Case: 18-15155 Date Filed: 08/16/2019 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 18-15155 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 6:17-cv-00574-RBD-TBS
DOROTHY FISHER,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
versus
GREGORY WHITLOCK, a resident of the State of Tennessee, AUTHORHOUSE, LLC, an Indiana Limited Liability Co.,
Defendants - Appellees.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida ________________________
(August 16, 2019) Case: 18-15155 Date Filed: 08/16/2019 Page: 2 of 7
Before WILLIAM PRYOR, GRANT, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Dorothy Fisher appeals pro se the district court’s order striking her
post-judgment motion “for [the] judge to state his jurisdiction.” On appeal, Fisher
appears to argue that the district court violated her right to due process by striking
her motion. She asserts 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claims against the defendants and the
district court judge and malpractice claims against her alleged attorneys. Fisher
further requests that we appoint her an attorney and argues that the district court
violated her Sixth Amendment rights by refusing to do so. She also argues the
merits of her underlying claim for misappropriated royalties.
I.
We have an obligation to review sua sponte whether we have jurisdiction at
any point in the appellate process. Reaves v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t. of Corr., 717 F.3d
886, 905 (11th Cir. 2013). “[T]he timely filing of a notice of appeal in a civil case
is a jurisdictional requirement.” Bowles v. Russell, 551 U.S. 205, 214 (2007). A
notice of appeal is timely if it is filed “within 30 days after entry of the judgment or
order appealed from.” Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A). However, when Fed. R. Civ. P.
58(a) requires the district court to set forth the judgment on a separate document,
and the court does not do so, the time to appeal is extended to 150 days from the
entry of the order. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(7)(A). A judgment on a Fed. R. Civ. P. 60
2 Case: 18-15155 Date Filed: 08/16/2019 Page: 3 of 7
motion (“Rule 60 motion”) need not be set forth in a separate document. Fed. R.
Civ. P. 58(a). A Rule 60 motion filed within 28 days of a judgment suspends any
notice of appeal that has been filed until the district court enters an order disposing
of the motion. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(vi), (B)(i). However, to appeal that
subsequent order, a party must renew its notice of appeal after the district court
enters the order. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(B)(ii).
We review a district court’s decision to strike a pleading for abuse of
discretion. State Exch. Bank v. Hartline, 693 F.2d 1350, 1352 (11th Cir. 1982).
To constitute an abuse of discretion, a ruling must rest on “a clearly erroneous
fact-finding, an errant conclusion of law, or an improper application of law to
fact.” Bhogaita v. Altamonte Heights Condo. Ass’n, Inc., 765 F.3d 1277, 1291
(11th Cir. 2014) (quotation marks omitted). We will generally not consider issues
“raised for the first time on appeal.” United States v. S. Fabricating Co., Inc., 764
F.2d 780, 781 (11th Cir. 1985) (per curiam). Conversely, issues not raised on
appeal are considered abandoned. United States v. Ford, 270 F.3d 1346, 1347
(11th Cir. 2001) (per curiam). This rule applies even to pro se plaintiffs. See
Horsley v. Feldt, 304 F.3d 1125, 1127 n.1 (11th Cir. 2002). While pro se
pleadings are liberally construed, “this leniency does not give a court license to
serve as de facto counsel for a party, or to rewrite an otherwise deficient pleading
3 Case: 18-15155 Date Filed: 08/16/2019 Page: 4 of 7
in order to sustain an action.” Campbell v. Air Jamaica Ltd., 760 F.3d 1165,
1168-69 (11th Cir. 2014) (quotation marks omitted).
A district court possesses the power to manage its docket and curb vexatious
litigation. See Young v. City of Palm Bay, Fla., 358 F.3d 859, 864 (11th Cir.
2004). In addition to the authority provided by the Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure, a court has “inherent authority” to enforce its orders and ensure prompt
disposition of legal actions. State Exch. Bank, 693 F.2d at 1352. This includes the
power to strike a party’s pleading for failure to follow court orders. Id.
The Fifth Amendment, which provides that “[n]o person shall be deprived of
life, liberty, or property, without due process of law,” U.S. Const. amend. V., limits
a court’s exercise of its inherent powers, see Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S.
32, 50 (1991). A court’s order striking a pleading does not violate due process if it
is “commensurate with the [party’s] level of misconduct.” Eagle Hosp.
Physicians, LLC v. SRG Consulting, Inc., 561 F.3d 1298, 1306-07 (11th Cir. 2009).
The Sixth Amendment guarantees a criminal defendant “a speedy and public
trial,” “an impartial jury,” and “the Assistance of Counsel.” U.S. Const. amend.
VI. Generally, “[a] plaintiff in a civil case has no constitutional right to counsel.”
Bass v. Perrin, 170 F.3d 1312, 1320 (11th Cir. 1999). Civil cases presenting novel
or complex issues or exceptional circumstances may, however, warrant
4 Case: 18-15155 Date Filed: 08/16/2019 Page: 5 of 7
appointment of counsel. See Kilgo v. Ricks, 983 F.2d 189, 193 (11th Cir. 1993);
Fowler v. Jones, 899 F.2d 1088, 1096 (11th Cir. 1990).
Motions for reconsideration cannot “be used to relitigate old matters, raise
argument[s,] or present evidence that could have been raised prior to the entry of
judgment.” Richardson v. Johnson, 598 F.3d 734, 740 (11th Cir. 2010) (per
curiam) (quotation mark omitted).
As an initial matter, while Fisher’s notices of appeal refer to the “whole
case,” they are only timely with respect to the district court’s November 28, 2018,
order. Fed. R.
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Case: 18-15155 Date Filed: 08/16/2019 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 18-15155 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 6:17-cv-00574-RBD-TBS
DOROTHY FISHER,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
versus
GREGORY WHITLOCK, a resident of the State of Tennessee, AUTHORHOUSE, LLC, an Indiana Limited Liability Co.,
Defendants - Appellees.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida ________________________
(August 16, 2019) Case: 18-15155 Date Filed: 08/16/2019 Page: 2 of 7
Before WILLIAM PRYOR, GRANT, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Dorothy Fisher appeals pro se the district court’s order striking her
post-judgment motion “for [the] judge to state his jurisdiction.” On appeal, Fisher
appears to argue that the district court violated her right to due process by striking
her motion. She asserts 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claims against the defendants and the
district court judge and malpractice claims against her alleged attorneys. Fisher
further requests that we appoint her an attorney and argues that the district court
violated her Sixth Amendment rights by refusing to do so. She also argues the
merits of her underlying claim for misappropriated royalties.
I.
We have an obligation to review sua sponte whether we have jurisdiction at
any point in the appellate process. Reaves v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t. of Corr., 717 F.3d
886, 905 (11th Cir. 2013). “[T]he timely filing of a notice of appeal in a civil case
is a jurisdictional requirement.” Bowles v. Russell, 551 U.S. 205, 214 (2007). A
notice of appeal is timely if it is filed “within 30 days after entry of the judgment or
order appealed from.” Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A). However, when Fed. R. Civ. P.
58(a) requires the district court to set forth the judgment on a separate document,
and the court does not do so, the time to appeal is extended to 150 days from the
entry of the order. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(7)(A). A judgment on a Fed. R. Civ. P. 60
2 Case: 18-15155 Date Filed: 08/16/2019 Page: 3 of 7
motion (“Rule 60 motion”) need not be set forth in a separate document. Fed. R.
Civ. P. 58(a). A Rule 60 motion filed within 28 days of a judgment suspends any
notice of appeal that has been filed until the district court enters an order disposing
of the motion. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(vi), (B)(i). However, to appeal that
subsequent order, a party must renew its notice of appeal after the district court
enters the order. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(B)(ii).
We review a district court’s decision to strike a pleading for abuse of
discretion. State Exch. Bank v. Hartline, 693 F.2d 1350, 1352 (11th Cir. 1982).
To constitute an abuse of discretion, a ruling must rest on “a clearly erroneous
fact-finding, an errant conclusion of law, or an improper application of law to
fact.” Bhogaita v. Altamonte Heights Condo. Ass’n, Inc., 765 F.3d 1277, 1291
(11th Cir. 2014) (quotation marks omitted). We will generally not consider issues
“raised for the first time on appeal.” United States v. S. Fabricating Co., Inc., 764
F.2d 780, 781 (11th Cir. 1985) (per curiam). Conversely, issues not raised on
appeal are considered abandoned. United States v. Ford, 270 F.3d 1346, 1347
(11th Cir. 2001) (per curiam). This rule applies even to pro se plaintiffs. See
Horsley v. Feldt, 304 F.3d 1125, 1127 n.1 (11th Cir. 2002). While pro se
pleadings are liberally construed, “this leniency does not give a court license to
serve as de facto counsel for a party, or to rewrite an otherwise deficient pleading
3 Case: 18-15155 Date Filed: 08/16/2019 Page: 4 of 7
in order to sustain an action.” Campbell v. Air Jamaica Ltd., 760 F.3d 1165,
1168-69 (11th Cir. 2014) (quotation marks omitted).
A district court possesses the power to manage its docket and curb vexatious
litigation. See Young v. City of Palm Bay, Fla., 358 F.3d 859, 864 (11th Cir.
2004). In addition to the authority provided by the Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure, a court has “inherent authority” to enforce its orders and ensure prompt
disposition of legal actions. State Exch. Bank, 693 F.2d at 1352. This includes the
power to strike a party’s pleading for failure to follow court orders. Id.
The Fifth Amendment, which provides that “[n]o person shall be deprived of
life, liberty, or property, without due process of law,” U.S. Const. amend. V., limits
a court’s exercise of its inherent powers, see Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S.
32, 50 (1991). A court’s order striking a pleading does not violate due process if it
is “commensurate with the [party’s] level of misconduct.” Eagle Hosp.
Physicians, LLC v. SRG Consulting, Inc., 561 F.3d 1298, 1306-07 (11th Cir. 2009).
The Sixth Amendment guarantees a criminal defendant “a speedy and public
trial,” “an impartial jury,” and “the Assistance of Counsel.” U.S. Const. amend.
VI. Generally, “[a] plaintiff in a civil case has no constitutional right to counsel.”
Bass v. Perrin, 170 F.3d 1312, 1320 (11th Cir. 1999). Civil cases presenting novel
or complex issues or exceptional circumstances may, however, warrant
4 Case: 18-15155 Date Filed: 08/16/2019 Page: 5 of 7
appointment of counsel. See Kilgo v. Ricks, 983 F.2d 189, 193 (11th Cir. 1993);
Fowler v. Jones, 899 F.2d 1088, 1096 (11th Cir. 1990).
Motions for reconsideration cannot “be used to relitigate old matters, raise
argument[s,] or present evidence that could have been raised prior to the entry of
judgment.” Richardson v. Johnson, 598 F.3d 734, 740 (11th Cir. 2010) (per
curiam) (quotation mark omitted).
As an initial matter, while Fisher’s notices of appeal refer to the “whole
case,” they are only timely with respect to the district court’s November 28, 2018,
order. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A), (7)(A). Fisher filed her notice of appeal more
than 150 days after the district court issued its order dismissing her case and more
than 30 days after its order denying her Rule 60(b) motion. Fed. R. App. P.
4(a)(1)(A), (7)(A). Similarly, she filed her notice of appeal more than 30 days
after the district court’s orders denying her motions “for a[n] ex parte hearing,”
“for [the] court to show what laws it use[d] to den[y] reconsideration,” and “for
[the] defendants to show [a] contract signed between [the] plaintiff and
defendants,” and striking her motion “for [the] court to set [a] court date on [the]
whole case.” Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A). Nor did Fisher properly appeal the
district court’s denial of her “motion for written objection.” Even liberally
construing that motion as a Rule 60 motion, it was not filed within 28 days after
any final judgment Fisher seeks to appeal from, and she did not renew her notice of
5 Case: 18-15155 Date Filed: 08/16/2019 Page: 6 of 7
appeal after the court denied the motion. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(vi), (B); Fed.
R. Civ. P. 60. Thus, this Court has jurisdiction only to review the district court’s
order striking Fisher’s motion “for [the] judge to state his jurisdiction.” Bowles,
551 U.S. at 214.
Fisher does not explicitly address the district court’s order striking the
instant motion. However, her brief could be construed liberally as alleging that
striking the motion violated her constitutional right to due process. Campbell, 760
F.3d at 1168-69. The other arguments in Fisher’s brief are largely irrelevant to the
issue on appeal. Her § 1983 and malpractice claims are not properly before this
Court, as they were not presented to the district court in the instant motion. See S.
Fabricating Co., 764 F.2d at 781. Fisher’s Sixth Amendment claim is without
merit, as she is not a defendant in a criminal proceeding. See U.S. Const. amend.
VI; Bass, 170 F.3d at 1320. And, as explained below, this appeal presents only
straightforward questions of the district court’s exercise of its inherent powers,
which are not novel or complex issues warranting the appointment of counsel. See
Kilgo, 983 F.2d at 193; Fowler, 899 F.2d at 1096.
The instant motion was, functionally, Fisher’s fifth motion seeking
reconsideration of the order denying her Rule 60(b) motion for relief from
judgment. In it, Fisher simply disputed the district court’s prior orders and
advanced the same arguments that it had rejected multiple times. Richardson, 598
6 Case: 18-15155 Date Filed: 08/16/2019 Page: 7 of 7
F.3d at 740. Moreover, the district court had explained to her that her case had
been closed and that she could not continue to file duplicative motions raising the
same issues. The district court did not abuse its discretion in exercising its inherent
power to manage its docket to strike Fisher’s motion. State Exch. Bank, 693 F.2d
at 1352; Bhogaita, 765 F.3d at 1291. Moreover, it did not deprive Fisher of due
process because striking the motion was commensurate with her failure to follow
the court’s repeated instructions not to continue filing motions in a closed case.
See Eagle Hosp, 561 F.3d 1307.
AFFIRMED.