interest to appellant.1
The parties then expended joint funds to build and furnish a home, and to purchase a 1995 Chevy
S10 truck that, although titled in appellant’s name, was apparently purchased for appellee’s son's
1 Appellee testified that appellant told her that property taxes would be less if the land is in his name. In the wake of her recent hysterectomy and medication, she explained that she believed his assertion. JACKSON, 12CA1 3
use.2
{¶ 4} In 2007, the parties ended their relationship and appellant demanded that the
appellee and her son “vacate the premises.”3 Appellee commenced the instant action to recover
her share of the home and the motor vehicle. Appellant denied liability and asserted a number
of defenses.
{¶ 5} At the hearing, appellee testified about her involvement in purchasing both the
land and the vehicle. Appellee's son, Zach Downard, also testified concerning events insofar as
the Chevy S10. Appellant elected to represent himself at trial, but offered no evidence.
{¶ 6} After hearing the evidence, the trial court concluded that appellant held appellee’s
interest in the home in constructive trust. The court ordered appellant to re-convey to appellee
her interest in the land and to repay appellee the amount she contributed for the vehicle. That
judgment was appealed, but we dismissed the appeal. See Downard v. Gilliland, 4th Dist. No.
10CA2, 2011-Ohio-1783, at ¶¶12-14 (Downard I).
{¶ 7} Subsequently, the trial court issued a nunc pro tunc judgment, substantially the
same as the 2010 judgment, but finding that the truck's purchase price was $500 and ordered
appellant to pay appellee “the sum of $250.00 for the amount contributed by [her] for the
2 The explanation provided at the hearing was that auto insurance would be more inexpensive if the vehicle was titled in appellant’s name, rather than in the name of a sixteen year old boy. 3 A prior case that involved the alleged conversion of appellee’s personal property came before us in Downard v. th Gilliland, 4 Dist. No. 07CA11, 2008-Ohio-3155. JACKSON, 12CA1 4
purchase of the pick-up truck.” This appeal followed.4
I
{¶ 8} We jointly consider appellant’s first and second assignments of error because they
challenge the trial court’s finding of a constructive trust. Appellant assert that no evidence was
adduced to support this decision and, further, that no evidence was adduced at trial concerning
fraud, duress, or other wrong doing that would support the imposition of a constructive trust.
{¶ 9} A constructive trust is an equitable remedy used when property has been acquired
in such circumstances that the holder of the legal title may not in good conscience retain the
beneficial interest. See Bishop v. Bishop, 188 Ohio App.3d 98, 2010-Ohio-2958, 934 N.E.2d
420, at ¶16 (4th Dist); Franks v. Rankin, 10th Dist. Nos. 11AP–934, 11AP–962, 2012-Ohio-1920,
at ¶56.
{¶ 10} The uncontroverted evidence adduced during the trial court proceeding reveals
that the parties used "joint funds” to buy the property and to build and furnish the home.
Appellee testified that she received no money from appellant for her share of the property, that
she did not intend to relinquish her interest and that she quit-claimed her interest simply because
appellant told her that the property taxes would be less expensive.
{¶ 11} Generally, an appellate court will not reverse a trial court’s judgment if supported
4 Appellant's brief sets forth four separate assignments of error, but the brief contains one argument. App.R. 16(A)(7) requires a brief to contain an argument “with respect to each assignment of error.” Although appellate courts may th choose to simultaneously address two or more assignments of error, the parties may not. See Powell v. Vallandingham, 4 Dist. No. 10CA24, 2011–Ohio–3208, at ¶24; Keffer v. Cent. Mut. Ins. Co., 4th Dist. No. 06CA652, 2007–Ohio–3984, at ¶8, fn. 2. Thus, App.R. 12(A)(2) permits us to disregard these assignments of error. However, in the interest of justice, we will consider the merits of the appeal. JACKSON, 12CA1 5
by some competent and credible evidence. Shemo v. Mayfield Hts., 88 Ohio St.3d 7, 10, 722
N.E.2d 1018 (2000); C.E. Morris Co. v. Foley Constr. Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 8 O.O.3d 261,
376 N.E.2d 578, syllabus (1978). This standard of review is highly deferential and even “some”
evidence is sufficient to support a court's judgment and to prevent a reversal. Barkley v. Barkley,
119 Ohio App.3d 155, 159, 694 N.E.2d 989 (4th Dist. 1997); Willman v. Cole, 4th Dist. No.
01CA725, 2002-Ohio-3596, ¶24. In the case sub judice, we believe that appellee’s testimony
provided ample evidence to support the finding that appellant should not, in good conscience, be
allowed to retain appellee's interest in the land. Appellant also contends that no evidence of
fraud, wrongdoing or duress was adduced at trial. We agree, but no such evidence is needed. A
constructive trust may be imposed when it is against the principles of equity that a certain person
retain the property, even though the property was acquired without fraud or other malfeasance.
Goddard v.
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[Cite as Downard v. Gilliland, 2012-Ohio-5491.] IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT JACKSON COUNTY
SHERI DOWNARD, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : Case No. 12CA1
vs. :
DANNY GILLILAND, : DECISION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY
Defendant-Appellant. :
APPEARANCES:
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT: Marie Moraleja Hoover and R. Tracy Hoover, 621 Seventh Street, Portsmouth, Ohio 45662
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE: William S. Cole, 227 East Main Street, P.O. Box 427, Jackson, Ohio 45640
CIVIL APPEAL FROM COMMON PLEAS COURT DATE JOURNALIZED: 11-19-12 ABELE, P.J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from a Jackson County Common Pleas Court judgment in favor
of Sheri Downard, plaintiff below and appellee herein, on her claims against Danny Gilliland,
defendant below and appellant herein.
{¶ 2} Appellant assigns the following errors for review:
FIRST ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN DECIDING THAT THE REAL PROPERTY THAT WAS OWNED BY DEED BY THE APPELLANT WAS BEING HELD BY APPELLANT IN CONSTRUCTIVE TRUST FOR THE BENEFIT OF APPELLEE[.]” JACKSON, 12CA1 2
SECOND ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE IN THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE OF FRAUD, WRONGDOING, DURESS, ETC.”
THIRD ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN ORDERING THE APPELLANT TO CONVEY TO APPELLEE HIS DEED FOR THE ONE-HALF UNDIVIDED INTEREST IN THE REAL PROPERTY WHEN THE APPELLEE DID NOT PRESENT ANY EVIDENCE AS TO THE VALUE OF APPELLEE’S ONE-HALF INTEREST IN THE REAL ESTATE NOR DID APPELLEE PRESENT ANY EVIDENCE AS TO THE AMOUNT OF MONIES REQUESTED AS DAMAGES.”
FOURTH ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN ORDERING THE APPELLANT PAY TO APPELLEE THE SUM OF $250 FOR THE AMOUNT CONTRIBUTED BY SHERI DOWNARD FOR THE PURCHASE OF THE PICK-UP TRUCK WHEN NO EVIDENCE WAS PRESENTED REGARDING THE PURCHASE PRICE NOR THE VALUE OF TH PICK-UP TRUCK.”
{¶ 3} In June 2002, the parties purchased two acres of land from appellee’s aunt and
uncle. The deed conveyed to each party an undivided one-half interest with survivorship rights.
A few months later, appellee executed a quit-claim deed to transfer her interest to appellant.1
The parties then expended joint funds to build and furnish a home, and to purchase a 1995 Chevy
S10 truck that, although titled in appellant’s name, was apparently purchased for appellee’s son's
1 Appellee testified that appellant told her that property taxes would be less if the land is in his name. In the wake of her recent hysterectomy and medication, she explained that she believed his assertion. JACKSON, 12CA1 3
use.2
{¶ 4} In 2007, the parties ended their relationship and appellant demanded that the
appellee and her son “vacate the premises.”3 Appellee commenced the instant action to recover
her share of the home and the motor vehicle. Appellant denied liability and asserted a number
of defenses.
{¶ 5} At the hearing, appellee testified about her involvement in purchasing both the
land and the vehicle. Appellee's son, Zach Downard, also testified concerning events insofar as
the Chevy S10. Appellant elected to represent himself at trial, but offered no evidence.
{¶ 6} After hearing the evidence, the trial court concluded that appellant held appellee’s
interest in the home in constructive trust. The court ordered appellant to re-convey to appellee
her interest in the land and to repay appellee the amount she contributed for the vehicle. That
judgment was appealed, but we dismissed the appeal. See Downard v. Gilliland, 4th Dist. No.
10CA2, 2011-Ohio-1783, at ¶¶12-14 (Downard I).
{¶ 7} Subsequently, the trial court issued a nunc pro tunc judgment, substantially the
same as the 2010 judgment, but finding that the truck's purchase price was $500 and ordered
appellant to pay appellee “the sum of $250.00 for the amount contributed by [her] for the
2 The explanation provided at the hearing was that auto insurance would be more inexpensive if the vehicle was titled in appellant’s name, rather than in the name of a sixteen year old boy. 3 A prior case that involved the alleged conversion of appellee’s personal property came before us in Downard v. th Gilliland, 4 Dist. No. 07CA11, 2008-Ohio-3155. JACKSON, 12CA1 4
purchase of the pick-up truck.” This appeal followed.4
I
{¶ 8} We jointly consider appellant’s first and second assignments of error because they
challenge the trial court’s finding of a constructive trust. Appellant assert that no evidence was
adduced to support this decision and, further, that no evidence was adduced at trial concerning
fraud, duress, or other wrong doing that would support the imposition of a constructive trust.
{¶ 9} A constructive trust is an equitable remedy used when property has been acquired
in such circumstances that the holder of the legal title may not in good conscience retain the
beneficial interest. See Bishop v. Bishop, 188 Ohio App.3d 98, 2010-Ohio-2958, 934 N.E.2d
420, at ¶16 (4th Dist); Franks v. Rankin, 10th Dist. Nos. 11AP–934, 11AP–962, 2012-Ohio-1920,
at ¶56.
{¶ 10} The uncontroverted evidence adduced during the trial court proceeding reveals
that the parties used "joint funds” to buy the property and to build and furnish the home.
Appellee testified that she received no money from appellant for her share of the property, that
she did not intend to relinquish her interest and that she quit-claimed her interest simply because
appellant told her that the property taxes would be less expensive.
{¶ 11} Generally, an appellate court will not reverse a trial court’s judgment if supported
4 Appellant's brief sets forth four separate assignments of error, but the brief contains one argument. App.R. 16(A)(7) requires a brief to contain an argument “with respect to each assignment of error.” Although appellate courts may th choose to simultaneously address two or more assignments of error, the parties may not. See Powell v. Vallandingham, 4 Dist. No. 10CA24, 2011–Ohio–3208, at ¶24; Keffer v. Cent. Mut. Ins. Co., 4th Dist. No. 06CA652, 2007–Ohio–3984, at ¶8, fn. 2. Thus, App.R. 12(A)(2) permits us to disregard these assignments of error. However, in the interest of justice, we will consider the merits of the appeal. JACKSON, 12CA1 5
by some competent and credible evidence. Shemo v. Mayfield Hts., 88 Ohio St.3d 7, 10, 722
N.E.2d 1018 (2000); C.E. Morris Co. v. Foley Constr. Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 8 O.O.3d 261,
376 N.E.2d 578, syllabus (1978). This standard of review is highly deferential and even “some”
evidence is sufficient to support a court's judgment and to prevent a reversal. Barkley v. Barkley,
119 Ohio App.3d 155, 159, 694 N.E.2d 989 (4th Dist. 1997); Willman v. Cole, 4th Dist. No.
01CA725, 2002-Ohio-3596, ¶24. In the case sub judice, we believe that appellee’s testimony
provided ample evidence to support the finding that appellant should not, in good conscience, be
allowed to retain appellee's interest in the land. Appellant also contends that no evidence of
fraud, wrongdoing or duress was adduced at trial. We agree, but no such evidence is needed. A
constructive trust may be imposed when it is against the principles of equity that a certain person
retain the property, even though the property was acquired without fraud or other malfeasance.
Goddard v. Goddard, 192 Ohio App.3d 718, 2011-Ohio-680, 950 N.E.2d 567 at ¶31 (4th Dist.);
Baillis v. Ross, 2nd Dist. No. No. 97259, 2012-Ohio-705, at ¶32 In re Estate of Workman, 4th
Dist. No. 07CA39, 2008-Ohio- 3351, at ¶24. It may well be that appellant truly believed that the
property taxes would be decreased if the real estate was titled in his name alone. However, even
if he did so believe, the fact remains that it is inequitable to allow him to retain appellee’s interest
when she contributed to the purchase of the land and the residence, but received nothing in return
for transferring her interest.
{¶ 12} For all these reasons, we hereby overrule appellant's first and second assignments
of error.
II
{¶ 13} In his third assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court erroneously JACKSON, 12CA1 6
ordered him to convey to appellee a one-half interest in the property without first determining its
value.
{¶ 14} We recognize that in Downard I, we dismissed the appeal, in part, because the
trial court's Decision and Order did not contain a clear pronouncement of the trial court's
judgment. We pointed out that one of the problems with the judgment involved the absence of a
monetary value assigned to the one-half interest in real estate that the court ordered appellant to
convey. However, we do recognize that the appellee sought an equitable remedy of a
reconveyance of the interest in the real estate and, as such, the judgment may not have
necessarily been deficient in this particular regard. A court should have the option to select a
remedy that will best serve and benefit the parties' interests.
{¶ 15} Accordingly, based upon the foregoing reasons, we hereby overrule appellant's
third assignment of error.
III
{¶ 16} In his fourth assignment of error, appellant asserts that the trial court erred by
ordering him to pay appellee $250 for her share of the truck's purchase price. We agree.
{¶ 17} As appellant correctly points out, no evidence appears in the record with regard to
the vehicle's purchase price. Neither appellee nor her son testified to that issue and no
documentary evidence was adduced on that point. Appellee argues, however, that “[t]he Court’s
file contained a copy of the title to the motor vehicle which indicates purchase price of $500.00."
She does not, however, indicate where that title is located in the original papers. A copy of the
title does appear to be attached as an exhibit to appellant’s brief in Downard I, but the purchase
price is illegible. JACKSON, 12CA1 7
{¶ 18} Moreover, the truck’s purchase price is arguably irrelevant. Appellee’s fifth
cause of action in the complaint, and her demand for damages, asked that the vehicle be
appraised and that she be compensated for her half interest. The complaint alleges that the
vehicle was purchased in June 2006. This occurred approximately four years before judgment
was first entered against appellant and the uncontroverted evidence indicated that the truck has
been involved in an accident. Although some testimony was adduced that certain repairs and
improvements have been made, it is safe to assume that the truck's purchase price no longer
reflects evidence of its present value.
{¶ 19} Accordingly, based upon the foregoing reasons, we hereby sustain appellant's
fourth assignment of error.
{¶ 20} Having sustained appellant's third and fourth assignments of error, we hereby
affirm, in part, and reverse, in part, the trial court's judgment. This matter will be remanded for
further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED, IN PART, AND REVERSED, IN PART, AND CASE REMANDED FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS CONSISTENT WITH THIS OPINION. JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the judgment be affirmed, in part, and reversed, in part and the case
remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. Appellant and appellee shall
equally divide the costs herein taxed.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal. JACKSON, 12CA1 8
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Jackson County
Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute that mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Harsha, J. & McFarland, J.: Concur in Judgment & Opinion For the Court
BY: Peter B. Abele Presiding Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment entry and the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with the clerk.