MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Jun 12 2018, 9:32 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE R. Patrick Magrath Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Alcorn Sage Schwartz & Magrath, LLP Attorney General of Indiana Madison, Indiana Lyubov Gore Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
D.H., June 12, 2018 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 36A01-1708-JV-2033 v. Appeal from the Jackson Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Bruce Allan Appellee-Plaintiff. MacTavish, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 36D02-1609-JD-55
Pyle, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1708-JV-2033 | June 12, 2018 Page 1 of 7 Statement of the Case [1] D.H. appeals his adjudication as a delinquent child for committing three acts
that would be Level 4 felony child molesting if committed by an adult. He
argues that the juvenile court did not properly obtain jurisdiction and that there
is insufficient evidence to support the adjudication. Concluding that the
juvenile court properly obtained jurisdiction and that there is sufficient evidence
to support the juvenile delinquency adjudication, we affirm the juvenile court.
[2] We affirm.
Issues 1. Whether the juvenile court properly obtained jurisdiction.
2. Whether there is sufficient evidence to support D.H.’s adjudication as a delinquent child.
Facts [3] The facts most favorable to the adjudication reveal that M.I. (“Mother”) has
three children. Son D.H., who was born in 2003, lives with Mother and her
current husband in Seymour, Indiana. Daughters, S.B., who was born in 2004,
and J.B., who was born in 2006, live with their Father in Florida and visit
Mother during school breaks. During one of the girls’ visits in 2014, then-
eleven-year-old D.H. inappropriately touched then-eight-year-old J.B. D.H.
“was curious and was not sure if [the touching] was right or not.” (Ex. Vol. at
107).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1708-JV-2033 | June 12, 2018 Page 2 of 7 [4] Two years later, while the girls were visiting their Mother in June 2016, then-
thirteen-year-old D.H. went into then-ten-year-old J.B.’s bedroom at night and
used his hand and “private part” to touch J.B.’s “private part.” (Tr. 42). D.H.
inappropriately touched J.B. on more than one occasion.
[5] In July 2016, J.B. fell asleep watching television in her bedroom. When she
woke up at approximately 1:00 a.m., D.H. was next to her in the bed. D.H.
pulled J.B.’s shorts down to her knees and moved his hand up and down on
J.B.’s “private part.” (Tr. 37). D.H. also touched J.B.’s “private part” with his
“private part,” as he had on other occasions. (Tr. 37).
[6] Mother entered J.B.’s bedroom, noticed her two children under the covers, and
asked D.H. what he was doing. He responded that he was watching television.
When Mother told D.H. to watch television in his own room, D.H. responded
that he did not want to do that. Mother, who “knew something was wrong,”
pulled back the covers of the bed and discovered J.B. and D.H. Both had their
shorts down to their knees, their genitals were exposed, and D.H. may have had
an erection. (Tr. 38). Mother immediately contacted the police.
[7] Following an investigation, D.H. was removed from Mother’s home and placed
with his grandparents. In September 2016, the State filed a petition alleging
that D.H. was a delinquent child. A detailed three-page probable cause
affidavit was filed with the petition. The evidence presented at a hearing on the
petition revealed that D.H. had accessed and watched a pornographic cartoon
website before the July 2016 incident involving J.B. After the hearing, the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1708-JV-2033 | June 12, 2018 Page 3 of 7 juvenile court adjudicated D.H. to be a delinquent child. He now appeals the
adjudication.
Decision [8] D.H. appeals his adjudication as a delinquent child for committing three acts
that would be Level 4 felony child molesting if committed by an adult. He
argues that the juvenile court did not properly obtain jurisdiction and that there
is insufficient evidence to support the adjudication. We address each of his
contentions in turn.
1. Jurisdiction
[9] D.H. first contends that the juvenile court failed to follow the procedural steps
necessary to obtain jurisdiction. He specifically refers to the jurisdictional
requirement that the prosecutor make a preliminary inquiry into the case before
filing a delinquency petition. 1 See IND. CODE § 31-37-8-1(c). Generally,
noncompliance with this procedural prerequisite precludes the juvenile court’s
assumption of jurisdiction over the juvenile. Matter of C.K., 695 N.E.2d 601,
603 (Ind. Ct. App. 1998), trans. denied. However, where, as here, the child has
committed a serious adult crime, inquiry by the court into further social history
is unnecessary and not required by the statute defining preliminary inquiry.
1 A preliminary inquiry is an informal investigation into the facts and circumstances of the case. IND. CODE § 31-37-8-2. Whenever practicable, it should include the child’s background, current status, and school performance. Id. If the child has been detained, the preliminary inquiry should include efforts made to prevent removal of the child, whether it is in the best interest of the child to be removed, and whether remaining in the home would be contrary to the health and welfare of the child. Id.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1708-JV-2033 | June 12, 2018 Page 4 of 7 Collins v. State, 540 N.E.2d 85, 87 (Ind. Ct. App. 1989), trans. denied. Because
D.H. was alleged to be a delinquent child based upon an act that would
constitute a serious crime if committed by an adult, no further inquiry in
addition to that contained in the probable cause affidavit was necessary. See id.
The juvenile court properly obtained jurisdiction over this case.
2. Sufficiency of the Evidence
[10] D.H. also argues that there is insufficient evident to support his adjudication as
a delinquent child. Although juvenile adjudications are not criminal matters,
when the State petitions to have a child adjudicated to be a delinquent child for
an act that would be a crime if committed by an adult, due process requires the
State to prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt. S.M. v. State, 74 N.E.3d 250,
253 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017). When reviewing whether the State’s evidence was
sufficient to meet its burden, our standard is familiar. Id. We view the facts
and the reasonable inferences from them in the light most favorable to the true
finding. Id. We neither reweigh the evidence nor re-evaluate witness
credibility. Id. Rather, we will affirm unless no reasonable fact-finder could
have found the elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.
[11] To sustain the true finding that D.H. committed acts that would constitute
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Jun 12 2018, 9:32 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE R. Patrick Magrath Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Alcorn Sage Schwartz & Magrath, LLP Attorney General of Indiana Madison, Indiana Lyubov Gore Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
D.H., June 12, 2018 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 36A01-1708-JV-2033 v. Appeal from the Jackson Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Bruce Allan Appellee-Plaintiff. MacTavish, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 36D02-1609-JD-55
Pyle, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1708-JV-2033 | June 12, 2018 Page 1 of 7 Statement of the Case [1] D.H. appeals his adjudication as a delinquent child for committing three acts
that would be Level 4 felony child molesting if committed by an adult. He
argues that the juvenile court did not properly obtain jurisdiction and that there
is insufficient evidence to support the adjudication. Concluding that the
juvenile court properly obtained jurisdiction and that there is sufficient evidence
to support the juvenile delinquency adjudication, we affirm the juvenile court.
[2] We affirm.
Issues 1. Whether the juvenile court properly obtained jurisdiction.
2. Whether there is sufficient evidence to support D.H.’s adjudication as a delinquent child.
Facts [3] The facts most favorable to the adjudication reveal that M.I. (“Mother”) has
three children. Son D.H., who was born in 2003, lives with Mother and her
current husband in Seymour, Indiana. Daughters, S.B., who was born in 2004,
and J.B., who was born in 2006, live with their Father in Florida and visit
Mother during school breaks. During one of the girls’ visits in 2014, then-
eleven-year-old D.H. inappropriately touched then-eight-year-old J.B. D.H.
“was curious and was not sure if [the touching] was right or not.” (Ex. Vol. at
107).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1708-JV-2033 | June 12, 2018 Page 2 of 7 [4] Two years later, while the girls were visiting their Mother in June 2016, then-
thirteen-year-old D.H. went into then-ten-year-old J.B.’s bedroom at night and
used his hand and “private part” to touch J.B.’s “private part.” (Tr. 42). D.H.
inappropriately touched J.B. on more than one occasion.
[5] In July 2016, J.B. fell asleep watching television in her bedroom. When she
woke up at approximately 1:00 a.m., D.H. was next to her in the bed. D.H.
pulled J.B.’s shorts down to her knees and moved his hand up and down on
J.B.’s “private part.” (Tr. 37). D.H. also touched J.B.’s “private part” with his
“private part,” as he had on other occasions. (Tr. 37).
[6] Mother entered J.B.’s bedroom, noticed her two children under the covers, and
asked D.H. what he was doing. He responded that he was watching television.
When Mother told D.H. to watch television in his own room, D.H. responded
that he did not want to do that. Mother, who “knew something was wrong,”
pulled back the covers of the bed and discovered J.B. and D.H. Both had their
shorts down to their knees, their genitals were exposed, and D.H. may have had
an erection. (Tr. 38). Mother immediately contacted the police.
[7] Following an investigation, D.H. was removed from Mother’s home and placed
with his grandparents. In September 2016, the State filed a petition alleging
that D.H. was a delinquent child. A detailed three-page probable cause
affidavit was filed with the petition. The evidence presented at a hearing on the
petition revealed that D.H. had accessed and watched a pornographic cartoon
website before the July 2016 incident involving J.B. After the hearing, the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1708-JV-2033 | June 12, 2018 Page 3 of 7 juvenile court adjudicated D.H. to be a delinquent child. He now appeals the
adjudication.
Decision [8] D.H. appeals his adjudication as a delinquent child for committing three acts
that would be Level 4 felony child molesting if committed by an adult. He
argues that the juvenile court did not properly obtain jurisdiction and that there
is insufficient evidence to support the adjudication. We address each of his
contentions in turn.
1. Jurisdiction
[9] D.H. first contends that the juvenile court failed to follow the procedural steps
necessary to obtain jurisdiction. He specifically refers to the jurisdictional
requirement that the prosecutor make a preliminary inquiry into the case before
filing a delinquency petition. 1 See IND. CODE § 31-37-8-1(c). Generally,
noncompliance with this procedural prerequisite precludes the juvenile court’s
assumption of jurisdiction over the juvenile. Matter of C.K., 695 N.E.2d 601,
603 (Ind. Ct. App. 1998), trans. denied. However, where, as here, the child has
committed a serious adult crime, inquiry by the court into further social history
is unnecessary and not required by the statute defining preliminary inquiry.
1 A preliminary inquiry is an informal investigation into the facts and circumstances of the case. IND. CODE § 31-37-8-2. Whenever practicable, it should include the child’s background, current status, and school performance. Id. If the child has been detained, the preliminary inquiry should include efforts made to prevent removal of the child, whether it is in the best interest of the child to be removed, and whether remaining in the home would be contrary to the health and welfare of the child. Id.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1708-JV-2033 | June 12, 2018 Page 4 of 7 Collins v. State, 540 N.E.2d 85, 87 (Ind. Ct. App. 1989), trans. denied. Because
D.H. was alleged to be a delinquent child based upon an act that would
constitute a serious crime if committed by an adult, no further inquiry in
addition to that contained in the probable cause affidavit was necessary. See id.
The juvenile court properly obtained jurisdiction over this case.
2. Sufficiency of the Evidence
[10] D.H. also argues that there is insufficient evident to support his adjudication as
a delinquent child. Although juvenile adjudications are not criminal matters,
when the State petitions to have a child adjudicated to be a delinquent child for
an act that would be a crime if committed by an adult, due process requires the
State to prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt. S.M. v. State, 74 N.E.3d 250,
253 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017). When reviewing whether the State’s evidence was
sufficient to meet its burden, our standard is familiar. Id. We view the facts
and the reasonable inferences from them in the light most favorable to the true
finding. Id. We neither reweigh the evidence nor re-evaluate witness
credibility. Id. Rather, we will affirm unless no reasonable fact-finder could
have found the elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.
[11] To sustain the true finding that D.H. committed acts that would constitute
Level 4 felony child molesting if committed by an adult, the State was required
to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that D.H., with a child under fourteen
years of age, J.B., performed or submitted to fondling or touching with the
intent to arouse or satisfy his sexual desires. See IND. CODE § 35-42-4-3. This
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1708-JV-2033 | June 12, 2018 Page 5 of 7 Court has previously pointed out that the child molestation statute does not
contain a minimum age for the perpetrator of the offense. In State v. J.D., 701
N.E.2d 908, 910 (Ind. Ct. App. 1998), trans. denied, we concluded the
“Legislature intended that the child molesting would apply to offenders
regardless of their age and would even apply to offenders who f[e]ll within the
protected age group set forth in the statute.”2
[12] D.H. challenges his adjudication as a delinquent child. Specifically, he
contends that there is insufficient evidence that he had the intent to arouse or
satisfy his sexual desires. Rather, according to D.H., “Indiana should not make
children into criminals for peer exploration.” (D.H.’s Br. at 16).
[13] In T.G. v. State, 3 N.E.3d 19, 24 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014), trans. denied, we held that
“it is unreasonable to infer intent to satisfy or arouse sexual desire solely from
the fact that [a] child intentionally touched another child’s genitals” given that
children may experiment by looking at and touching another child’s genitals.
Accordingly, we explained that other circumstances must be present to indicate
such intent. Id.
[14] For example, in T.G., we found “several circumstances” that were relevant to
whether T.G., who was male, had touched the female victim with the intent to
arouse or satisfy his sexual desires. Id. at 25. First, we found that the ages of
2 We decline D.H.’s request that we “review and revise [our] position” that minors under the age of fourteen can be adjudged to be juvenile delinquents pursuant to the child molesting statute. (D.H.’s Br. 17).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1708-JV-2033 | June 12, 2018 Page 6 of 7 the children were relevant. Id. T.G., who was eleven years old, was
significantly older than the six-year-old victim, and they could not be
considered to be peers. Id. We also noted the extent of the conduct as well as
the history of similar conduct were both relevant as well. Id. For example,
T.G. had previously kissed the victim on the lips with an open mouth, put his
hand in her underwear, and touched her genitals. Id. In addition, T.G. had not
simply touched the victim’s genitals, he had rubbed them, and he had
repeatedly told the victim to touch his penis. Id. Given all of these
circumstances, we held that a reasonable factfinder could have found beyond a
reasonable doubt that T.G. had touched or fondled the victim with the intent to
arouse or satisfy his sexual desires. Id. Accordingly, we affirmed T.G.’s true
finding. Id.
[15] Here, as in T.G., we find the presence of circumstances to indicate D.H.’s intent
to arouse or satisfy his sexual desires. First, thirteen-year-old D.H. was three
years older than J.B., and they could not be considered peers. In addition,
D.H. had begun inappropriately touching J.B. in 2014. His acts continued in
2016, when he had not simply touched J.B.’s genitals but had moved his hand
up and down on them. He had also accessed and watched a pornography
cartoon website before touching J.B.’s genitals with his penis. This evidence is
sufficient to support D.H.’s intent and adjudication as a delinquent child.
[16] Affirmed.
Vaidik, C.J., and Barnes, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1708-JV-2033 | June 12, 2018 Page 7 of 7