Dockins v. State

852 S.W.2d 50, 1993 Tex. App. LEXIS 959, 1993 WL 97621
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedApril 6, 1993
DocketNo. 6-92-144-CR
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 852 S.W.2d 50 (Dockins v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Dockins v. State, 852 S.W.2d 50, 1993 Tex. App. LEXIS 959, 1993 WL 97621 (Tex. Ct. App. 1993).

Opinion

OPINION

CORNELIUS, Chief Justice.

A jury convicted Charles Dockins, Jr. of forgery and assessed his punishment at ninety-nine years’ imprisonment.

On appeal, Dockins contends that a reversal is required because, at the guilt-innocence stage of the trial, the prosecutor read to the jury the paragraphs of the indictment alleging prior convictions; the court allowed a police officer to testify about an oral statement Dockins gave; the court improperly allowed into evidence a typed, but unsigned copy of the statement; and the court allowed the testimony of a witness not revealed by the State’s witness list. We overrule these contentions and affirm the judgment.

Dockins first argues that reversible error occurred when the prosecutor read the enhancement paragraphs of the indictment to the jury at the beginning of trial. Enhancement paragraphs of an indictment are not to be read, after the jury is impaneled, until the hearing on punishment. Tex.Code CRIM.PROC.Ann. art. 36.01 (Vernon Supp.1993). In this case, however, Dockins did not object to the reading of the enhancement paragraphs. A complaint that prior conviction allegations were read at the guilt stage of trial cannot be raised for the first time on appeal. Bell v. State, 504 S.W.2d 498, 501 (Tex.Crim.App.1974); Cox v. State, 422 S.W.2d 929 (Tex.Crim.App.1968); McGee v. State, 689 S.W.2d 915, 918-19 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1985, pet. ref’d); Miller v. State, 623 S.W.2d 491, 492-93 (Tex.App.-Beaumont 1981), aff'd, 692 S.W.2d 88 (Tex.Crim.App.1985). Additionally, at the guilt-innocence stage of the trial, Dockins testified on direct examination by his own attorney that he had twelve prior felony convictions, so the error in reading the enhancement allegations did not contribute to the conviction or the punishment and was harmless.

Dockins next contends that the court erred in admitting his oral statement into evidence. The statement was given to Officer John Penny and was reduced to writing, but Dockins did not sign it. Doc-kins argues that his oral statement was inadmissible because it was not taken under the requirements of Tex.Code Crim. Proc.Ann. art. 38.22, § 3(c) (Vernon Supp. 1993). Dockins’ statement was not recorded as required by Tex.Code Crim.Proc.Ann. art. 38.22, § 3(a), (b) (Vernon Supp.1993), but Subsection (c) of that article provides that an oral statement is admissible if it “contains assertions of facts or circumstances that are found to be true and which conduce to establish the guilt of the accused, such as the finding of secreted or stolen property or the instrument with which [the accused] states the offense was committed.” In this case, the trial court found that Dockins’ statement met the requirements of Article 38.22, § 3(c) and allowed Penny to testify to its contents.

The State relies on Penny’s testimony that Dockins admitted that he committed a forgery about which Penny had not previously known. At a suppression hearing [52]*52regarding the statement, Penny testified as follows:

Q ... Were all of those incidents that he told you about in his confession known to you at that time?
A I don’t believe all of them were. I can’t be positive.
Q All right. Which ones were not?
A The only one I can remember that probably wasn’t one of the checks at the feed store in Detroit.
Q That was not known to you at that time?
A Yeah.
[[Image here]]
Q Now, you stated that you thought there was one check that you were not aware of at the Detroit Feed Store. Do you know which check that would have been?
A Just a second here.
Q Okay. Now, which one of those checks would it have been that you were not aware of at the time he made the confession and that you verified to determine that, in fact, it was a forgery?
A It is check No. 1205 on John Stiles’ account.
Q All right. When did that come into your possession?
A On March 13th, 1992.
Q And that was significantly a time period after these—
A Yes, ma’am.

At a suppression hearing, the trial judge is the sole and exclusive trier of facts and judge of the credibility of witnesses, as well as the weight to be given their testimony. The appellate court determines whether the trial judge’s findings are supported by the record, and also whether the trial court properly applied the law to the facts. Romero v. State, 800 S.W.2d 539, 543 (Tex.Crim.App.1990). The admission of a separate offense unconnected with the offense for which Dockins was being tried does not conduce to establish guilt on the case for which Dockins was being tried. We found no Texas case, nor have we been cited any, that allows an offense totally unconnected with the offense on trial to be used to make an oral statement admissible. The second prong of Article 38.22, § 3(c), “which conduce to establish the guilt of the accused,” establishes a relevancy requirement for the facts and assertions in the oral statements of the accused. Port v. State, 791 S.W.2d 103 (Tex.Crim.App.1990). This second prong cannot be ignored, and because the second prong was not met, the court erred in admitting this statement into evidence.

Having found error, we now must determine whether the error was harmful pursuant to the standards set forth in Tex. R.App.P. 81(b)(2). This rule requires that we must reverse the judgment under review unless we determine beyond a reasonable doubt that the error made no contribution to the conviction or to the punishment. The case against Dockins was overwhelming. Dockins’ defense was not that he had not committed the offense, but rather Doc-kins took the position that drug addiction had caused his criminal behavior. At the guilt-innocence stage of the trial, he testified on direct examination of his own counsel that his oral statement to Penny was true. He admitted to the commission of the offense, and he admitted to the commission of twelve other crimes of a similar nature. The oral statement was cumulative of his direct testimony. The record does not reflect whether the extraneous offense mentioned in the oral statement was one of the twelve prior felony convictions to which Dockins admitted in his testimony, but one additional offense when twelve have already been admitted is not likely to have much impact. We find beyond a reasonable doubt that the admission of Dockins’ oral statement, and his typed version which was admitted into evidence, made no contribution to Dockins’ conviction or punishment.

In regard to Dockins’ claim that admission of the statement violated due process, Dockins argues that no safeguards ensured that he himself had made the statements contained in the unsigned document.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
852 S.W.2d 50, 1993 Tex. App. LEXIS 959, 1993 WL 97621, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/dockins-v-state-texapp-1993.