Dixon v. Superior Discounts & Custom Muffler

118 A.D.3d 1487, 988 N.Y.S.2d 817

Opinion

Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court, Onondaga County (Brian F. DeJoseph, J), entered January 24, 2013. The order granted the motion of defendants for summary judgment dismissing the complaint.

It is hereby ordered that the order so appealed from is unanimously reversed on the law without costs, the motion is denied, and the complaint is reinstated.

Memorandum: Plaintiffs commenced this action seeking damages for injuries sustained by Judith Dixon (plaintiff) when she slipped and fell while leaving defendant Superior Discounts and Custom Muffler, a motor vehicle repair shop operated by defendant Dawn P Jones. Defendants moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint on the ground that, inter alia, plaintiff was unable to identify the cause of her fall. Supreme Court granted the motion, and we now reverse.

“In a slip and fall case, a defendant may establish its prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law by submitting evidence that the plaintiff cannot identify the cause of his or her fall” without engaging in speculation (Altinel v John’s Farms, 113 AD3d 709, 709-710 [2014]; see Ash v City of New York, 109 AD3d 854, 855 [2013]; Smart v Zambito, 85 AD3d 1721, 1721 [2011]). Here, we conclude that defendants failed to establish as a matter of law that the cause of plaintiffs fall was speculative (see Lane v Texas Roadhouse Holdings, LLC, 96 AD3d 1364, 1364-1365 [2012]; Gafter v Buffalo Med. Group, P.C., 85 AD3d 1605, 1606 [2011]; Nolan v Onondaga County, 61 AD3d 1431, 1432 [2009]). “Although [mere] conclusions based upon surmise, conjecture, speculation or assertions are without probative value ... , a case of negligence based wholly on circumstantial evidence may be established if the plaintiffs show[ ] facts and conditions from which the negligence of the defendant [s] and the causation of the accident by that negligence may be reasonably inferred” (Seelinger v Town of Middletown, 79 AD3d 1227, 1229 [2010] [internal quotation marks omitted]).

Defendants submitted plaintiffs deposition testimony in support of their motion for summary judgment. Although plaintiff was unable to identify the precise cause of her fall, she testified that she fell in the immediate vicinity of an elevation differential in the pavement, “thereby rendering any other potential cause of her fall ‘sufficiently remote or technical to enable [a] jury to reach [a] verdict based not upon speculation, but upon the logical inferences to be drawn from the evidence’ ” (Nolan, 61 AD3d at 1432; see Seelinger, 79 AD3d at 1230). Inasmuch as defendants failed to meet their initial burden on the motion, we need not consider the sufficiency of plaintiffs’ opposing papers (see generally Alvarez v Prospect Hosp., 68 NY2d 320, 324 [1986]).

Finally, we agree with the court that there are issues of fact with respect to the existence of a dangerous condition and whether the three-inch defect is trivial in nature.

Present— Scudder, EJ., Fahey, Peradotto and Valentino, JJ.