Dept. of Revenue v. NU-LIFE HEALTH

623 So. 2d 747
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedAugust 30, 1993
Docket92-4
StatusPublished

This text of 623 So. 2d 747 (Dept. of Revenue v. NU-LIFE HEALTH) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Dept. of Revenue v. NU-LIFE HEALTH, 623 So. 2d 747 (Fla. Ct. App. 1993).

Opinion

623 So.2d 747 (1992)

DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, State of Florida, Appellant,
v.
NU-LIFE HEALTH AND FITNESS CENTER, Appellee.

No. 92-4.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, First District.

December 30, 1992.
Opinion Clarifying Disposition on Rehearing August 30, 1993.

*748 Robert A. Butterworth, Atty. Gen., and Leland L. McCharen, Asst. Atty. Gen., Tallahassee, for appellant.

Larry E. Levy, Tallahassee, for appellee.

ZEHMER, Judge.

The Florida Department of Revenue appeals an adverse final judgment in this action by Nu-Life Health and Fitness Center to contest tax assessments allegedly owed pursuant to chapter 212, Florida Statutes (1986-1988). The circuit court denied the Department's motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and entered final judgment for Nu-Life on the merits of its complaint. The Department asserts error in the circuit court's ruling that the provisions in section 72.011(3), Florida Statutes (1989), specifying the jurisdictional prerequisites for filing an action in circuit court to contest the legality of a tax assessment made under chapter 212, are unconstitutional. It also asserts that the circuit court erroneously entered judgment for Nu-Life on the merits of its action. We reverse the ruling that section 72.011(3) is unconstitutional and remand with directions to dismiss the complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction based on Nu-Life's failure to comply with that section.

In December 1988, the Department issued two warrants for the collection of delinquent sales taxes under chapter 212 allegedly owed by Nu-Life for the months of January 1, 1986, through November 1, 1988. In February 1989, Nu-Life filed its complaint in circuit court, alleging that these assessments were illegal, null, and void. Nu-Life also alleged that the requirements in section 72.011(3) — that a taxpayer post a bond or tender a deposit in the court registry in the amount of the assessed taxes and penalties as a jurisdictional condition to its proceeding in circuit court — unconstitutionally deprived it of the right to reasonable access to courts as guaranteed in article I, section 21, of the Florida Constitution, and constituted an unlawful delegation of legislative authority to the executive director of the Department to determine whether to waive the deposit or bond requirement. The Department moved to dismiss the complaint on the ground that the circuit court lacked subject matter jurisdiction because Nu-Life had not paid the assessed taxes and had failed to follow any of the conditions to maintaining this suit as required by section 72.011(3).

After a pretrial hearing, the circuit court denied the Department's motion to dismiss. Agreeing with Nu-Life, the court ruled that section 72.011(3) is unconstitutional because it denies aggrieved taxpayers such as Nu-Life access to courts as provided in the Florida Constitution, and it unlawfully delegates legislative authority to determine when and under what conditions and circumstances a bond will be required. The court entered final judgment for Nu-Life, ruling that the challenged assessments were illegal, null, and void.[1]

On appeal, the Department first challenges the circuit court's ruling that section 72.011(3) violates article I, section 21, of the Florida Constitution, governing access to courts. Section 72.011(3), Florida Statutes (1989), reads:

(3) In any action filed in circuit court contesting the legality of any tax, interest, or penalty assessed under a section or chapter specified in subsection (1), the plaintiff must:
(a) Pay to the applicable department the amount of the tax, penalty, and accrued interest assessed by such department which is not being contested by the taxpayer; and either
(b) 1. Tender into the registry of the court with the complaint the amount of the contested assessment complained of, including penalties and accrued interest, unless this requirement is waived in writing by the executive director of the applicable department; or
2. File with the complaint a cash bond or a surety bond for the amount of the contested assessment endorsed by a surety *749 company authorized to do business in this state, or by any other security arrangement as may be approved by the court, and conditioned upon payment in full of the judgment, including the taxes, costs, penalties, and interest, unless this requirement is waived in writing by the executive director of the applicable department.
Failure to pay the uncontested amount as required in paragraph (a) shall result in dismissal of the action and imposition of an additional penalty in the amount of 25 percent of the tax assessed.

In North Port Bank v. State, Department of Revenue, 313 So.2d 683 (Fla. 1975), the supreme court held that a similar statute did not violate the Florida constitutional provision for access to courts. Section 199.242(3), Florida Statutes (1975), required that prior to filing any court action contesting the legality of a tax or penalty assessed under chapter 199, unless the assessed taxes and penalties had been paid, the complainant must

tender into the court and file with the complaint the full amount of the assessment complained of, including penalties, or file with the complaint a cash bond or a surety bond endorsed by a surety company authorized to do business in this state or by such sureties as may be approved by the court, conditioned to satisfy any judgment or decree in full, including the taxes complained of, costs, and penalties.

(Emphasis added.) The court observed that, if construed literally and without regard to the constitutional requirement of access to courts, section 199.242(3) would deny the taxpayer access to courts specifically granted by the Florida Constitution. The court continued by stating, however, that courts have the judicial obligation to sustain legislative enactments whenever possible and upheld the validity of section 199.242(3) by construing its provision in a manner that avoided the apparent unconstitutional aspects of the literal statutory language. The court stated:

It seems logical and reasonable that, whenever a taxpayer feels the intangible taxes assessed are too high, the administrative remedies should first be exhausted; and, if the amount is still unsatisfactory, the taxpayer can either comply literally with Section 199.242(3), Florida Statutes, or, alternatively, petition the Court to fix the amount to deposit in the registry of the Court or to post as bond pending the outcome of the litigation. Immediately upon filing such petition for judicial review, if the Court finds the Petitioner has not literally complied with its above provision, the Court should hold a preliminary hearing to set such amounts and condition of the bond or funds to be deposited into the Court registry. Such assessments are considered prima facie correct and unless this presumption is overcome by the taxpayer to require reduction, the amounts claimed should be set by the Court as proper. If the taxpayer does not comply with the conditions set by the Court, the suit should be dismissed. Such dismissal could be appealed only if supersedeas fixed by the Court is posted to protect the state against loss occurring during litigation or caused by the delay.

Thus, in North Port Bank, the supreme court read section 199.242(3) as providing an alternative to literal compliance with the statute.

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623 So. 2d 747, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/dept-of-revenue-v-nu-life-health-fladistctapp-1993.