Department of Housing Preservation & Development v. Cohen

128 Misc. 2d 351, 489 N.Y.S.2d 979, 1985 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 2910
CourtCivil Court of the City of New York
DecidedMay 9, 1985
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 128 Misc. 2d 351 (Department of Housing Preservation & Development v. Cohen) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Civil Court of the City of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Department of Housing Preservation & Development v. Cohen, 128 Misc. 2d 351, 489 N.Y.S.2d 979, 1985 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 2910 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 1985).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Lewis R. Friedman, J.

On April 19, 1985 a portion of a wall at the premises 341 Broome Street collapsed. The premises was a single-room occupancy (SRO) hotel. As a result of the collapse, the Department of Buildings (DOB) issued a peremptory vacate order pursuant to Administrative Code of the City of New York §§ 643a-1.0, 643a-13.0 and C26-80.0. Approximately 131 residents of the building were vacated and are now living in emergency housing provided by the Red Cross and other agencies.

[352]*352The DOB has issued a number of violations for the premises as a result of the conditions. The violations range from structural alterations without permits, to bulging and defective brickwork, to cracked, sagging and missing beams. The violations required shoring and bracing among other items. Apparently some shoring work has been done by the owners but the building remains in precarious condition which has required closing portions of Broome Street and the Bowery and the posting of police guards.

At about noon today, May 9, the Department of Housing Preservation and Development (DHPD) sought an ex parte access order and warrant pursuant to New York City Charter § 1803 and the Housing Maintenance Code (Administrative Code, ch 26, tit D). The documents annexed to the request alleged the existence of emergency conditions which warranted access to the premises for inspection and emergency repair. The papers also allege that the owners were notified of DHPD’s request for access and plan for emergency repairs two days ago. The court found the papers in compliance with Administrative Code § D26-53.06 and issued the requested orders and warrant.

By oral application the respondents Cohen and Rosso sought an ex parte stay or modification of the court’s prior orders. The court requested the presence of counsel for DHPD at a hearing which occurred from 4:30 to 6:30 p.m. In the interim counsel for 88 named residents of the premises arrived seeking an order to show cause to commence a proceeding to require the respondent owners to cure the underlying conditions at the premises and for other relief.

The owners’ primary arguments are: jurisdiction is vested with DOB not DHPD; the Building Code rather than the Housing Maintenance Code prevails; the Supreme Court, not this court, has jurisdiction; and repairs are prohibitively expensive in light of the value of the building and, in any event, are impractical.

There is no doubt that under the Building Code (Administrative Code, ch 26, tit C) the provisions of article 8 (§ C26-80.0 et seq.) set forth an extensive set of rules and procedures for implementing DOB’s interests in dealing with unsafe buildings. DOB has appeared before this court, through the Corporation Counsel’s office, and has expressed its view that the Building Code is not exclusive in its treatment of dangerous buildings. The court’s reading of the complex provisions of the City Charter (§ 643) as well as Building Code article 8 finds that there is no language which would preclude another agency from applying the statutes to reach the same underlying condition. The cases [353]*353cited by the owners are not to the contrary. The rights of survey, hearing, and the like come into play when the DOB starts an unsafe building proceeding or when the city seeks to order the demolition of the buildings. (Cf. Paderefsky v Scala, 129 NYS2d 661 [Sup Ct, Kings County 1954].)

The legislative grant of power to DHPD rests on a different footing. The provisions of the Housing Maintenance Code at issue here do not deal with demolition or, necessarily, with forcing a landlord to make certain repairs. DHPD is given the right to make emergency repairs where “because of any violation of this title or other applicable law, any dwelling or part of its premises is dangerous to human life and safety or detrimental to health” (Administrative Code § D26-54.01 [a]). Despite the owner’s claims at the hearing, that language is clearly worded to include dangers to passersby or others, not merely to residents or occupants who are not even mentioned in the section.

There is nothing inherently wrong with two agencies of the city government having statutory authorizations for similar situations. Moreover, the court finds it difficult to conclude that the owners here should have standing to complain that the “wrong” agency is suing them. The choice of the city agencies between themselves as to which will proceed against an owner is an executive decision which is vested with agencies themselves and not with the target of their action. The court certainly is not authorized to make an executive decision as to which agency should defer to the other; this is particularly so, as here, where the agencies are in agreement with each other and are cooperating in the commencement of the instant proceeding.

The court’s conclusion that the Housing Maintenance Code may be invoked by DHPD removes the respondent’s objections to the Civil Court’s jurisdiction. While Supreme Court may be the appropriate forum for unsafe building proceedings (Administrative Code § C26-82.0), this court has jurisdiction to enforce the Housing Maintenance Code. (CCA 110.)

The precise nature of the relief sought limits the scope of judicial review here of DHPD’s actions. The order for inspection and access was brought under Administrative Code § D26-53.06. The conditions of that section were met and the respondents do not seriously challenge that. This court is authorized to provide access if “entry to such area is necessary for correction of a condition violating such [any State or local] law or regulation.” (§ D26-53.06 [a].) Accordingly, the court will adhere to its original decision to authorize access to the premises.

[354]*354The Emergency Repair Program (ERP), which authorized DHPD to “correct” dangerous conditions, is not premised on the existence of an outstanding court order or proceeding. That is, there is statutory authority for the DHPD to merely get the repairs done. In this regard this court notes the numerous persons who would freeze to death each winter if DHPD were not authorized to act to remedy dangerous or unhealthy conditions immediately. The statute authorizes immediate first-party action, i.e., repairs done by DHPD or its contractors, or owner action at DHPD order, or court-ordered DHPD repairs upon the owner’s failure to comply with DHPD’s order. The choice of which route to take is, according to the statute, at DHPD’s discretion. The court’s brief research in this matter has failed to disclose any reported case describing the ERP process of decision making and whether this court can or should exercise any control of the matter. No authority was referred to by counsel for any party at the hearing.

The court is troubled by the due process problems engendered by the “act first litigate later” aspects of DHPD’s statutory right to proceed to do repairs without court order or hearing. It should be noted that DHPD here did apparently comply with the provisions giving the owner the right to remedy the conditions before DHPD stepped in. That notification gave respondent an opportunity to have either commenced the work itself or to have commenced an action against DHPD to prevent it from doing the repairs itself. The availability of such a remedy at least provided the respondent with a prework court review. (See, Burtnieks v City of New York,

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Bluebook (online)
128 Misc. 2d 351, 489 N.Y.S.2d 979, 1985 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 2910, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/department-of-housing-preservation-development-v-cohen-nycivct-1985.