RAY, District Judge
(after stating the facts as above).
[1] So far as I am aware this is a novel application, but in the absence of opposition and opposition here I see no reason why the motion should not be granted. December 30, 1914, the said Geuder, Paeschke & Frey Company wrote the president of the complainant, Dicks Press Guard Manufacturing Company, as follows:
“Mr. Max H. Fischer c/o Dicks Press Guard Mfg. Co., 41 Park Row, New York City — Dear Mr. Fischer: I thank you very much for the papers submitted to me, and I have had the matter gone over by my attorney since his return. You kindly gave me until January 2d for consideration, but, having made up our mind, we hasten to return the papers to you. We think that we ought not to be considered to be infringers of your patent, and, feeling that way, we want to be heard by the court upon the subject. If you will, therefore, file your bill and send us or our attorneys a copy of the same after it is filed, together with the order, to show cause after it is issued by the court, we will have our attorneys appear in the action and take up the motion for an injunction before the court. Our attorneys will, under our instructions, do this as soon as it is practicable for them to prepare our answering affidavits, which are in hand, and arrange for an appearance before the court. We understand from you that the date of this appearance will be made reasonable for both parties, which, as far as our side is concerned, we engage. Our attorneys are Messrs. Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum, Pabst Building, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, .and we inclose their card. Kindly acknowledge receipt.
“Very truly yours Chas. A. Paeschke.”
The same day, December 30, 1914, Messrs. Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum wrote Mr. Randolph, the complainant’s attorney, as follows:
“Mr. Frederick P. Randolph, No. 41 Park Row, New York City — Dear Sir: We have lately had submitted to us a proposed bill of complaint, order to show [195]*195causo, and accompanying affidavits in the matter between the Dicks Press Guard Manufacturing Company and M. II. Fischer v. George W. Bowen. If you will send us a copy of this bill and accompanying affidavits and order to siiow cause as soon as the papers are filed and a proper date fixed, we are instructed by our clients. Messrs. Geuder, Paeschke & Frey Company, of this city, to appear for the defendant and attend the hearing upon your motion for an injunction. Your draft of the order to show cause did not indicate tlie place of hearing nor the time. We are not strenuous about service of the notice. You can serve the papers upon us by mail and we will admit service, but it will be necessary for us to have a reasonable time to get our affidavits in,shape after notice of the time and place of hearing. We would think ten days would lie amply sufficient for this purpose. As we understand it, this is a contest with friendly disposition on botli sides, but with radical difference upon the question of infringement in the views of the parties. We expect to conduct our side of this contest with entire courtesy towards you.
“Very truly yours, Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum.”
The defendant is a user of the alleged infringing device. Geuder, Paeschke & Frey Company is the maker. January 8, 1915, the complainants here filed their bill in equity to restrain alleged infringement of the patent referred to, and made a motion in this court for a preliminary injunction, which was.granted. An appeal to the Circuit Court of Appeals was taken, and October 23, 1915, Messrs. Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum wrote complainants’ attorney as follows :
“Frederick P. Randolph, Esq., 41 Park Row, New York City, New York Dear Sir: We acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 20th instant, acknowledging- receipt of three copies of our printed brief for defendant-appellant in file Dicks Press Guard Mfg. Co. et al. v. Bowen case, and note that you will mail copies of your brief for plaintiffs-respondents to Parsons & Bodeli. As tlie writer, Mr. Dennett, and our Mr. E. H. Bottum, will argue the case in the Court of Appeals, kindly send us copies of your brief, and you need send no copies to Parsons & Bodeli. We are handling the case ourselves though we had to employ local solicitors under the rule in the Northern district, and had Mr. Parsons enter his appearance in the Court of Appeals at the time he was personally in New York and filed tlie record and docketed the case.
“Yours truly, Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum.”
Thereafter such appeal was heard and the order granting the preliminary injunction was affirmed. A motion for reargument was made, and in reference thereto Messrs. Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum wrote complainants’ attorney as follows:
“Milwaukee, Wis., Jan. 6, 3916.
“Frederick P. Randolph, Esq., 41 Park Row, New York City, N. Y. — Dear Sir: We are sending- you herewith a copy of defendant-appellant’s petition for rehearing in the case of The Dicks Press Guard Manufacturing Company and Maximilian II. Fischer Complainauts-Appellees, v. George W. Bowen, Doing Business under the Name of Bowen Manufacturing Company. We are also sending you three extra copies for your use under separate cover.
“Yours truly, Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum.”
January 12, 1916, the motion for reargument was denied. On the hearing for preliminary injunction, the argument of the appeal, and motion for reargument the said Geuder, Paeschke & Frey Company was represented, and in fact conducted and controlled the defense. The question presented is: Can a corporation, alleged infringer and maker of the alleged infringing device, resident of another state, where it conducts its business, be made a formal party defendant on the record in a suit for infringement brought in this state, New York, when [196]*196it has voluntarily come into the case brought against a seller or user, or both, and, as here, openly and avowedly assumed and conducted the defense, and shown and declared its appearance by letters and the receipt of papers in the case. Such corporation could not have been sued in this state and district, as it is a nonresident and not within the jurisdiction. Sections 48 and 50, Judicial Code. But it could have come in voluntarily and accepted service, or it could have voluntarily appeared, had it been named as a party on tire record, and by appearing 'would have waived the question of jurisdiction-of the person and would have submitted itself to the jurisdiction of this court, even though a nonresident of tire district and state. Sectioir 50, Judicial Code.
[2] Is not this the effect of its voluntary appearance on the hearing and on the appeal, and its open and avowed assumption of the defense, coupled with the letters quoted? Having appeared and openly and avowedly assumed and conducted the defense thus far, it is bound by the order made, which is final during the pendency of the action. May not all this be evidenced by making the corporation a defendant on the record ? And may not it be held to its appearance by now formally making it a party ? It would seem plain that the court ought to know what parties, either complainant or defendant, are before it and entitled to be heard, and that the .record itself should show this.
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RAY, District Judge
(after stating the facts as above).
[1] So far as I am aware this is a novel application, but in the absence of opposition and opposition here I see no reason why the motion should not be granted. December 30, 1914, the said Geuder, Paeschke & Frey Company wrote the president of the complainant, Dicks Press Guard Manufacturing Company, as follows:
“Mr. Max H. Fischer c/o Dicks Press Guard Mfg. Co., 41 Park Row, New York City — Dear Mr. Fischer: I thank you very much for the papers submitted to me, and I have had the matter gone over by my attorney since his return. You kindly gave me until January 2d for consideration, but, having made up our mind, we hasten to return the papers to you. We think that we ought not to be considered to be infringers of your patent, and, feeling that way, we want to be heard by the court upon the subject. If you will, therefore, file your bill and send us or our attorneys a copy of the same after it is filed, together with the order, to show cause after it is issued by the court, we will have our attorneys appear in the action and take up the motion for an injunction before the court. Our attorneys will, under our instructions, do this as soon as it is practicable for them to prepare our answering affidavits, which are in hand, and arrange for an appearance before the court. We understand from you that the date of this appearance will be made reasonable for both parties, which, as far as our side is concerned, we engage. Our attorneys are Messrs. Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum, Pabst Building, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, .and we inclose their card. Kindly acknowledge receipt.
“Very truly yours Chas. A. Paeschke.”
The same day, December 30, 1914, Messrs. Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum wrote Mr. Randolph, the complainant’s attorney, as follows:
“Mr. Frederick P. Randolph, No. 41 Park Row, New York City — Dear Sir: We have lately had submitted to us a proposed bill of complaint, order to show [195]*195causo, and accompanying affidavits in the matter between the Dicks Press Guard Manufacturing Company and M. II. Fischer v. George W. Bowen. If you will send us a copy of this bill and accompanying affidavits and order to siiow cause as soon as the papers are filed and a proper date fixed, we are instructed by our clients. Messrs. Geuder, Paeschke & Frey Company, of this city, to appear for the defendant and attend the hearing upon your motion for an injunction. Your draft of the order to show cause did not indicate tlie place of hearing nor the time. We are not strenuous about service of the notice. You can serve the papers upon us by mail and we will admit service, but it will be necessary for us to have a reasonable time to get our affidavits in,shape after notice of the time and place of hearing. We would think ten days would lie amply sufficient for this purpose. As we understand it, this is a contest with friendly disposition on botli sides, but with radical difference upon the question of infringement in the views of the parties. We expect to conduct our side of this contest with entire courtesy towards you.
“Very truly yours, Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum.”
The defendant is a user of the alleged infringing device. Geuder, Paeschke & Frey Company is the maker. January 8, 1915, the complainants here filed their bill in equity to restrain alleged infringement of the patent referred to, and made a motion in this court for a preliminary injunction, which was.granted. An appeal to the Circuit Court of Appeals was taken, and October 23, 1915, Messrs. Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum wrote complainants’ attorney as follows :
“Frederick P. Randolph, Esq., 41 Park Row, New York City, New York Dear Sir: We acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 20th instant, acknowledging- receipt of three copies of our printed brief for defendant-appellant in file Dicks Press Guard Mfg. Co. et al. v. Bowen case, and note that you will mail copies of your brief for plaintiffs-respondents to Parsons & Bodeli. As tlie writer, Mr. Dennett, and our Mr. E. H. Bottum, will argue the case in the Court of Appeals, kindly send us copies of your brief, and you need send no copies to Parsons & Bodeli. We are handling the case ourselves though we had to employ local solicitors under the rule in the Northern district, and had Mr. Parsons enter his appearance in the Court of Appeals at the time he was personally in New York and filed tlie record and docketed the case.
“Yours truly, Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum.”
Thereafter such appeal was heard and the order granting the preliminary injunction was affirmed. A motion for reargument was made, and in reference thereto Messrs. Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum wrote complainants’ attorney as follows:
“Milwaukee, Wis., Jan. 6, 3916.
“Frederick P. Randolph, Esq., 41 Park Row, New York City, N. Y. — Dear Sir: We are sending- you herewith a copy of defendant-appellant’s petition for rehearing in the case of The Dicks Press Guard Manufacturing Company and Maximilian II. Fischer Complainauts-Appellees, v. George W. Bowen, Doing Business under the Name of Bowen Manufacturing Company. We are also sending you three extra copies for your use under separate cover.
“Yours truly, Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum.”
January 12, 1916, the motion for reargument was denied. On the hearing for preliminary injunction, the argument of the appeal, and motion for reargument the said Geuder, Paeschke & Frey Company was represented, and in fact conducted and controlled the defense. The question presented is: Can a corporation, alleged infringer and maker of the alleged infringing device, resident of another state, where it conducts its business, be made a formal party defendant on the record in a suit for infringement brought in this state, New York, when [196]*196it has voluntarily come into the case brought against a seller or user, or both, and, as here, openly and avowedly assumed and conducted the defense, and shown and declared its appearance by letters and the receipt of papers in the case. Such corporation could not have been sued in this state and district, as it is a nonresident and not within the jurisdiction. Sections 48 and 50, Judicial Code. But it could have come in voluntarily and accepted service, or it could have voluntarily appeared, had it been named as a party on tire record, and by appearing 'would have waived the question of jurisdiction-of the person and would have submitted itself to the jurisdiction of this court, even though a nonresident of tire district and state. Sectioir 50, Judicial Code.
[2] Is not this the effect of its voluntary appearance on the hearing and on the appeal, and its open and avowed assumption of the defense, coupled with the letters quoted? Having appeared and openly and avowedly assumed and conducted the defense thus far, it is bound by the order made, which is final during the pendency of the action. May not all this be evidenced by making the corporation a defendant on the record ? And may not it be held to its appearance by now formally making it a party ? It would seem plain that the court ought to know what parties, either complainant or defendant, are before it and entitled to be heard, and that the .record itself should show this. One of the most vicious thingá connected with a litigation, either civil or criminal, is the operation of influences from and the recognition of interested persons not appearing as parties on the record. Those who are to be heard at all and recognized in bringing out and considering the merits of a controversy should be parties of record, and personal appearance by attorney and participation in the litigation ought to be treated, as equivalent to a formal written appearance in the case. In Eagle Mfg. Co. v. Miller et al. (C. C.) 41 Fed. 351, it was held:
“On a bill to restrain tbe infringement of a patent, it appeared that tbe defendants were merely tbe agents of a corporation wbicb manufactured tbe machine which it was alleged was an infringement of complainant’s patent. Complainant filed an amendment to the original bill making such corporation a party defendant, but no subpoena was issued or served on the corporation, nor did it enter appearance or answer the bill. Held, that the decree should nevertheless run against such corporation, and be binding on it in all respects.”
In Bidwell et al. v. Toledo Consol. St. R. Co. (C. C.) 72 Fed. 10, Judge Ricks held that a nonresident corporation could not be made a party defendant from the mere fact it had assumed and participated in the defense. But here the Geuder Paeschke & Prey Company not only has done this, but it promised in writing so to do and in writing named its attorneys, and then on the appeal these attorneys wrote to complainants’ attorney:
“As the writer, Mr. Dennett [of Flanders, Bottum, Fawsett & Bottum], and our Mr. E. H. Bottum will argue the ease in the Circuit Court of Appeals, kindly send us copies of your brief and you need send no copies to Parsons & Bodell. We are handling the case ourselves, though we had to. employ local solicitors under the rule in the Northern district, and had Mr. Parsons enter his appearance in the Court of Appeals at the time he was personally in New York and filed the record and docketed the case.”
[197]*197Here we have an explicit acknowledgment in writing of authority in Mr. Parsons and of an appearance on the appeal and that the corporation filed the appeal. In the letter of January 6, 1916, we have a written acknowledgment that the attorneys for Geuder, Paeschke & Frey Company are moving and acting in the case. What is all this but an appearance in writing? Here we have much more than an active, open, and avowed assumption of the defense by mere acts. This is not a case where a nonresident corporation improperly served, etc., comes in for a special purpose, as to move to set aside informal or improper service, but a case where it voluntarily comes in to defend on the merits and for all purposes.
It seems to me that the Geuder, Paeschke & Frey Company has voluntarily appeared in this litigation within the meaning of the Judicial Code, and that it should be made a party on the record.
The motion is granted.