KENNAMER, J.
This action, No. 6273, was instituted in the district court of Noble county by Anna E. Doggett, as plaintiff, against Elmer E. Doggett, H. A. McCandless, the Exchange Bank of Perry, and John M. Morgan, as defendants. The action as 'to the defendant Elmer E. Doggett was to recover permanent alimony and have an accounting as to their property right, and the defendants H. A. McCandless, the Exchange Bank of Perry, and John M. Morgan were made parties on ' account of equities, mortgages, and interest in the property of plaintiff and defendant Elmer E. Doggett.
A second amended petition was filed by the plaintiff, the material allegations of which, in substance, are as follows: That plaintiff, Anna E. Doggett, and defendant Elmer E. Doggett were married on the 24th day of May, 1885, in Marshall county, state of Kansas, and have ever since said date been husband and wife; that for the past 18 years the home of the plaintiff and the defendant Elmer E. Dog'gett has been in Perry, ¡Noble county, Oklahoma; that on account of the fault of the defendant Elmer E. Doggett they had lived separate and apart for more than the last past two years; that during
the time the said plaintiff and defendant cohabited together the said plaintiff discharged her duties as a faithful wife; that the defendant Elmer E. Doggett, for a long time prior -to the separation, had been guilty of extreme cruelty toward the plaintiff, in that he frequently addressed to the plaintiff opprobrious and insulting epithets, and made frequent threats of personal violence, and for a number of years had shown a total want of love and affection for the plaintiff, also displayed a feeling of hatred land ill will toward her; that the' defendant Elmer E. Doggett, within the past year, at divers and sundry times, in the county of Noble, and' at divers and sundry times in the city of Perry, in said county, consorted and cohabited' with lewd and lascivious women; that thp plaintiff is unable to state the true names of said women or to give the various -instances, but among the numerous instances of said- mis-' conduct plaintiff avers that said- defendant Elmer E. Doggett, during the fall of 1912, in the city of Perry, Noble county, Oklahoma, at the hotel on the east side of the public square, committed adultery with a -certain woman, whose name the plaintiff is unable to state. The petition also alleged that the defendant Elmer E. Doggett had struck and abused this plaintiff, causing contusions upon her head and arms.
The petition, as ¡to the property rights, alleged the defendant had earned large sums of money and property; that he concealed and secreted and had in his possession aggregating the sum of $15,000; that for the purpose of defrauding -the plaintiff out of her rights in and to the property, and means of support, the defendant Elmer E. Doggett and the.defendant H. A. McCa-ndless, cashier of the Exchange Bank of Perry, connived and conspired to conceal the facts in relationship to the ownership of said property for the purpose of defrauding -the plaintiff. The plaintiff prayed the judgment of the court for an accounting between her and the defendants, and that the true relation between them and the relation of indebtedness each toward the other be ascertained and determined, and that -out of the funds and properties of said defendant Elmer E. Doggett the court make provision for separate support and maintenance of this plaintiff for suit money, attorney’s fee. and alinvvv nud such other and further relief as might be just and equitable in the premises.
The cause came on for trial on the 29th day of September, 1913. and the plaintiff asked leave of the court to amend her petition filed in the action by verifying the same, which leave was. by the court, granted, and thereupon counsel for the plaintiff and the defendant agreed in open court that the petition and the answer should both be treated as verified, and upon the 1st day of October, 1913, at the close of the testimony, the plaintiff asked leave of the court to amend the prayer of her petition by praying the judgment of the court for a decree of divorce, which the court granted, and the respective parties to this action in all the subsequent proceedings, after said orders were made, treated the pleadings as properly verified. After the evidence in said cause was concluded, on the 1st day of October,, the defendant requested time within which to file brief, which the court allowed, and the cause was continued until the 11th day .of October, and ■on. said date the court- rendered its decree and judgment awarding the plaintiff a divorce from the defendant Elmer E. Doggett, upon the ground of adultery, and awarded her certain property described in the decree as her just part of the property involved in the action.!' • ■ , • ,
The defendants-filed motion for a new trial, which was overruled by the court, and from the júdgment and ’decree entered'in the cause and the order overruling their motion for a new trial the defendants have appealed and assigned 23 assignments of error. For convenience, the parties will be referred to as they appeared in the trial court.
The first two assignments of error presented and argued by counsel for the defendants are that a petition for alimony alone should be verified, and that a court is not authorized in any case to grant a divorce upon an unverified petition.
In the ease at bar, according to the record as amended, counsel for the defendants and the plaintiff, when the plaintiff obtained leave to amend her petition by verifying the same in open court, consented to proceed with the trial of the cause and consider the pleadings as verified, and thereafter the pleadings were considered as verified by the respective parties. And, for the purposes of this cause on appeal, this court will treat the pleadings in the same manner anct way as the parties did in the trial of the cause. While it is the better practice to make the amendment after leave to amend has been granted by the court, nevertheless the rule appears to be supported by the weight of authority that if the cause is tried after the order to amend has been entered without the amendment having been actually made, the necessity for making it is thereby obviated. The reason for the rule is that the order to amend stands for the amendment. 31 Cyc. 387-383: Carter v. Fischer, 127 Ala. 52, 28 South. 376;
Excelsior Mfg. Co. v. Boyle et al., 40 Kan. 202, 26 Pac. 408; Johnston v. Farmers’ F. Ins. Co., 106 Mich. 96; Holland’s Heirs v. Crow et al., 34 N. C. 275.
This court, in the case of Ferris v. Jones, 78 Okla. 154, 189 Pac. 528, approved the rule as announced in the above cases, that if leave be granted to amend but the amendment be not actually made, the order to amend stands for the amendment.
There is another important rule of law which denies to the defendant the right to assail the judgment in this case by reason of the error in not having the petition of the plaintiff verified, and that is that a party cannot complain of error which he has invited. The wisdom of this rule is undoubted and unquestioned, and supported almost universally by the authorities. Gaskill v. Washington Water Power Co., 17 Idaho, 128. 105 Pac. 51; Mercer v. McPherson, 70 Kan. 617, 79 Pac. 118; Rice v. Goodridge, 9 Colo. 237, 11 Pac. 91; Ardmore Oil & Milling Co. v. Robinson, 29 Okla. 79, 116 Pac. 191. ,
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KENNAMER, J.
This action, No. 6273, was instituted in the district court of Noble county by Anna E. Doggett, as plaintiff, against Elmer E. Doggett, H. A. McCandless, the Exchange Bank of Perry, and John M. Morgan, as defendants. The action as 'to the defendant Elmer E. Doggett was to recover permanent alimony and have an accounting as to their property right, and the defendants H. A. McCandless, the Exchange Bank of Perry, and John M. Morgan were made parties on ' account of equities, mortgages, and interest in the property of plaintiff and defendant Elmer E. Doggett.
A second amended petition was filed by the plaintiff, the material allegations of which, in substance, are as follows: That plaintiff, Anna E. Doggett, and defendant Elmer E. Doggett were married on the 24th day of May, 1885, in Marshall county, state of Kansas, and have ever since said date been husband and wife; that for the past 18 years the home of the plaintiff and the defendant Elmer E. Dog'gett has been in Perry, ¡Noble county, Oklahoma; that on account of the fault of the defendant Elmer E. Doggett they had lived separate and apart for more than the last past two years; that during
the time the said plaintiff and defendant cohabited together the said plaintiff discharged her duties as a faithful wife; that the defendant Elmer E. Doggett, for a long time prior -to the separation, had been guilty of extreme cruelty toward the plaintiff, in that he frequently addressed to the plaintiff opprobrious and insulting epithets, and made frequent threats of personal violence, and for a number of years had shown a total want of love and affection for the plaintiff, also displayed a feeling of hatred land ill will toward her; that the' defendant Elmer E. Doggett, within the past year, at divers and sundry times, in the county of Noble, and' at divers and sundry times in the city of Perry, in said county, consorted and cohabited' with lewd and lascivious women; that thp plaintiff is unable to state the true names of said women or to give the various -instances, but among the numerous instances of said- mis-' conduct plaintiff avers that said- defendant Elmer E. Doggett, during the fall of 1912, in the city of Perry, Noble county, Oklahoma, at the hotel on the east side of the public square, committed adultery with a -certain woman, whose name the plaintiff is unable to state. The petition also alleged that the defendant Elmer E. Doggett had struck and abused this plaintiff, causing contusions upon her head and arms.
The petition, as ¡to the property rights, alleged the defendant had earned large sums of money and property; that he concealed and secreted and had in his possession aggregating the sum of $15,000; that for the purpose of defrauding -the plaintiff out of her rights in and to the property, and means of support, the defendant Elmer E. Doggett and the.defendant H. A. McCa-ndless, cashier of the Exchange Bank of Perry, connived and conspired to conceal the facts in relationship to the ownership of said property for the purpose of defrauding -the plaintiff. The plaintiff prayed the judgment of the court for an accounting between her and the defendants, and that the true relation between them and the relation of indebtedness each toward the other be ascertained and determined, and that -out of the funds and properties of said defendant Elmer E. Doggett the court make provision for separate support and maintenance of this plaintiff for suit money, attorney’s fee. and alinvvv nud such other and further relief as might be just and equitable in the premises.
The cause came on for trial on the 29th day of September, 1913. and the plaintiff asked leave of the court to amend her petition filed in the action by verifying the same, which leave was. by the court, granted, and thereupon counsel for the plaintiff and the defendant agreed in open court that the petition and the answer should both be treated as verified, and upon the 1st day of October, 1913, at the close of the testimony, the plaintiff asked leave of the court to amend the prayer of her petition by praying the judgment of the court for a decree of divorce, which the court granted, and the respective parties to this action in all the subsequent proceedings, after said orders were made, treated the pleadings as properly verified. After the evidence in said cause was concluded, on the 1st day of October,, the defendant requested time within which to file brief, which the court allowed, and the cause was continued until the 11th day .of October, and ■on. said date the court- rendered its decree and judgment awarding the plaintiff a divorce from the defendant Elmer E. Doggett, upon the ground of adultery, and awarded her certain property described in the decree as her just part of the property involved in the action.!' • ■ , • ,
The defendants-filed motion for a new trial, which was overruled by the court, and from the júdgment and ’decree entered'in the cause and the order overruling their motion for a new trial the defendants have appealed and assigned 23 assignments of error. For convenience, the parties will be referred to as they appeared in the trial court.
The first two assignments of error presented and argued by counsel for the defendants are that a petition for alimony alone should be verified, and that a court is not authorized in any case to grant a divorce upon an unverified petition.
In the ease at bar, according to the record as amended, counsel for the defendants and the plaintiff, when the plaintiff obtained leave to amend her petition by verifying the same in open court, consented to proceed with the trial of the cause and consider the pleadings as verified, and thereafter the pleadings were considered as verified by the respective parties. And, for the purposes of this cause on appeal, this court will treat the pleadings in the same manner anct way as the parties did in the trial of the cause. While it is the better practice to make the amendment after leave to amend has been granted by the court, nevertheless the rule appears to be supported by the weight of authority that if the cause is tried after the order to amend has been entered without the amendment having been actually made, the necessity for making it is thereby obviated. The reason for the rule is that the order to amend stands for the amendment. 31 Cyc. 387-383: Carter v. Fischer, 127 Ala. 52, 28 South. 376;
Excelsior Mfg. Co. v. Boyle et al., 40 Kan. 202, 26 Pac. 408; Johnston v. Farmers’ F. Ins. Co., 106 Mich. 96; Holland’s Heirs v. Crow et al., 34 N. C. 275.
This court, in the case of Ferris v. Jones, 78 Okla. 154, 189 Pac. 528, approved the rule as announced in the above cases, that if leave be granted to amend but the amendment be not actually made, the order to amend stands for the amendment.
There is another important rule of law which denies to the defendant the right to assail the judgment in this case by reason of the error in not having the petition of the plaintiff verified, and that is that a party cannot complain of error which he has invited. The wisdom of this rule is undoubted and unquestioned, and supported almost universally by the authorities. Gaskill v. Washington Water Power Co., 17 Idaho, 128. 105 Pac. 51; Mercer v. McPherson, 70 Kan. 617, 79 Pac. 118; Rice v. Goodridge, 9 Colo. 237, 11 Pac. 91; Ardmore Oil & Milling Co. v. Robinson, 29 Okla. 79, 116 Pac. 191. ,
The requirement of the statute that a petition be verified is for the purpose of showing that the jurisdiction of the court in a divorce cause is invoked in good faith, and to guard against collusion and bad faith of the parties to the action. After reading the voluminous record in this cause and observing the intensity with which the cause was contested, we have no reason for apprehending that there existed any collusion in this case, but are constrained to conclude it was contested in good faith by the respective parties.
Counsel for defendant Doggett contend, under the 3rd and 4th assignments of error, that the charge of adultery must be specifically pleaded, and that the evidence in the case at bar was insufficient to sustain the decree for divorce upon the ground of adultery. We have examined the record, and believe the pleading in this respect was sufficient, and that the evidence is sufficient to support the decree. The allegations as to adultery should be certain and specific, but no such certainty as is required in indictment for the crime is required of the plead-er, 19 C. J. 109. The allegation need not name-the panticeps criminis when the same is unknown. Mitchell v. Mitchell, 61 N. Y. 398.
While it is true the proof as to adultery must be clear and convincing, nevertheless the law does not require that the fact of adultery be established by any certain number of witnesses, but if it be sufficient to convince the court, after a fair and impartial consideration of it. that the allegations of the petition as to this charge are true, the court is authorized to grant the decree. Tne charge need not be established by direct proof, but may be sustained upon circumstantial evidence, and it is very seldom the charge may be established by direct evidence. 19 C. J. 137; Hartshorn v. Hartshorn, 67 Oklahoma, 168 Pac. 822.
We'cannot say in the case at bar that the decree is not sustained by sufficient evidence. It does appear that the trial court, after having carefully weighed the evidence, considered it sufficient to sustain q decree, and we are unable, after having examined the record, to say there is any error in granting the decree of divorce to the plaintiff.
By the 5th assignment of error counsel for defendant Doggett say that “a ground of divorce is a full and complete defense against same or any other ground.” Without deciding the correctness of this rule, it is sufficient to say in the case at bar that 'the finding of facts, which appear to be supported by the evidence, preclude the conclusion that any ground of divorce existed in favor of the defendant Doggett.
The contention, that the plaintiff and defendant were living separate and apart through fee fault of the' plaintiff is not sustained under the findings of fact as1 announced by the trial court. Therefore, there must have existed good cause for the plaintiff refusing to live with the defendant, and it was not error fon? the trial court to grant the plaintiff a divorce on -account of the misconduct of the defendant occurring subsequent to the hearing -of her former petition i-u -the former action.
Under the 8th assignment of error it is contended that the court erred in awarding the plaintiff alimony, for the -reason that in the former action, where the plaintiff had-been denied a divorce, the 'court -had awarded her temporary alimony, which, the -plaintiff had been receiving. Under sections 4966 and 4975 of Revised Laws of 1910, the court is -authorized to grant separate' maintenance and support where a divorce is denied or in an action for such relief, but such a decre© will not preclude the court in a subsequent action for divorce or operate as a bar to t-he -court granting a decree of divorce and permanent alimony or decreeing an equitable division of the -property of the husband and wife. Lewis v. Lewis, 39 Okla. 407, 135 Pac. 397. Under Section 4975, supra, the court was authorized to make proper temporary provisions for the -support and mainten--anee of the plaintiff although a decree of divorce was denied. Through t-he husband and wife may live separate and apart, ‘ the
husband is not relieve d of his obligation to support the latter as long as a marital relation exists and eonti lues, unless it. is the fault of the wife that ,hey live separate and apart. Nelson on Marriage & Divorce, secs. 1002, 1003.
Upon a review of tb j whole record in the case aifbar, we eonclutt . that the judgment of the court decreeing ti 6 plaintiff a divorce and a certain part of the property accumulated during the 25 yi trs that the plaintiff and defendant lived to¡ ether as husband
m
wife should be affirm© , and this cause having been consolidated l y order of this court with No. 6527 and th decree in cause No 6527 being practically the same division of the property as decreed in cause No. 6273. the same will be affirmed.
It is the modern trend of appellate courts to disregard pure technicalities, which in no way affect the substantial rights of parties in the matter of procedure, and especially is it true in this state under section 6005, Revised Laws of 1910, and in the case at bar we conclude that the most serious "error complained of by the defendants is one that they are at least in part responsible for by their conduct and action, and having failed to specifically call the same to the attention of the trial court in their motion for a new trial, in this situation this court will not award them any relief by reason of such error.
It is, therefore, ordered that the judgments of the tidal court be, and the same are. affirmed.
HARRISON, O. J.. and KANE, JOHNSON. McNEILL, MILLER, and NICHOLSON. JJ.. •concur. ELTING. J., dissents.