Department of Transportation v. Mid-Peninsula Realty Investment Group, LLC

162 So. 3d 218, 2015 Fla. App. LEXIS 1947, 2015 WL 630201
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedFebruary 13, 2015
Docket2D14-305
StatusPublished

This text of 162 So. 3d 218 (Department of Transportation v. Mid-Peninsula Realty Investment Group, LLC) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Department of Transportation v. Mid-Peninsula Realty Investment Group, LLC, 162 So. 3d 218, 2015 Fla. App. LEXIS 1947, 2015 WL 630201 (Fla. Ct. App. 2015).

Opinions

[220]*220MORRIS, Judge.

The Department of Transportation (DOT) appeals a final judgment quieting title to property in favor of Mid-Peninsula Realty Investment Group, LLC. Although DOT obtained the property in question through an eminent domain proceeding in 1971, the property was conveyed in 1974 to private owners through a “wild deed.”1 Mid-Peninsula eventually obtained title and thereafter brought a declaratory judgment and quiet title action pursuant to the Marketable Record Title to Real Property Act (MRTA), ultimately succeeding below. Because we agree with the trial court that the exception to MRTA set forth in section 712.03(5), Florida Statutes (2003), does not apply to rights of way held in fee and that DOT did not prove it possessed the property as set forth in section 712.03(3), we affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

In 1970, DOT brought its eminent domain proceeding in relation to fourteen parcels located in Pasco County; the trial court entered an order of taking in 1971. These parcels, known as the Bear Creek Watershed, were used to construct a drainage canal.2 The canal is located just north of State Road 52 and to the west of U.S. Highway 19. The canal crosses under U.S. 19. of the original fourteen parcels taken by DOT in 1971, parcel 338 is the subject of this dispute. Parcel 338 was acquired during the eminent domain proceedings pursuant to a stipulation entered into by DOT and the then private owners. The trial court’s order vested DOT with “full and complete ownership” of the parcel, and the order was recorded in the Pasco County public records at O.R. Book 560, pages 129-131.

However, in 1974, despite the stipulation and the trial court’s order, the former owners of parcel 338 purported to convey the parcel as part of a larger tract to new private owners. Thereafter, the tract was conveyed through a series of transfers, always including parcel 338. Ultimately, Mid-Peninsula obtained title to the property in 2008. It is undisputed that the 1974 conveyance was a “wild deed” and that it qualified as a root of title for purposes of MRTA.3

During the pendency of Mid-Peninsula’s action below, DOT moved for partial summary judgment arguing that the exception to root title status as set forth in section 712.03(5) applied. That exception provides in relevant part:

Such marketable record title shall not affect or extinguish the following rights:
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[221]*221(5) Recorded or unrecorded easements or rights, interest or servitude in the nature of easements, rights-of-way and terminal facilities, including those of a public utility or governmental agency, so long as the same are used and the use of any part thereof shall except from operation hereof the right to the entire use thereof.

Mid-Peninsula filed a cross-motion for partial summary judgment arguing that the subsection (5) exception did not apply to a right-of-way held in fee simple. The trial court agreed with Mid-Peninsula and entered summary judgment in its favor, relying on Florida Department of Transportation v. Dardashti Properties, 605 So.2d 120 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992). In doing so, the trial court rejected DOT’S argument that Clipper Bay Investments, LLC v. State, Department of Transportation, 117 So.3d 7 (Fla. 1st DCA 2013), should control the issue.4

The case then proceeded to trial on DOT’S alternative argument that section 712.03(3) prohibits marketable record title from extinguishing the “[rjights of any person in possession of the lands, so long as such person is in such possession.” The evidence presented at trial established that parcel 338 actually lies near the top of the bank of the canal and that DOT maintenance workers traverse in vehicles over parcel 338 in order to access the canal for purposes of maintaining both the canal and a nearby bridge. The evidence also reflected that DOT asked a company that had been storing sheds and recreational vehicles on the property to move the sheds and vehicles as the parcel belonged to DOT and DOT workers needed access to the canal. The trial court found that the evidence presented did not establish that DOT possessed parcel 338 as contemplated by the statute. Although the court noted that the statute did not define possession, the court determined that it meant “visible power, control[,] or occupancy.” The trial court ultimately entered its order quieting title in the parcel to Mid-Peninsula.

II. ANALYSIS

We review the trial court’s construction of the statute de novo. See Tubbs v. Mechanik Nuccio Hearne & Wester, P.A., 125 So.3d 1034, 1039 (Fla. 2d DCA 2013).

a. The exception to MRTA set forth in section 712.03(5) does not apply.

MRTA was created in order to simplify property transfers, clear titles, and establish certainty of ownership. See H & F Land v. Panama City-Bay Co. Airport & Indus. Dist., 736 So.2d 1167, 1171 (Fla.1999), receded from on different grounds by Blanton v. City of Pinellas Park, 887 So.2d 1224 (Fla.2004). To effectuate that purpose, section 712.02 permits the clearing of title to any property where the title has been recorded for at least thirty years and for which no statutory exception applies. Because the thirty-year period for establishing root of title in this case expired on February 5, 2004, DOT acknowledges that if no exception under section 712.03 applies, MRTA extinguishes its interest in parcel 338.

DOT argues that the exception set forth in section 712.03(5) for “[Recorded or unrecorded easements or rights, interest or servitude in the nature of easements, [and] rights-of-way” applies here. But nowhere in that section does it state [222]*222that rights in fee ownership or other estates are excepted from MRTA. The omission of such an exception within subsection (5) is particularly notable because exceptions applicable to estates and other fee ownership interests are provided in other subsections. See, e.g., § 712.03(1), (2), & (4). But the only reference within subsection (5) to an interest is an “interest ... in the nature of easements.” And an easement is not equivalent to a fee simple estate. “When- the legislature has used a term ... in one section of the statute but omits it in another section of the same statute, [this court] will not imply it where it has been excluded.” Leisure Resorts, Inc. v. Frank J. Rooney, Inc., 654 So.2d 911, 914 (Fla.1995).

■In concluding that the section 712.03(5) exception did not apply here, the trial court relied on Dardashti Properties wherein the Fourth District held that this statutory exception did not apply to property held in fee irrespective of whether it was used as a right-of-way. 605 So.2d at 122-23. Thus the Fourth District holds that it is the extent of a party’s claim of ownership in the property in question— rather than the use of the property — that is determinative of whether the subsection (5) exception applies.

In arguing that the trial court erred by relying on Dardashti Properties, DOT urges this court to broadly construe “rights-of-way” as did the courts in Clipper Bay and Water Control District of South Brevard v. Davidson, 638 So.2d 521 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994). Those decisions, in turn, were predicated on City of Jacksonville v. Horn,

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117 So. 3d 7 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2013)
Tubbs v. Mechanik Nuccio Hearne & Wester, P.A.
125 So. 3d 1034 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2013)
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Bluebook (online)
162 So. 3d 218, 2015 Fla. App. LEXIS 1947, 2015 WL 630201, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/department-of-transportation-v-mid-peninsula-realty-investment-group-llc-fladistctapp-2015.