RENDERED: OCTOBER 23, 2020; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals NO. 2019-CA-1706-ME
KATHRYN NICOLE HANSON, (F/K/A WORK) IN HER INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY AND AS MOTHER AND NEXT FRIEND FOR E.A.W.; W.F.W.; AND E.S.W. APPELLANTS
APPEAL FROM JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT FAMILY COURT DIVISION v. HONORABLE LAUREN ADAMS OGDEN, JUDGE ACTION NO. 19-D-500582-002
JESSE HENDRICKS WORK APPELLEE
OPINION VACATING AND REMANDING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: MAZE, TAYLOR, AND K. THOMPSON, JUDGES.
TAYLOR, JUDGE: Kathryn Nicole Hanson (f/k/a Work) in her individual
capacity and as mother and next friend for E.A.W., W.F.W., and E.S.W. brings this
appeal from a November 5, 2019, order of the Jefferson Circuit Court, Family Court Division, dismissing Kathryn’s petition for a domestic violence order (DVO)
against her former husband, Jesse Hendricks Work. We vacate and remand.
Kathryn and Jesse were married on May 19, 2007. Three children
were born of the parties’ marriage: E.A.W. was born on April 12, 2008; W.F.W.
was born on May 23, 2009; and E.S.W. was born on September 15, 2011.
On February 28, 2019, Kathryn filed a petition for an order of
protection against Jesse (Action No. 19-D-500582-001), and an Emergency
Protective Order was entered. The following day, Jesse filed a petition for
dissolution of marriage (Action No. 19-CI-500640). Following an evidentiary
hearing upon Kathryn’s petition, a DVO was entered on behalf of Kathryn and the
three children on March 12, 2019 (Action No. 19-D-500582-001).1 Thereafter, on
March 28, 2019, dependency, neglect, and abuse (DNA) petitions were filed on
behalf of the parties’ three children (Action Nos. 19-J-501868-001, 19-J-501869-
001, and 19-J-501870-001).2 All of the preceding actions were filed in the
Jefferson Circuit Court, Family Court Division (family court).
1 Action No. 19-D-500582-001, which resulted in a Domestic Violence Order (DVO) being entered on March 12, 2019, is not part of the record on appeal. However, the docket sheet for Action No. 19-D-500582-001 on CourtNet reflects that amendments were made to the March 12, 2019, DVO on a few occasions. Although unclear from the record, the amendments apparently permitted Jesse to have some contact with the children. 2 Dependency, neglect, and abuse proceedings (Action Nos. 19-J-501868-001, 19-J-501869-001, and 19-J-501870-001) were initiated on March 28, 2019, and are not part of the record on appeal.
-2- A Limited Decree of Dissolution of Marriage was subsequently
entered on July 22, 2019 (Action No. 19-CI-500640) dissolving the parties’
marriage and reserving all other issues, including child custody and timesharing,
for future adjudication.
Then, on October 9, 2019, Kathryn filed a second petition for entry of
a DVO (Action No. 19-D-500582-002) from which this appeal emanates. Therein,
Kathryn described an incident that occurred on October 5, 2019, just a few weeks
after Jesse had been permitted to resume unsupervised visits with the children
following entry of the first DVO on March 12, 2019. The children came home
from the visit and told Kathryn that Jesse violently threw their ten-year-old son
into the stove causing him to hit his head on a pan and then locked him out of the
house. The children reportedly told Kathryn they were terrified of Jesse.
An evidentiary hearing on Kathryn’s petition for a DVO began on
October 22, 2019, and was continued until November 5, 2019. Following the
conclusion of the November 5, 2019, hearing, the family court denied Kathryn’s
petition for a DVO. A handwritten docket sheet order was entered by the family
court on November 5, 2019, which provided:
Parties both present & [with] counsel. [Court] declined to hear from the parties’ [children] due to their already having been interviewed by [Cabinet with] no substantiation or supervision restriction on [Jesse’s visitation]. [Children] may testify in the [dependency, neglect, and abuse] action when their GAL is present.
-3- Neither [the Cabinet] worker Glenda Freeman or Robin Jordon from SAFY was called & also not available. [Jesse] has not seen the [children] since early October despite [court] orders to the contrary; [Kathryn] is exhibiting gatekeeping which is concerning to the [court]. [Kathryn] appeared visibly upset when [the court] said the [children] needed both parents in their lives. Burden not met by [Kathryn]; case dismissed. Issues [are] more properly addressed in circuit [court] & DNA actions when GAL can be present for [children].
This appeal follows.
Upon review of a denial of a DVO, the standard of review is whether
the family court’s denial was clearly erroneous or whether the court abused its
discretion. Hall v. Smith, 599 S.W.3d 451, 454 (Ky. App. 2020) (citations
omitted). And, the entry of a DVO is governed by Kentucky Revised Statutes
(KRS) 403.740, which provides that the family court is permitted to issue a DVO
where it “finds by a preponderance of the evidence that domestic violence and
abuse has occurred and may again occur.” KRS 403.740(1); Hall, 599 S.W.3d at
454. A preponderance of the evidence is evidence that “establishes the alleged
victim was more likely than not to have been a victim of domestic violence.” Hall,
599 S.W.3d at 454. The reviewing court is not permitted to substitute its own
findings of fact for that of the family court unless those findings are clearly
erroneous. Id.
Kathryn contends the family court erred by denying her October 9,
2019, petition for a DVO without conducting a full evidentiary hearing. More
-4- specifically, Kathryn asserts the family court denied her the opportunity to present
the proof necessary to satisfy her burden that domestic violence had occurred and
is likely to again occur.
It is well-established that due to the immense impact an EPO or DVO
has on an individual’s life and a family’s life, the court is required to provide a full
evidentiary hearing to both parties. Wright v. Wright, 181 S.W.3d 49, 53 (Ky.
App. 2005). And, due process requires that each party is to be given “a meaningful
opportunity to be heard.” Id. (quoting Lynch v. Lynch, 737 S.W.2d 184, 186 (Ky.
App. 1987)). A meaningful opportunity to be heard includes allowing each party
the opportunity to present evidence and give sworn testimony. Wright, 181
S.W.3d at 53; Hawkins v. Jones, 555 S.W.3d 459, 462 (Ky. App. 2018) (citation
omitted).
From our review of the record, it appears that Kathryn was not given a
hearing that included a meaningful opportunity to be heard upon her petition for a
DVO. At the first hearing on October 22, 2019, the family court heard testimony
from a caseworker with the Cabinet. The caseworker identified herself as the
ongoing caseworker for the family, presumably as a result of the pending DNA
cases. The caseworker for the Cabinet testified that Kathryn had contacted her
about the incident that transpired when the children were with Jesse on October 5,
2019. However, the caseworker acknowledged she had not interviewed any of the
-5- children about the incident at that time. The caseworker further testified that she
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RENDERED: OCTOBER 23, 2020; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals NO. 2019-CA-1706-ME
KATHRYN NICOLE HANSON, (F/K/A WORK) IN HER INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY AND AS MOTHER AND NEXT FRIEND FOR E.A.W.; W.F.W.; AND E.S.W. APPELLANTS
APPEAL FROM JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT FAMILY COURT DIVISION v. HONORABLE LAUREN ADAMS OGDEN, JUDGE ACTION NO. 19-D-500582-002
JESSE HENDRICKS WORK APPELLEE
OPINION VACATING AND REMANDING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: MAZE, TAYLOR, AND K. THOMPSON, JUDGES.
TAYLOR, JUDGE: Kathryn Nicole Hanson (f/k/a Work) in her individual
capacity and as mother and next friend for E.A.W., W.F.W., and E.S.W. brings this
appeal from a November 5, 2019, order of the Jefferson Circuit Court, Family Court Division, dismissing Kathryn’s petition for a domestic violence order (DVO)
against her former husband, Jesse Hendricks Work. We vacate and remand.
Kathryn and Jesse were married on May 19, 2007. Three children
were born of the parties’ marriage: E.A.W. was born on April 12, 2008; W.F.W.
was born on May 23, 2009; and E.S.W. was born on September 15, 2011.
On February 28, 2019, Kathryn filed a petition for an order of
protection against Jesse (Action No. 19-D-500582-001), and an Emergency
Protective Order was entered. The following day, Jesse filed a petition for
dissolution of marriage (Action No. 19-CI-500640). Following an evidentiary
hearing upon Kathryn’s petition, a DVO was entered on behalf of Kathryn and the
three children on March 12, 2019 (Action No. 19-D-500582-001).1 Thereafter, on
March 28, 2019, dependency, neglect, and abuse (DNA) petitions were filed on
behalf of the parties’ three children (Action Nos. 19-J-501868-001, 19-J-501869-
001, and 19-J-501870-001).2 All of the preceding actions were filed in the
Jefferson Circuit Court, Family Court Division (family court).
1 Action No. 19-D-500582-001, which resulted in a Domestic Violence Order (DVO) being entered on March 12, 2019, is not part of the record on appeal. However, the docket sheet for Action No. 19-D-500582-001 on CourtNet reflects that amendments were made to the March 12, 2019, DVO on a few occasions. Although unclear from the record, the amendments apparently permitted Jesse to have some contact with the children. 2 Dependency, neglect, and abuse proceedings (Action Nos. 19-J-501868-001, 19-J-501869-001, and 19-J-501870-001) were initiated on March 28, 2019, and are not part of the record on appeal.
-2- A Limited Decree of Dissolution of Marriage was subsequently
entered on July 22, 2019 (Action No. 19-CI-500640) dissolving the parties’
marriage and reserving all other issues, including child custody and timesharing,
for future adjudication.
Then, on October 9, 2019, Kathryn filed a second petition for entry of
a DVO (Action No. 19-D-500582-002) from which this appeal emanates. Therein,
Kathryn described an incident that occurred on October 5, 2019, just a few weeks
after Jesse had been permitted to resume unsupervised visits with the children
following entry of the first DVO on March 12, 2019. The children came home
from the visit and told Kathryn that Jesse violently threw their ten-year-old son
into the stove causing him to hit his head on a pan and then locked him out of the
house. The children reportedly told Kathryn they were terrified of Jesse.
An evidentiary hearing on Kathryn’s petition for a DVO began on
October 22, 2019, and was continued until November 5, 2019. Following the
conclusion of the November 5, 2019, hearing, the family court denied Kathryn’s
petition for a DVO. A handwritten docket sheet order was entered by the family
court on November 5, 2019, which provided:
Parties both present & [with] counsel. [Court] declined to hear from the parties’ [children] due to their already having been interviewed by [Cabinet with] no substantiation or supervision restriction on [Jesse’s visitation]. [Children] may testify in the [dependency, neglect, and abuse] action when their GAL is present.
-3- Neither [the Cabinet] worker Glenda Freeman or Robin Jordon from SAFY was called & also not available. [Jesse] has not seen the [children] since early October despite [court] orders to the contrary; [Kathryn] is exhibiting gatekeeping which is concerning to the [court]. [Kathryn] appeared visibly upset when [the court] said the [children] needed both parents in their lives. Burden not met by [Kathryn]; case dismissed. Issues [are] more properly addressed in circuit [court] & DNA actions when GAL can be present for [children].
This appeal follows.
Upon review of a denial of a DVO, the standard of review is whether
the family court’s denial was clearly erroneous or whether the court abused its
discretion. Hall v. Smith, 599 S.W.3d 451, 454 (Ky. App. 2020) (citations
omitted). And, the entry of a DVO is governed by Kentucky Revised Statutes
(KRS) 403.740, which provides that the family court is permitted to issue a DVO
where it “finds by a preponderance of the evidence that domestic violence and
abuse has occurred and may again occur.” KRS 403.740(1); Hall, 599 S.W.3d at
454. A preponderance of the evidence is evidence that “establishes the alleged
victim was more likely than not to have been a victim of domestic violence.” Hall,
599 S.W.3d at 454. The reviewing court is not permitted to substitute its own
findings of fact for that of the family court unless those findings are clearly
erroneous. Id.
Kathryn contends the family court erred by denying her October 9,
2019, petition for a DVO without conducting a full evidentiary hearing. More
-4- specifically, Kathryn asserts the family court denied her the opportunity to present
the proof necessary to satisfy her burden that domestic violence had occurred and
is likely to again occur.
It is well-established that due to the immense impact an EPO or DVO
has on an individual’s life and a family’s life, the court is required to provide a full
evidentiary hearing to both parties. Wright v. Wright, 181 S.W.3d 49, 53 (Ky.
App. 2005). And, due process requires that each party is to be given “a meaningful
opportunity to be heard.” Id. (quoting Lynch v. Lynch, 737 S.W.2d 184, 186 (Ky.
App. 1987)). A meaningful opportunity to be heard includes allowing each party
the opportunity to present evidence and give sworn testimony. Wright, 181
S.W.3d at 53; Hawkins v. Jones, 555 S.W.3d 459, 462 (Ky. App. 2018) (citation
omitted).
From our review of the record, it appears that Kathryn was not given a
hearing that included a meaningful opportunity to be heard upon her petition for a
DVO. At the first hearing on October 22, 2019, the family court heard testimony
from a caseworker with the Cabinet. The caseworker identified herself as the
ongoing caseworker for the family, presumably as a result of the pending DNA
cases. The caseworker for the Cabinet testified that Kathryn had contacted her
about the incident that transpired when the children were with Jesse on October 5,
2019. However, the caseworker acknowledged she had not interviewed any of the
-5- children about the incident at that time. The caseworker further testified that she
ultimately informed Kathryn the complaint did not meet the criteria to warrant
further action by the Cabinet. In other words, the Cabinet did not substantiate the
allegation. After hearing testimony from the caseworker, the family court began to
read Kathryn’s petition for a DVO into the record. Jesse objected based upon
hearsay. As Kathryn’s petition was based upon information she heard from the
children regarding the incident on October 5, 2019, the family court sustained
Jesse’s objection. The family court then continued the hearing until November 5,
2019, stating the court would interview the children in chambers at that time.
On November 5, 2019, the evidentiary hearing on Kathryn’s petition
resumed. The ongoing caseworker for the Cabinet was not present when the case
was called, but was apparently en route and would have been available to testify.
According to Jesse’s counsel, the caseworker had interviewed the children
following the first hearing on October 22. The family court asked Kathryn to call
her first witness; Kathryn responded she was calling the parties’ Specialized
Alternatives for Families and Youth (SAFY) caseworker. The SAFY caseworker
was out-of-state but prepared to testify telephonically. The court attempted to
reach the SAFY caseworker at the telephone number provided, but she did not
answer. The children were present and available to be interviewed in chambers as
previously planned. However, the family court abruptly decided not to interview
-6- the children. The family court stated it believed the issue would be better
addressed in the custody or DNA proceedings where the children’s guardian ad
litem could be present. The family court also refused to hear from other available
witnesses, including Kathryn and her mother. The family court then dismissed
Kathryn’s petition without allowing her to call any witnesses.
The failure of the family court to allow Kathryn to call any witnesses
denied her a meaningful opportunity to be heard as required by due process.
Wright, 181 S.W.3d at 53. As we do not believe that the family court provided
Kathryn with a meaningful opportunity to be heard, we must vacate the family
court’s November 5, 2019, order denying Kathryn’s petition for entry of a DVO
and remand the matter for a full evidentiary hearing, including permitting Kathryn
to call witnesses on her behalf.
For the foregoing reasons, the Order of the Jefferson Circuit Court,
Family Court Division, is vacated and remanded for proceedings consistent with
this Opinion.
ALL CONCUR.
BRIEF FOR APPELLANTS: BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:
R. Zachary Meihaus Courtney L. Baird Louisville, Kentucky Marcia L. Sparks Emily A. White Louisville, Kentucky
-7-