Laughlin, J.:
This action is based on a statute of New Jersey,
The appellant assigns three grounds for reversal: (1) That decedent was guilty of contributory negligence; (2) that no negligence on the part of the defendant was shown, and (3) that there were errors in the charge.
On the afternoon of the day in question the defendant sent one of its drivers from New York with a single horse and covered delivery wagon to deliver a Smith Premier typewriter to the offices of said railroad company at Hoboken for a demonstration and to wait and bring it back after the demonstration. The driver appears to have known where the offices were, and as he drove off the driveway from the ferry boat he turned to the right and stopped near the foot of the stairs leading to the offices and left the horse standing there and carried the machine upstairs to the offices where it was destined, and when he returned to his horse and wagon he was notified by a man in- a blue uniform with brass buttons, whom he took to be an employee of the railroad company, that the horse and wagon could not remain where they were, and he was directed to take them to a team gangway some distance to the left between the ferry waiting room and a storeroom. He turned around and drove to the place to which he was directed to go and stopped in the rear of a wagon from which commissary supplies were being unloaded into the storeroom. This place was not in sight of any train, and without locking or braking the wheels or hitching the horse, he left the horse, which was fifteen or sixteen years old and had been driven by him for four or five years, and showed no evidence of restlessness, and was not supposed to be afraid of anything, and had customarily been [866]*866left standing without hitching, standing there and returned to the office where he had left the typewriter to see if it was ready to he removed. Finding that it was not he came hack to look after the horse and returned to the office twice, and the last time remained away from twenty minutes.to half an hour, according to his testimony, but evidently it was longer, and in the meantime the accident occurred.
The circumstances attending the accident are narrated by two eye-witnesses, and their testimony is to the same general effect. This testimony tends to show that the horse had moved forward some rods, turning to the right and around the ferry waiting room to the edge of the concourse over which passengers passed to and from trains, and there stood quietly for about fifteen minutes and then showed evidence of restlessness by stamping and moving about, and finally started forward toward the concourse and locked one of the wheels around an iron column and was thrown down; that the decedent was repairing a baggage automobile in the vicinity and he and one Pendergast, the ticket agent, went to the assistance of the horse, and after it regained its feet they quieted it and the decedent resumed his work; that five or ten minutes later a train known as “ the shop train ” with laborers came in on a track alongside of the wagon and stopped with the engine immediately opposite the horse; that. the horse thereupon started to rear and plunge and kick and threw itself down again; that the decedent, Pendergast and another attempted to control the horse and not succeeding in controlling it while it was down they assisted it to its feet, and then the horse tried to plunge forward where hundreds of employees and passengers were passing, and while they were endeavoring to hold the horse back it swerved to the right and pinioned the decedent between the footboard of the wagon and an iron column supporting the roof over the concourse inflicting injuries from which he died.
It is contended on behalf of the appellant that inasmuch as the decedent was in charge of the premises, he was negligent in leaving the horse unhitched and unattended in close proximity to the track where this train was due to arrive shortly, and that he and the others were negligent in not holding the [867]*867horse’s head down the last time, instead of assisting the horse to its feet. It is true the decedent had sufficient authority to take charge of the horse and remove it from that place; hut there is no evidence that he was aware of the fact that the horse had moved' from the place where it had been left by the driver, and, on the assumption that decedent inferred as the jury might have found, that the driver left the horse there, the jury might well find that the decedent was justified in believing that the driver would take charge of the horse very soon, and that the horse would not have been left there if it would take fright from a locomotive or train. Negligence cannot be imputed to the decedent, as matter of law, for attempting to assist and control the horse the second time, for then the horse was threatening the safety óf employees and passengers who, presumably, were not aware of the danger; nor can it be held, as matter of law, that he was guilty of any contributory negligence.
The question of defendant’s negligence was also one for the jury, for although the place where the horse was left was not a public street, it was a public place for the time being by the consent of the owner and by usage; and leaving a horse unattended and untied in such a place was evidence from which negligence might be inferred. (See Norris v. Kohler, 41 N. Y. 42; Pearl v. Macaulay, 6 App. Div. 70; Manthey v. Rauenbuehler, 71 id. 173; Brand v. Borden’s Condensed Milk Co., 89 id. 188.) The two questions of negligence were, therefore, properly left to the jury.
I am of opinion, however, that the court erred in refusing to charge certain requests presented by appellant. By defendant’s seventeenth request the court was asked to charge as follows: “ That if the jury find that the plaintiff’s decedent, the station master, was negligent after learning of the nervous condition of the horse as stated by the witness Pendergast, during the hour which elapsed between the time when the horse first began to be nervous, to prance and to evince a disposition to run away, in not removing the horse from its proximity to the railroad track upon which a train was due to arrive, or not tying said horse, or putting him in the charge or care of some competent person,- and that this negligence contributed to decedent’s injury, their verdict must be for the defendant.”
[868]
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Laughlin, J.:
This action is based on a statute of New Jersey,
The appellant assigns three grounds for reversal: (1) That decedent was guilty of contributory negligence; (2) that no negligence on the part of the defendant was shown, and (3) that there were errors in the charge.
On the afternoon of the day in question the defendant sent one of its drivers from New York with a single horse and covered delivery wagon to deliver a Smith Premier typewriter to the offices of said railroad company at Hoboken for a demonstration and to wait and bring it back after the demonstration. The driver appears to have known where the offices were, and as he drove off the driveway from the ferry boat he turned to the right and stopped near the foot of the stairs leading to the offices and left the horse standing there and carried the machine upstairs to the offices where it was destined, and when he returned to his horse and wagon he was notified by a man in- a blue uniform with brass buttons, whom he took to be an employee of the railroad company, that the horse and wagon could not remain where they were, and he was directed to take them to a team gangway some distance to the left between the ferry waiting room and a storeroom. He turned around and drove to the place to which he was directed to go and stopped in the rear of a wagon from which commissary supplies were being unloaded into the storeroom. This place was not in sight of any train, and without locking or braking the wheels or hitching the horse, he left the horse, which was fifteen or sixteen years old and had been driven by him for four or five years, and showed no evidence of restlessness, and was not supposed to be afraid of anything, and had customarily been [866]*866left standing without hitching, standing there and returned to the office where he had left the typewriter to see if it was ready to he removed. Finding that it was not he came hack to look after the horse and returned to the office twice, and the last time remained away from twenty minutes.to half an hour, according to his testimony, but evidently it was longer, and in the meantime the accident occurred.
The circumstances attending the accident are narrated by two eye-witnesses, and their testimony is to the same general effect. This testimony tends to show that the horse had moved forward some rods, turning to the right and around the ferry waiting room to the edge of the concourse over which passengers passed to and from trains, and there stood quietly for about fifteen minutes and then showed evidence of restlessness by stamping and moving about, and finally started forward toward the concourse and locked one of the wheels around an iron column and was thrown down; that the decedent was repairing a baggage automobile in the vicinity and he and one Pendergast, the ticket agent, went to the assistance of the horse, and after it regained its feet they quieted it and the decedent resumed his work; that five or ten minutes later a train known as “ the shop train ” with laborers came in on a track alongside of the wagon and stopped with the engine immediately opposite the horse; that. the horse thereupon started to rear and plunge and kick and threw itself down again; that the decedent, Pendergast and another attempted to control the horse and not succeeding in controlling it while it was down they assisted it to its feet, and then the horse tried to plunge forward where hundreds of employees and passengers were passing, and while they were endeavoring to hold the horse back it swerved to the right and pinioned the decedent between the footboard of the wagon and an iron column supporting the roof over the concourse inflicting injuries from which he died.
It is contended on behalf of the appellant that inasmuch as the decedent was in charge of the premises, he was negligent in leaving the horse unhitched and unattended in close proximity to the track where this train was due to arrive shortly, and that he and the others were negligent in not holding the [867]*867horse’s head down the last time, instead of assisting the horse to its feet. It is true the decedent had sufficient authority to take charge of the horse and remove it from that place; hut there is no evidence that he was aware of the fact that the horse had moved' from the place where it had been left by the driver, and, on the assumption that decedent inferred as the jury might have found, that the driver left the horse there, the jury might well find that the decedent was justified in believing that the driver would take charge of the horse very soon, and that the horse would not have been left there if it would take fright from a locomotive or train. Negligence cannot be imputed to the decedent, as matter of law, for attempting to assist and control the horse the second time, for then the horse was threatening the safety óf employees and passengers who, presumably, were not aware of the danger; nor can it be held, as matter of law, that he was guilty of any contributory negligence.
The question of defendant’s negligence was also one for the jury, for although the place where the horse was left was not a public street, it was a public place for the time being by the consent of the owner and by usage; and leaving a horse unattended and untied in such a place was evidence from which negligence might be inferred. (See Norris v. Kohler, 41 N. Y. 42; Pearl v. Macaulay, 6 App. Div. 70; Manthey v. Rauenbuehler, 71 id. 173; Brand v. Borden’s Condensed Milk Co., 89 id. 188.) The two questions of negligence were, therefore, properly left to the jury.
I am of opinion, however, that the court erred in refusing to charge certain requests presented by appellant. By defendant’s seventeenth request the court was asked to charge as follows: “ That if the jury find that the plaintiff’s decedent, the station master, was negligent after learning of the nervous condition of the horse as stated by the witness Pendergast, during the hour which elapsed between the time when the horse first began to be nervous, to prance and to evince a disposition to run away, in not removing the horse from its proximity to the railroad track upon which a train was due to arrive, or not tying said horse, or putting him in the charge or care of some competent person,- and that this negligence contributed to decedent’s injury, their verdict must be for the defendant.”
[868]*868The court declined so to charge, and modified the request, and instructed the jury that if “ a prudent person in the exercise of reasonable care, after learning of the nervous condition of the horse, as stated by the witness Pendergast, during the hour which elapsed between the time when the horse first began to be nervous, to prance, and evince a disposition to run away, in not removing the horse from its proximity to railroad tracks when the train was due to arrive, or not tying such horse, or putting him in the care of some competent person, and this negligence contributed to the decedent’s injury, the verdict may be for the defendant.”
Doubtless, through inadvertence, something was omitted from the substituted charge, but it may be assumed that the jury understood that they were instructed that if a prudent person would have removed the horse in such circumstances the decedent was negligent in not doing so. The court, however, in effect, left it discretionary with the jury whether or not to render a verdict for the defendant in that event. The jury should have been clearly instructed that the defendant was entitled to a verdict in the event that they so found. Ordinarily, of course, it would be assumed that the court so intended, but in the case at bar the court refused to adopt the request presented by the defendant, which, by the use of the word “must,” if charged, would have made it clear to the jury that it was their peremptory duty to render a verdict for the defendant if they found the facts recited therein, and substituted the word “may” in the charge as modified and given. It is possible that the learned court was of opinion that even though the decedent was negligent in not removing the horse, still the jury might find that that was not a proximate cause of the accident and would not bar a recovery, but that, I think, would be an erroneous view. This error is emphasized by the fact that the court also refused to charge the defendant’s 18th request, which was as follows: “That if the jury find that a person exercising ordinary care in the position of the deceased station master would have removed the horse from the place where he stood in close proximity to the railroad tracks and to an incoming train, or would have tied him or put him in charge of some competent person, [869]*869and that the station master failed to exercise this care and that such failure on his part was negligence that contributed to his injury and death, their verdict must be for the defendant.”
This request is in proper form and embodies a correct proposition of law as applied to this case, and it should have been charged, for it was a vital point in the case, as is shown by the fact that the jury after being sent out returned and asked to have read certain of the evidence relating to the manner in which the horse acted when the decedent was first attracted to it. The exceptions to the refusal of the court to charge these two requests, therefore, present errors prejudicial to the defendant.
It follows that the judgment and order should be reversed and a new trial granted, with costs to appellant to abide the event.
Clarke, J.3 concurred.
See N. J. Laws of 1848, p. 151, as amd. by N. J. Laws of 1897, chap. 58; N. J. Laws of 1907, chap. 149, and N. J. Laws of 1908, chap. 322; 2 N. J. Comp. Stat. 1907, § 7 et seq.— [Rep.