Diamond Sawblades Manufacturers' Coalition v. United States

34 Ct. Int'l Trade 179, 2010 CIT 17

• Court: United States Court of International Trade
• Decided: February 12, 2010
• Docket: Court 09-00110
• Status: Published

Opinion

OPINION AND ORDER

MUSGRAVE, Senior Judge:

Plaintiff Diamond Sawblades Manufacturers’ Coalition (“DSMC”) now moves pursuant to United States Court of International Trade (“USCIT”) Rule 11 for the imposition of sanctions on counsel for Defendant-Intervenors Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc., Hebei Jikai Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Husqvarna Construction Products North America, Inc., Ehwa Diamond Industrial Co., Ltd., and Bosun Tools Group Co., Ltd., (“Intervenors”), together with an award of attorney fees, due to alleged violations presented by Intervenors’ October 8, 2009 Joint Motion for Stay Pending Appeal. Pi’s. Mot. at 1. Intervenors oppose the motion as meritless and contend that the motion itself violates Rule 11. Intervenors therefore request that the court rather assess attorney fees against DSMC’s counsel for having filed a frivolous motion. Def.-Int’s Opp’n at 13. For the purpose of permitting DSMC’s response thereto, Intervenors response will be construed as a cross-motion for sanctions, see USCIT Rule 4, but for the reasons set forth below the motions will be denied.

Background

This case has a fairly extensive procedural history. Only salient facts need be here related: On September 30, 2009, the court granted DSMC’s request for relief in the nature of a writ of mandamus and ordered that the Department of Commerce, “forthwith, issue and publish antidumping duty orders and order the collection of cash deposits on subject merchandise.” Judgment, Diamond Sawblades Mfrs.’ Coalition v. United States, 33 CIT _, 650 F. Supp 1331 (2009) (appeal docketed, Oct. 15, 2009). On October 7, 2009, pursuant to USCIT Rule 62, Intervenors filed a motion to stay enforcement of that Judgment pending Intervenors’ appeal of the decision in the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (“Federal Circuit”). See Def.-Int’s Mot. for Stay Pending Appeal. The court denied this motion on November 4, 2009. See Diamond Sawblades v. United States, Slip Op. 09-128.

On December 1, 2009 Plaintiffs filed the motion for sanctions that is currently before the Court. In its motion, DSMC asserts that Intervenors’ motion for a stay was “filed for an improper purpose” and “contained allegations and claims for relief that were not warranted by the law or by the facts.” Pi’s. Mot. at 1-2. DSMC requests that this court issue sanctions against Intervenors’ counsel and order them to reimburse DSMC for attorney fees and costs incurred as a result of motion for stay. Id. In response, Intervenors’ contend that DSMC’s motion is so procedurally defective and substantively meritless that it should be deemed frivolous. Def.-Int’s Opp’n at 13-14. Intervenors assert that the motion should be denied and request that the court order DSMC’s counsel to reimburse them for attorney fees pursuant to the fee-shifting provision set forth in Rule 11. Id. at 14.

Discussion

Rule 11. Sanctions

Rule 11 provides, in pertinent part:

(b) Representations to the Court.

By presenting to the court a pleading, written motion, or other paper — whether by signing, filing, submitting, or later advocating it — an attorney or unrepresented party certifies that to the best of the person’s knowledge, information, and belief, formed after any inquiry reasonable under the circumstances:

(1) it is not being presented for any improper purpose, such as to harass, cause unnecessary delay, or needlessly increase the cost of litigation;

(2) the claims, defenses, and other legal contentions are warranted by existing law or by a nonfrivolous argument for extending, modifying, or reversing existing law or for establishing new law;

(3) the factual contentions have evidentiary support or, if specifically so identified, will likely have evidentiary support after a reasonable opportunity for further investigation or discovery; and

(4) the denials of factual contentions are warranted on the evidence or, if specifically so identified, are reasonably based on belief or a lack of information.

(c) Sanctions.

(1) In General. If, after notice and a reasonable opportunity to respond, the court determines that Rule 11(b) has been violated, the court may impose an appropriate sanction on any attorney, law firm, or party that violated the rule or is responsible for the violation. Absent exceptional circumstances, a law firm must be held jointly responsible for a violation committed by its partner, associate, or employee.

(2) Motion for Sanctions. A motion for sanctions must be made separately from any other motion and must describe the specific conduct that allegedly violates Rule 11(b). The motion must be served under Rule 5, but it must not be filed or be presented to the court if the challenged paper, claim, defense, contention, or denial is withdrawn or appropriately corrected within 21 days after service or within another time the court sets. If warranted, the court may award to the prevailing party the reasonable expenses, including attorney’s fees, incurred for the motion.

(3) On the Court’s Initiative. On its own, the court may order an attorney, law firm, or party to show cause why conduct specifically described in the order has not violated Rule 11(b).

(4) Nature of a Sanction. A sanction imposed under this rule must be limited to what suffices to deter repetition of the conduct or comparable conduct by others similarly situated. The sanction may include nonmonetary directives; an order to pay a penalty into court; or, if imposed on motion and warranted for effective deterrence, an order directing payment to the movant of part or all of the reasonable attorney’s fees and other expenses directly resulting from the violation.

* * *

USCIT Rule 11(b), (c). 1

As indicated above, Rule 11 is violated when a pleading or paper is presented to the court (1) for any improper purpose, such as harassment or unnecessary delay; (2) contains “claims, defenses, or other legal contentions” not warranted by existing law or by a nonfiivolous argument for extension or reversal of existing law; (3) contains allegations or factual contentions that lack evidentiary support; or (4) contains denials of factual contentions that are not warranted on the evidence. USCIT Rule 11(b).

In 1993, FRCP Rule 11 was amended to include, among other things, the so-called “safe-harbor” provision set forth in subdivision 11(c)(2). 2 The safe-harbor provision requires a movant to serve the offending party with a copy of the motion at least 21 days prior to filing it; if the recipient does not withdraw the offending papers 21 days after receipt, the movant may then present the motion to the court. According to the 1993 Advisory Committee Notes, the purpose of the safe harbor provision is to reduce the volume of Rule 11 filings by affording the offending party the opportunity to withdraw or correct the alleged violation without penalty. See 28 U.S.C. Appx. at 112. In keeping with that purpose, the vast majority of Courts have held that a Rule 11 motion is untimely if it is filed after the conclusion of the case (or judicial rejection of the offending papers), because otherwise there is no offending paper or claim that may be withdrawn. 1-2 Sanc. Fed. Law of Lit. Abuse, § 17(A)(2). A motion may not be considered untimely, however, if it was served on the offending party at least 21 days prior to the conclusion of the case, because the party is deemed to have received the full opportunity to retract the offensive pleading. Id.

It is well settled that failure to comply with the safe-harbor provision compels denial of the motion. See Ridder v. City of Springfield, 109 F.3d 288, 296 (6th Cir. 1997) (describing compliance with the safe-harbor provision as an “absolute requirement”); Hadges v. Yonkers Racing Corp., 48 F.3d 1320, 1328 (2d Cir. 2001) (reversing sanctions where movant failed to honor safe harbor period). Notably, cross-motions for Rule 11 sanctions need not comply with the safe-harbor provision because the movant is considered to be on notice that the court may award fees to either party. See Advisory Committee Note, 28 U.S.C. Appx. at 112 (stating that “service of a cross motion under Rule 11 should rarely be needed” because fees may bé awarded to the party that prevails, regardless of whether they were the movant or the respondent) (emphasis added).

The court may impose sanctions on its own initiative as well, subject to the restrictions and procedures set forth in Rule 11(c)(3). Although court-initiated sanctions are not subject to the safe harbor provision, section (c)(3) (as well as due process) requires that the court must, prior to imposing sanctions, issue to the offending party a show-cause order as to why its conduct, specifically described in the order, should not be sanctioned. USCIT Rule 11(c)(3). The 1993 amendments also limited the type of penalty that may be imposed pursuant to sua sponte sanctions by excluding awards of attorney fees from the available penalties. See Rule 11(c)(4) (attorney fees only available “if imposed on [a properly filed] motion and warranted for effective deterrence”).

I. DSMC’s Motion

In light of the foregoing, DSMC’s Rule 11 motion must be denied. The motion was filed nearly one month after the court denied the stay, and, apparently, Intervenors were never served with a copy of the motion prior to the date it was filed with the court. Accordingly, DSMC’s motion for sanctions under Rule 11 was essentially doomed ab initio. In its response to Intervenors’ cross-motion, DSMC attempts to resuscitate its request by noting that the court may alternatively consider imposing sanctions and attorney’s fees via Rule 11(c)(4) (sua sponte sanctions) or pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1927. Pl’s Opp’n to Def-Ints’ Cross Mot. at 5 & n.l However, even if the court were to conclude that DSMC was within its rights to raise these issues in a response, DSMC’s requests cannot be granted.

As noted above, attorney fees are not available pursuant to court-initiated Rule 11 sanctions, particularly where, as here, the allowance of such an award would essentially nullify the safe harbor provision. Radcliffe v. Rainbow Constr. Co., 254 F.3d 772, 789 (9th Cir. 2001) (noting that “[i]t would render [Rule ll(c)(l)(2)’s] ‘safe harbor’ provision meaningless to permit a party’s noncompliant motion to be converted automatically [on appeal] into a court-initiated motion, thereby escaping the service requirement”). Further, although a motion for sanctions under section 1927 is not predicated on compliance with a safe harbor period, sanctions under that provision are a poor fit for the conduct alleged in this case. The fee-shifting provision provided by section 1927 is considered an appropriate remedy “in instances of a serious and studied disregard for the orderly processes of justice,” Braley v. Garland, 832 F.2d 1504, 1512 (10th Cir. 1987), and only targets cases where opposing counsel “unreasonably and vexatiously” “multiplies the proceedings ....” 28 U.S.C. § 1927. In the current matter, DSMC presents little more than an inference that Intervenors’ motion was filed unreasonably or vexatiously. As a matter of procedure, Intervenors were essentially required to file the motion for a stay in this court if they wished to maintain their right to seek a stay from the Federal Circuit. See Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure Rule 8. Furthermore, as Intervenors correctly point out, the purpose of a stay, indeed, is to delay. Without more, the court cannot find that Intervenors’ motion was filed “unreasonably and vexatiously,” or, for that matter, that it was filed for an improper purpose under Rule 11.

That said, the court notes, with more than a modicum of disapprobation, that DSMC’s allegations are not entirely without merit. Counsel for Intervenors have, during the course of this litigation, and particularly in the Joint Motion for Stay, presented arguments that stretch the bounds of zealous advocacy. Although a Rule 62(c) 3 motion, by its very nature, is likely to present arguments that the court does not agree with, it is quite another thing to present arguments based upon phantoms in the record. See, e.g., Def.-Int’s Mot for Stay at 9-10 (alleging violation of due process because the court “did not permit oral argument” when, in fact, neither party requested oral argument, see Docket sheet, Court No.’s 09-00110 and 06-00247; see also USCIT Rule 7 (parties wishing to present oral argument must file a motion so requesting)).

II. Intervenor’s Motion

Intervenors’ request for attorney fees against DSMC will also be denied. The court is inclined to view such an award as inconsistent with the equities presented by the current situation and is not inclined to issue sanctions for what might be merely negligent mistakes of research or advice. See Precision Specialty Metals, Inc., v. United States, 315 F.3d 1346, 1357 (Fed. Cir. 2003). Be that as it may, the court is also compelled to observe that the presentation of arguments based on a Rule that was changed fifteen years ago should be regarded by DSMC’s counsel as more than a mere “procedural deficiency” in the motion.

In light of the foregoing, it is perhaps worth serving to all the reminder that “[a]n attorney acts not only as a client’s representative, but also as an officer of the court, and has a duty to serve both masters.” Business Guides, Inc., v. Chromatic Communications Enterprises, Inc., 498 U.S. 533, 564 (1991). Attorneys must keep in mind that their signature on court papers certifies, among other things, that each of “the claims, defenses, and other legal contentions” contained therein “are warranted by existing law” and that “the factual contentions have evidentiary support.” USCIT Rule 11(b). Inherent in that certification is the assertion that the existing law, as well as the facts of record, have been stated “accurately and correctly.” Precision Specialty Metals, 315 F.3d at 1356. Rule 11 violations are judged under a standard of objective reasonableness, and the law makes no exception for situations involving joint pleadings that contain the work product of several different attorneys and law firms. Sanctions are a serious matter, and it would be tragic for otherwise respected attorney(s) to suffer the consequences of ill-advised arguments presented by other counsel.

Conclusion

In applying the standards for sanctions outlined above to the facts of this case, the court concludes that it is appropriate to deny both DSMC’s Motion for Sanctions and Intervenors’ construed Cross-Motion for Sanctions.

SO ORDERED.

1 The Court’s Rule is essentially identical to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (“FRCP”) Rule 11; accordingly, it is appropriate to look to decisions under FRCP Rule 11 as guidance for the interpretation and application of the Court’s Rule. Precision Specialty Metals, Inc., v. United States, 315 F.3d 1346, 1353 (Fed. Cir. 2003).

2 The 1993 amendments refer to FRCP Rule 11; the Court made these same amendments to USCIT Rule 11 in 1994, with the changes becoming effective on January 1, 1995.

3 In arguing that their motion for stay was not filed for the purpose of improper delay, Intervenors’ state that the motion to stay was filed pursuant to Rule 62(d) (“Stay with Bond on Appeal”). See Def-Int’s Opp’n at 13. This cannot be the case: Rule 62(d) applies only to money judgments and essentially provides for a stay “as of right” by posting a bond. It has no relevance in this matter. Rather, a motion to stay the enforcement of a writ of mandamus may only be obtained under Rule 62(c), “Injunction Pending an Appeal.” See Def-Int’s Mot for Stay at 5 n.2 (discussing criteria for issuance of an injunction pending appeal). While the erroneous reference to Rule 62(d) may be simply typographical in nature, the court notes that the correct reference (to Rule 62(c)) would have revealed the fallacy of Intervenors’ assertion that the writ of mandamus was subject to the “automatic” 30-day stay in Rule 62(a), to wit: the second sentence of Rule 62(a) clearly states that “unless the court orders otherwise, an interlocutory or final judgment in an action for an injunction is not stayed after being entered even if an appeal has been taken.” USCIT Rule 62(a) (emphasis added). Unfortunately, Intervenors’ counsel quoted only the first sentence of Rule 62(a).