Opinion op the court by
Wm. Rogers Clay, Commissioner.
Reversing.
Appellant, Arch Dickerson, instituted this action against appellee, Eastern Kentucky Lumber Company, to recover damages for personal injuries sustained by him while in the employ of said company at its sawmill in Carter county, Ky. At the' conclusion of the evidence the court peremptorily instructed the jury to find for the company. To review this ruling this appeal is prosecuted.
At thé time of the injury, appellant was working for appellee as a common laborer in getting logs out of the river by hauling them through the water to the foot of an incline or chute, from which point they were carried up the chute to the mill. For the purpose of getting the logs up, a bull wheel had been erected on top of the river bank, near the upper end of the chute or incline. This chute or incline was a wooden structure hollowed out in such a manner that logs could be carried up in it. It extended from the water to the top of the bank. The logs were drawn up by attaching a rope or chain to the wheel, and carrying it down the chute and out into the river, and fastening it to a log. When so fastened, the wheel was set in motion by means of steam power. In this [822]*822way the rope was wound up, and the log brought from out in the river to the foot of the chute, and up the chute to the top of the river bank. On leaving the chute at its lower end, the rope or chain would be car-lied up or d'own the river, wherever the log was, and attached to the log. In order that the log could be brought up to the foot of the chute it was necessary to hold the rope in place near the foot of the chute, and, to accomplish this, appellee’s superintendent placed a piece of timber in a groove on the platform at the foot of the chute, so that the rope ran around the timber and against it from the foot of the chute in a straight line to wherever the log was located in the water. The superintendent first held this piece of timber while two logs were drawn up the incline in the manner indicated. He then directed appellant to hold the timber. While the appellant was holding it, some six or seven logs were passed up the incline. While he was holding it for the next log, the rope slipped over the timber, struck appellant in the breast, and injured him. There was evidence that the only place where appellant could stand was at the point where he was located; that on the other side of the timber there was nothing to stand on, as the timber was placed too near the edge. It is not apparent from the evidence whether the accident occurred by reason of the fact that the log struck a sand bar, or because the man operating the bull wheel put on too much force. Appellant in his petition charged that by the gross negligence of the appellee he was struck by a large rope attached to appellee’s machine, and then charged that his injuries were caused by the gross negligence of appellee in failing to furnish him a reasonably safe place in which to work. He further [823]*823alleged that appellee knew said place was unsafe and dangerous, or by the exercise of ordinary care could have known of this fact; that appellant did not know of the unsafe and dangerous condition of the place, nor could he have known thereof by the exercise of ordinary care.
Some time after the action was instituted, and before'the case went to trial, appellant filed an amended petition, in which he charged that he was inexperienced in the operation of machinery, and that appellee negligently failed to give him any warning of the danger or peril to which he was exposed in the operation of the apparatus employed to guide the logs. So far as the action of the court is concerned in failing to submit the case on the issue of appellee’s failure to warn appellant, we are of opinion that the court did not err. The amended petition merely pleaded the inexperience of appellant and a failure on the part of appellee to warn him of the peril to which he was exposed. It did not allege that appellant’s injuries were caused by appellee’s negligence in failing to warn him. In the case of Crane v. T. J. Congleton & Bro. (Ky.) 116 S. W. 311, the plaintiff was injured by coming in contact with a saw which was operated in defendant’s sawmill. After charging negligence in failing to warn plaintiff; plaintiff attempted in an amendment to set up another ground of negligence. In this amendment he charged that the sawyer was a reckless, inexperienced, and incompetent sawyer, and unfit to perform the duties that devolve upon a competent sawyer of a sawmill. In discussing the question whether or not the issue of the incompetency of the sawyer was properly ■ presented, this court said: “But the draughtsman of this amended’ [824]*824petition inadvertently failed to state that the injuries received by the plaintiff were caused by the incompetency or inexperience or recklessness of Morse, and therefore the amended petition was defective; because, however reckless, inexperienced or incompetent the sawyer may have been, unless the injury to the plaintiff was attributable to one or more of these things, he could not maintain an action for damages against the master. To state a cause of action against the master for an injury inflicted by the incompetency of his servant, it must be alleged that, the injury complained of was caused or resulted from such incompetency.” It necessarily follows from the principle above laid down that, where .the negligence charged is a failure on the part of the master to warn the servant, the petition or amended petition, as the case may be, must further aver that the plaintiff’s injuries were caused by the negligence of the master in failing to warn plaintiff. As the amended petition in this ease failed to comply with this requirement, the court did not err in not submitting the case to the jury upon the issue attempted to be made in the amended petition.
But it is insisted by appellant that the court erred in failing to submit the ease on the issue made in the original petition; i. e., a failure on the part of appellee to furnish a reasonably safe place for appellant to work. Appellee insists that the action of the trial court in not submitting the case upon this proposition was correct, in view of the fact that, if there was negligence at all upon the part of appellee, it consisted in a failure to furnish reasonably safe appliances, and not in failing to provide a reasonably safe place in which to work. In support of its posi[825]*825tion appellee cites the case of W. A. Gaines & Co. v. Johnson (Ky.) 38 R. 58, 105 S. W. 381, wherein the court lays down the rule that, when a pleader specifies in what the negligence consists, he is bound by his specifications, and can not introduce evidence supporting other elements of negligence outside of those particularly relied on. And in discussing the rule so announced the court uses the following language: “The duty of warning and instruction is entirely distinct from and independent of the duty of furnishing reasonably safe premises and appliances; as much so as the duty of furnishing reasonably safe premises is-distinct from the duty of furnishing reasonably safe appliances. In other words,' under an averment that the premises were unsafe, a recovery could not be had upon a showing that the appliances were unsafe, any more than a recovery could be had for the failure to warn and instruct upon evidence showing that the injury was caused by defective premises.” "We see no reason to depart from the principle above announced; nor do we think it necessary to do so in order to hold that this case should have gone to the jury.
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Opinion op the court by
Wm. Rogers Clay, Commissioner.
Reversing.
Appellant, Arch Dickerson, instituted this action against appellee, Eastern Kentucky Lumber Company, to recover damages for personal injuries sustained by him while in the employ of said company at its sawmill in Carter county, Ky. At the' conclusion of the evidence the court peremptorily instructed the jury to find for the company. To review this ruling this appeal is prosecuted.
At thé time of the injury, appellant was working for appellee as a common laborer in getting logs out of the river by hauling them through the water to the foot of an incline or chute, from which point they were carried up the chute to the mill. For the purpose of getting the logs up, a bull wheel had been erected on top of the river bank, near the upper end of the chute or incline. This chute or incline was a wooden structure hollowed out in such a manner that logs could be carried up in it. It extended from the water to the top of the bank. The logs were drawn up by attaching a rope or chain to the wheel, and carrying it down the chute and out into the river, and fastening it to a log. When so fastened, the wheel was set in motion by means of steam power. In this [822]*822way the rope was wound up, and the log brought from out in the river to the foot of the chute, and up the chute to the top of the river bank. On leaving the chute at its lower end, the rope or chain would be car-lied up or d'own the river, wherever the log was, and attached to the log. In order that the log could be brought up to the foot of the chute it was necessary to hold the rope in place near the foot of the chute, and, to accomplish this, appellee’s superintendent placed a piece of timber in a groove on the platform at the foot of the chute, so that the rope ran around the timber and against it from the foot of the chute in a straight line to wherever the log was located in the water. The superintendent first held this piece of timber while two logs were drawn up the incline in the manner indicated. He then directed appellant to hold the timber. While the appellant was holding it, some six or seven logs were passed up the incline. While he was holding it for the next log, the rope slipped over the timber, struck appellant in the breast, and injured him. There was evidence that the only place where appellant could stand was at the point where he was located; that on the other side of the timber there was nothing to stand on, as the timber was placed too near the edge. It is not apparent from the evidence whether the accident occurred by reason of the fact that the log struck a sand bar, or because the man operating the bull wheel put on too much force. Appellant in his petition charged that by the gross negligence of the appellee he was struck by a large rope attached to appellee’s machine, and then charged that his injuries were caused by the gross negligence of appellee in failing to furnish him a reasonably safe place in which to work. He further [823]*823alleged that appellee knew said place was unsafe and dangerous, or by the exercise of ordinary care could have known of this fact; that appellant did not know of the unsafe and dangerous condition of the place, nor could he have known thereof by the exercise of ordinary care.
Some time after the action was instituted, and before'the case went to trial, appellant filed an amended petition, in which he charged that he was inexperienced in the operation of machinery, and that appellee negligently failed to give him any warning of the danger or peril to which he was exposed in the operation of the apparatus employed to guide the logs. So far as the action of the court is concerned in failing to submit the case on the issue of appellee’s failure to warn appellant, we are of opinion that the court did not err. The amended petition merely pleaded the inexperience of appellant and a failure on the part of appellee to warn him of the peril to which he was exposed. It did not allege that appellant’s injuries were caused by appellee’s negligence in failing to warn him. In the case of Crane v. T. J. Congleton & Bro. (Ky.) 116 S. W. 311, the plaintiff was injured by coming in contact with a saw which was operated in defendant’s sawmill. After charging negligence in failing to warn plaintiff; plaintiff attempted in an amendment to set up another ground of negligence. In this amendment he charged that the sawyer was a reckless, inexperienced, and incompetent sawyer, and unfit to perform the duties that devolve upon a competent sawyer of a sawmill. In discussing the question whether or not the issue of the incompetency of the sawyer was properly ■ presented, this court said: “But the draughtsman of this amended’ [824]*824petition inadvertently failed to state that the injuries received by the plaintiff were caused by the incompetency or inexperience or recklessness of Morse, and therefore the amended petition was defective; because, however reckless, inexperienced or incompetent the sawyer may have been, unless the injury to the plaintiff was attributable to one or more of these things, he could not maintain an action for damages against the master. To state a cause of action against the master for an injury inflicted by the incompetency of his servant, it must be alleged that, the injury complained of was caused or resulted from such incompetency.” It necessarily follows from the principle above laid down that, where .the negligence charged is a failure on the part of the master to warn the servant, the petition or amended petition, as the case may be, must further aver that the plaintiff’s injuries were caused by the negligence of the master in failing to warn plaintiff. As the amended petition in this ease failed to comply with this requirement, the court did not err in not submitting the case to the jury upon the issue attempted to be made in the amended petition.
But it is insisted by appellant that the court erred in failing to submit the ease on the issue made in the original petition; i. e., a failure on the part of appellee to furnish a reasonably safe place for appellant to work. Appellee insists that the action of the trial court in not submitting the case upon this proposition was correct, in view of the fact that, if there was negligence at all upon the part of appellee, it consisted in a failure to furnish reasonably safe appliances, and not in failing to provide a reasonably safe place in which to work. In support of its posi[825]*825tion appellee cites the case of W. A. Gaines & Co. v. Johnson (Ky.) 38 R. 58, 105 S. W. 381, wherein the court lays down the rule that, when a pleader specifies in what the negligence consists, he is bound by his specifications, and can not introduce evidence supporting other elements of negligence outside of those particularly relied on. And in discussing the rule so announced the court uses the following language: “The duty of warning and instruction is entirely distinct from and independent of the duty of furnishing reasonably safe premises and appliances; as much so as the duty of furnishing reasonably safe premises is-distinct from the duty of furnishing reasonably safe appliances. In other words,' under an averment that the premises were unsafe, a recovery could not be had upon a showing that the appliances were unsafe, any more than a recovery could be had for the failure to warn and instruct upon evidence showing that the injury was caused by defective premises.” "We see no reason to depart from the principle above announced; nor do we think it necessary to do so in order to hold that this case should have gone to the jury. The principle announced applies to those ciases where the appliances and the place are not so inseparably connected that a defect in one necessarily renders the other unsafe. For instance, if a plaintiff bases his right to recovery on defective appliances, he can not recover *by showing that he stepped into a hole in the floor that was improperly covered. On the other hand, if he charges that the premises were not reasonably safe, he can not recover for defective appliances where their location or operation had nothing whatever to do with, rendering the place unsafe. In the case before us, however, the natural conditions [826]*826of the platform were reasonably safe except from the danger incident to the nse of the appliances which appellee had improvised for the purpose of raising the logs. Furthermore, there is evidence to the effect that, notwithstanding the defective appliance, if a place had been provided wherein appellant conld have stood on the other side of the rope, the rope would not have struck him, but would have passed off in an opposite direction from where he stood. Under these circumstances, there was evidence tending to show that the place was not reasonably safe for the purposes for which it was being used. In other words, the use of the appliance alleged to have been defective made the place itself dangerous and unsafe.
October 13, 1909:
The facts of this case bring it within the rule laid down in Owensboro Brick & Sewer Pipe Co. v. Glenn, By, &c. (Ky.) 106 S. W. 1195, wherein this court said: “The negligence of the master (assuming it to be such) was in so arranging the machinery and its manner of operation that the slightest accident might endanger the employe’s life.” Following this rule, we are of opinion that the case should have gone to the jury on the question whether or not appellee furnished appellant a reasonably safe place in which to work.
Judgment reversed, and cause remanded for a new trial consistent with this opinion.