Dervin v. Christopher Cox Ins. & Invests., Inc.

2024 Ohio 1304

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: April 4, 2024
• Docket: 2023CA00152
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Dervin v. Christopher Cox Ins. & Invests., Inc., 2024-Ohio-1304.]

COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

ALBERT H. DERVIN, : JUDGES: : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J. Plaintiff - Appellee : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. : Hon. Andrew J. King, J. -vs- : : CHRISTOPHER COX INSURANCE : Case No. 2023CA00152 & INVESTMENTS, INC, et al. : : Defendants : : And : OPINION : JACK MORRISON, JR. and AMER : CUNNINGHAM CO., LPA : : Appellants :

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2019 CV 00999

JUDGMENT: Reversed and Remanded

DATE OF JUDGMENT: April 4, 2024

APPEARANCES:

For Appellees For Appellants

LAURA L. MILLS ORVILLE L. REED, III PIERCE C. WALKER HAMILTON DESAUSSURE, JR. Mills, Mills, Fiely & Lucas, LLC DAVID W. HILKERT 101 Central Plaza South, Suite 1200 Stark & Knoll Co., L.P.A. Canton, Ohio 44702 3475 Ridgewood Rd. Akron, Ohio 44333 Stark County, Case No. 2023CA00152 2

Baldwin, J.

STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND THE CASE

{¶1} In 2001, Christopher C. Cox and appellee Albert H. Dervin formed

Christopher Cox Insurance and Investments, Inc., each as a 50% shareholder. The

parties executed a five-page Shareholders Agreement to govern the business.

{¶2} On May 6, 2019, following years of disagreement between the parties, the

appellee filed a Complaint for Judicial Dissolution pursuant to R.C. 1701.91(A)(4) against

both Cox and Cox Insurance and Investments, Inc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as

“Cox”.) On June 6, 2019, Cox filed a Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Subject Matter

Jurisdiction citing a mandatory arbitration clause within the Shareholders Agreement, and

on June 28, 2019 he filed a Motion to Stay Proceedings Pending Arbitration. The trial

court found the matter was properly before it pursuant to R.C. 1701.91, and on July 16,

2019, denied without opinion Cox's Motion to Stay Proceedings Pending Arbitration.

{¶3} Cox appealed to this Court, arguing that the trial court erred by denying a

motion to stay proceedings pending arbitration without setting forth any findings or

reasoning; and, that the trial court erred by denying the motion to stay pending arbitration.

We affirmed on January 27, 2020, finding that the issue before us was whether or not the

Shareholder’s Agreement compelled the parties to arbitrate the dissolution of the

corporation, and that we were able to infer that the trial court found the matter was not

subject to arbitration when it denied the motion to stay; and, further, that the winding up

of a corporation is not a “dispute” contemplated by the Shareholder Agreement. Dervin v.

Christopher Cox Insurance & Investments, Inc., 5th Dist. Stark No. 2019CA00116, 2020-

Ohio-260. Stark County, Case No. 2023CA00152 3

{¶4} On October 23, 2019, during the course of the trial and appellate

proceedings in this matter, the appellee filed a second complaint against Christopher Cox

individually in which he claimed that Cox converted and misappropriated corporate assets

by, inter alia, retaining the appellants to represent the interests of the company in this

case. See, Dervin v. Cox, Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2019CV02115

(Dervin 2.) The trial court stayed Dervin 2 until this Court’s determination on the first

appeal. On February 12, 2020, following this Court’s January 27, 2020 decision in Dervin,

supra, the trial court in Dervin 2 issued a judgment entry consolidating Dervin 2 with the

within matter.

{¶5} On October 24, 2019, Christopher Cox Insurance & Investments, Inc. dba

Cox & Dervin Insurance filed a Verified Complaint for Misappropriation of Trade Secrets,

Tortious Interference with Business Relations, Civil Conspiracy, Temporary Restraining

Order, and Preliminary and Permanent Injunctive Relief against defendants Amy K.

Dervin, c/o Dervin Insurance Group, Inc.; Dervin Insurance Group, Inc., c/o Amy K.

Dervin, Statutory Agent; Pretorious Agency Inc. nka Dervin Insurance Group, Inc.; and,

Dervin Insurance Group, Inc. dba Pretorious Coleman Insurance Agency. See,

Christopher Cox Insurance & Investments, Inc. dba Cox & Dervin Insurance v. Dervin, et

al., Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2019CV02125 (Dervin 3.)

{¶6} On May 16, 2022, the trial court granted the appellee’s motion for judicial

dissolution of the business and appointment of a receiver, and on June 21, 2022 issued

an Order Appointing Receiver, naming the receiver and setting forth the terms of the

receivership. On June 24, 2022, Cox appealed the appointment of a receiver to this court

in Fifth District Court of Appeals Case No. 2022CA00085. Stark County, Case No. 2023CA00152 4

{¶7} Eventually a settlement was reached, and on January 13, 2023 a

Confidential Settlement Agreement and Release (“Settlement Agreement”) was entered

into by Christopher C. Cox, appellee Albert H. Dervin, and Christopher Cox Insurance

and Investments, Inc. dba Cox and Dervin Insurance. The Settlement Agreement

contained a paragraph entitled “Release” which provided that the parties released and

discharged each other “on behalf of themselves and their heirs, executors, predecessors,

successors, attorneys, agents, representatives, and assigns.” In addition, the Settlement

Agreement contained a paragraph entitled “Dismissal of Lawsuits and Acknowledgement

of Settlement” which provided that the parties agreed, within five days of execution of the

Agreement, to dismiss with prejudice Stark County Court of Common Pleas Case

Numbers 2019CV0099 and 2019CV02125, and Court of Appeals Case No.

2022CA00085. The Settlement Agreement was signed by Christopher Cox, Individually;

Christopher Cox Insurance and Investments, Inc. dba Cox and Dervin Insurance, by

Christopher C. Cox as President; Albert H. Dervin; Jude Streb, Esq., as Counsel for

Dervin; Jack Morrison, Jr., Esq., as Counsel for Cox and the Agency; and, Amy K. Dervin.

{¶8} On January 17, 2023, an Agreed Dismissal Entry was filed with the trial

court in this matter. On January 17, 2023 the parties also submitted an Agreed Judgment

Entry to this Court in Case No. 2022CA00085, and on January 19, 2023 this Court issued

a Judgment Entry dismissing the appeal based upon the parties’ agreed entry of

dismissal. On January 20, 2023 the parties in Dervin 3 (Stark County Court of Common

Pleas Case No. 2019CV02125) filed a Dismissal Entry.

{¶9} On August 28, 2023, appellee Dervin, together with Dervin & Associates,

Inc., fka Christopher Cox Insurance & Investments, Inc., dba Cox & Dervin Insurance; Stark County, Case No. 2023CA00152 5

Dervin Insurance Group, Inc.; and, Amy K. Dervin filed a professional tort complaint

against appellants Jack Morrison, Jr. Esq. and Amer Cunningham Co., L.P.A. alleging

legal malpractice and abuse of process. See, Dervin & Associates, Inc., et al., v. Amer

Cunningham Co., L.P.A., et al., Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Case No.

2023CV01548.

{¶10} On October 4, 2023, the appellants filed a Motion to Enforce Settlement

Agreement with the trial court in this case, arguing that the claims set forth in the legal

malpractice and abuse of process complaint violated the terms of the Settlement

Agreement. More specifically, the appellants argued that they are covered by the terms

of the Settlement Agreement and/or are third party beneficiaries of the Agreement, and

are therefore released from all claims; that the claims raised by the legal malpractice

complaint are subject to res judicata; and, that the claims of Amy Dervin and her company

are also barred by the Settlement Agreement. The appellee filed a Motion to Strike the

Motion to Enforce Settlement Agreement, and also filed a brief in opposition to the Motion

to Strike. Briefs in support and reply briefs were filed addressing the various issues raised

by the parties.

{¶11} On October 19, 2024, the trial court issued a one page Judgment Entry

Granting Motion to Strike Motion to Enforce Settlement in which it outlined the dates of

the various briefs filed by the parties and held simply that “[u]pon review, [appellee’s]

motion to strike the motion to enforce settlement is granted.” The trial court’s entry did not

set forth any analysis or reasoning for its decision to sustain the appellee’s motion to

strike. Stark County, Case No. 2023CA00152 6

{¶12} The appellants filed a timely Notice of Appeal on November 17, 2023,

setting forth the following assignments of error:

{¶13} “I. WHEN A PARTY ADVANCES MULTIPLE GROUNDS FOR STRIKING

A MOTION, A TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF THE NON-MOVANT BY

SIMPLY STRIKING THE MOTION, WITHOUT ALSO PROVIDING ANY EXPLANATION

OF ITS REASON OR REASONS FOR SO RULING.”

{¶14} “II. ASSUMING, ARGUENDO, THAT THE TRIAL COURT CONCLUDED

THAT APPELLANTS LACKED STANDING OR WERE NOT REAL PARTIES IN

INTEREST ENTITLED TO ENFORCE THE SETTLEMENT, IT ERRED TO THE

PREJUDICE OF APPELLANTS.”

{¶15} “III. ASSUMING, ARGUENDO, THAT THE TRIAL COURT CONCLUDED

THAT IT SHOULD ABSTAIN FROM EXERCISING PERSONAL JURISDICTION OVER

APPELLEES, IT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF APPELLANTS.”

{¶16} “IV. ASSUMING, ARGUENDO, THAT THE TRIAL COURT REACHED THE

MERITS AND CONCLUDED THAT APPELLANTS WERE NOT ENTITLED TO

ENFORCE THE SETTLEMENT, IT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF APPELLANTS.” 1

1 In addition to the arguments set forth in his appellee brief, the appellee filed a

motion to strike assignment of error number four, arguing that the issue raised by the

same is not properly before this Court since the trial court did not rule on the merits of

the appellants’ arguments. Stark County, Case No. 2023CA00152 7

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER ONE

{¶17} In their first assignment of error, the appellants argue that the trial court

erred in granting the appellee’s motion to strike without setting forth any explanation of its

reason or reasons for so ruling. We agree.

{¶18} At the time of the trial court’s ruling, it had before it the following:

1. The appellants’ October 4, 2023 Motion to Enforce Settlement

Agreement, in which the appellants argued that they were released from

claims for malpractice and abuse of process by the terms of the Settlement

Agreement; that they are third party beneficiaries of the Agreement; that the

Agreement acts as res judicata regardless of the terms of the release; and,

that because Amy Dervin also signed the Agreement her claims and those

of her company against the appellants were also barred by the terms of the

Agreement;

2. The appellee’s October 12, 2023 Motion to Strike, in which he

argued that the appellants were non-parties to the Settlement Agreement

and therefore did not have standing to enforce the Agreement;

3. The appellee’s October 13, 2023 Response in Opposition to

Motion to Enforce Settlement Agreement, in which he argued that the

appellants’ res judicata arguments were not properly before the court and

should instead be raised in a motion to dismiss in the malpractice matter. In

addition, the appellee utilized the metadata contained in the Settlement

Agreement to argue that while there may be an ambiguity in the language

of the Settlement Agreement, the draft redlines found in the metadata Stark County, Case No. 2023CA00152 8

clearly illustrate that the parties did not intend for their respective attorneys

to be covered by the terms of the Agreement. The appellee argued that

principles of contract interpretation precluded the trial court’s consideration

of the motion to enforce settlement agreement, and attached an email which

contained redlined versions of the Settlement Agreement, Stock

Redemption Agreement, and the Insurance Producer Agreement;

4. The appellants’ October 13, 2023 Reply Brief in Support of Motion

to Enforce Settlement Agreement, which contained arguments in opposition

to the Motion to Strike. The appellants’ Reply Brief included a reference to

paragraph 11 of the Settlement Agreement, which they submitted states

that persons and entities referred to in Section 4 of the Agreement who are

not parties are third-party beneficiaries. Based upon this argument, they

asserted that they are third party beneficiaries of the Agreement and

therefore have standing to seek its enforcement;

5. The appellant’s October 17, 2023 Reply to Plaintiff’s Second

Opposition to Motion to Enforce Settlement Agreement, in which the

appellants submitted arguments regarding the language contained in the

Settlement Agreement, and that the extrinsic metadata evidence submitted

by the appellee is parole evidence, was not properly before the trial court,

and should not be considered at all and/or used to change the terms of the

contract; and,

6. The appellee’s October 18, 2023 Reply Brief in Support of Motion

to Strike, in which he argued that a motion to strike can be used to attack Stark County, Case No. 2023CA00152 9

the sufficiency of the motion to enforce, and that the appellants are not third

party beneficiaries the Settlement Agreement and therefore do not have

standing to enforce it.

{¶19} The trial court’s October 19, 2023 Judgment Entry Granting Motion to Strike

Motion to Enforce Settlement states in its entirety:

This matter came before the Court upon a motion to enforce

settlement filed by Jack Morrison Jr. and the law firm of Amer Cunningham

Co. LPA (Morrison) on October 4, 2023. Plaintiff filed a Motion to Strike on

October 12, 2023. Plaintiff also filed a Response in Opposition on October

13, 2023. Morrison filed Reply Briefs on October 13, 2023, and October 17,

2023.

Upon review, Plaintiff’s motion to strike the motion to enforce

settlement is GRANTED.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

{¶20} Based upon the language contained in the trial court’s judgment entry, we

are unable to discern which reason or reasons it relied upon in granting the appellee’s

Motion to Strike. The trial court provided no legal analysis, nor its reasoning, for granting

the motion. There is no discussion by the trial court regarding whether it found that the

appellants were not covered by the terms of the settlement agreement, whether it found

that the appellants were not third-party beneficiaries of the agreement, or whether it

considered the appellants’ res judicata argument. Further, there is no discussion

regarding the fact that the Settlement Agreement was signed by Amy Dervin, or the fact

that it specifically mentioned dismissal of cases other than the one before the trial court. Stark County, Case No. 2023CA00152 10

Finally, there is no discussion regarding the metadata redline drafts, whether said

evidence was considered by the trial court, or if it was even properly before the court.

{¶21} This Court addressed a similar issue in Premier Homes, Inc. v Hanna

Commercial, LLC, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2017CA00135, 2018-Ohio-1126, in which we stated:

Because we cannot determine which reason(s) the trial court based

its decision on, we hereby reverse the June 26, 2017 judgment entry and

remand the matter to the trial court to enter a new judgment entry with

specific reasoning. This court's reversal in no way should be construed as

a decision on the merits, as we are unable to reach the merits given the

sparse language of the judgment entry.

Id. at ¶21.

{¶22} Just as in Premier, we are unable to determine the reasons upon which the

trial court based its decision.2 We therefore sustain the appellant’s first assignment of

error, and reverse and remand the matter to the trial court to enter a new judgment entry

in which it sets forth its specific reasoning for its decision. Because we are unable to

render a decision on the merits given the sparse language of the trial court’s judgment

entry, our decision in no way constitutes a decision on the merits of this matter.

2 The facts of the appeal currently before us are distinguishable from those in Dervin v.

Christopher Cox Insurance & Investments, Inc., 5th Dist. Stark No. 2019CA00116, 2020- Ohio-260, in which the issue, whether dissolution of the company was subject to the arbitration provision of the Shareholder’s Agreement, could be inferred to be the sole issue upon which the trial court based its decision to deny the motion to stay pending arbitration. In this case, we cannot infer the reasoning of the trial court in light of the numerous arguments submitted by the parties in their various briefs. Stark County, Case No. 2023CA00152 11

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR NUMBERS TWO THROUGH FOUR

{¶23} Based upon our determination regarding assignment of error number one,

assignments of error numbers two through four are moot.

CONCLUSION

{¶24} The judgment of the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, General

Division is hereby reversed, and the matter remanded to the court for further proceedings

consistent with this opinion.

By: Baldwin, J.

Gwin, P.J. and

King, J. concur.