By the Court.
Lumpkin, J.
delivering the opinion.
In the year 1828, Raymond Demere made his will, by which, after certain specific legacies, he devised one moiety of the residue of his estate to ' Joseph Demere,' and the other moiety to Lewis, John and Paul Demere. The two moieties of the residue so devised, were delivered over to the residuary legatees, under an order of the Court, prior to the year 1834. In the year 1843, two of the specific legatees filed a bill in Equity against the executors, for their legacies. The complainant, Lewis Demere, was one of the executors. The executors answered this bill, (calling for an account and the admission of assets) and a general decree was rendered against them, establishing the fact, that the executors, at the time of the rendition of the decree, had in their hands a sufficiency of the assets of the testator to satisfy it, and directing them topay to complainants upwards of $4,000. An execution having issued on this decree, the same was paid by Lewis, John and Paul Demere, who now file their bill in Equity for contribution, against Mary R. Scranton and her trustees, who have succeeded to a portion of the estate left by Joseph Demere.
[46]*46To this bill the defendants filed a general demurrer, for want of equity, and alleged, at the hearing:
1st. That the payment made by the complainants, as residuary legatees, under fi.fa. against the executors, was voluntary; and the complainants not being compelled or legally bound to pay the same, cannot ask for contribution.
2d. That the decree had on the original bill in Equity, binds the executors to pay the amount in said decree mentioned; and it is not alleged in the bill filed for contribution, that the executors are insolvent or unable to pay the decree.
3d. That the pleadings and decree in the original cause, show assets in the hands of the executors; and such assets were, and ¡are, liable for the payment of the original decree.
•4th. That a legatee who has received his legacy, is never liable to refund, for the payment of other legacies, unless the assets were originally inadequate to pay all the legacies, and there has been no waste by the executor; and no such facts as these are stated in the present bill.
5th, That Lewis Demere, having only paid an execution against himself, has no interest whatever in this bill for contribution ; and his want of interest is fátal to the whole suit.
Upon the hearing of the demurrer, the defendants’ solicitors, in their arguments, referred to the original bill in Equity of the legatees which (in the present bill) was not attached as an exhibit — the decree only, oeing attached — but referred to in the fob lowing words : “ as will more fully and at large appear, reference being had to the proceedings in said cause, of record in said Superior Court.” Solicitors for the complainants objected to said reference; contending that the original bill of thelegatees, although so referred to in their bill, formed no part of it, for the purposes of the demurrer.
The Court overruled the objection of the complainants’ solicitors. The argument proceeded and the Court sustained the de murrer and dismissed the bill; and it is upon this statement of facts the complainants except and bring this writ of error.
[1.] Either the original bill and proceedings thereon, were a part of the present bill, or they were not. If they were, it does not lie in the mouth of the complainants to object to their use by the Court and counsel, on the argument of the demurrer. If they were not, it is evident that the bill could not have proceeded to a [47]*47hearing without them ; for the decree could not have been introduced in evidence on the trial, without the other proceedings. But for the understanding that the original bill, by the manner in which it was referred to, had become incorporated in the second bill and formed part of it, the second bill would have been demurred to, and justly, on account of this omission. We hold that by reciting portions of the first bill, and directing the Court, for further and full information, to the original bill and proceedings, the Court had a right to look to those proceedings, to ascertain if there was equity in complainants’ bill.
The 17th Rule of Equity Practice, requires copies of all deeds, writings and other exhibits, to be filed with the bill or answer; and declares, that no other exhibits shall be admitted, unless by order of the Court, for some special and good cause shown. 2 Kelly, 484. The practice, therefore, of referring to original records and papers of file in the Clerk’s office, is irregular and inadmissible under this rule. Complete copies of all the proceedings in the cause should be attached.
[2.] So far as the merits of the case are involved, we must say that we cannot view it in any other light than an attempt, on the part of the executor, to extricate himself from the consequences of his failure to make proper defence to the original bill, and to avoid the effect of the decree rendered against him by reason of that neglect.
It will not be denied, that if the complainants had paid the legacies due under the will of Raymond Demere, to Rose and John Demere, and which constituted a charge upon the whole estate of the testator, that they might have filed their bill against the representatives of Joseph Demere, for contribution; and had the executors, when sued for the specific legacies, pleaded plene aiministravit, and proven on the trial of the first bill,' that the property had all been distributed, and nothing retained by them to pay these legacies, the decree would have been so moulded as to have made Joseph Demere ultimately liable', at least for one moiety of the demand.
[3.] But unfortunately, perhaps, this was not only not done, but the omission can never be rectified. The record of the former recovery is, and ever must remain, conclusive against the executors, Lewis Demere and John Demere, that they have assets in their hands sufficient to meet the decree. Such is their admis[48]*48sion by the pleadings, and such was the verdict of the Jury; and yet, in the face of this finding, and of the judgment of this Court, that both complainants and defendants, as legatees, were absolved from all liability, except, perhaps, in the event of the insolvency of the executors, these complainants go forward, voluntarily, and satisfy the decree rendered against the executors, and now invoke the aid of a Court of Equity to compel the heirs of Joseph Demere to acoount with, and refund to them, the one half of what they have paid, under these circumstances !
This very execution, which these complainants allege they have paid, was levied on the property of Joseph Demere, in the hands of Alexander Scranton, as the property of the estate of Raymond Demere, when it was solemnly adjudicated by this Court, upon writ of error, that it should be collected out of the assets in the hands of the executors, and not out of that portion of the testator’s estate which had been distributed to Joseph Demere : (6 Geo. Rep.
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By the Court.
Lumpkin, J.
delivering the opinion.
In the year 1828, Raymond Demere made his will, by which, after certain specific legacies, he devised one moiety of the residue of his estate to ' Joseph Demere,' and the other moiety to Lewis, John and Paul Demere. The two moieties of the residue so devised, were delivered over to the residuary legatees, under an order of the Court, prior to the year 1834. In the year 1843, two of the specific legatees filed a bill in Equity against the executors, for their legacies. The complainant, Lewis Demere, was one of the executors. The executors answered this bill, (calling for an account and the admission of assets) and a general decree was rendered against them, establishing the fact, that the executors, at the time of the rendition of the decree, had in their hands a sufficiency of the assets of the testator to satisfy it, and directing them topay to complainants upwards of $4,000. An execution having issued on this decree, the same was paid by Lewis, John and Paul Demere, who now file their bill in Equity for contribution, against Mary R. Scranton and her trustees, who have succeeded to a portion of the estate left by Joseph Demere.
[46]*46To this bill the defendants filed a general demurrer, for want of equity, and alleged, at the hearing:
1st. That the payment made by the complainants, as residuary legatees, under fi.fa. against the executors, was voluntary; and the complainants not being compelled or legally bound to pay the same, cannot ask for contribution.
2d. That the decree had on the original bill in Equity, binds the executors to pay the amount in said decree mentioned; and it is not alleged in the bill filed for contribution, that the executors are insolvent or unable to pay the decree.
3d. That the pleadings and decree in the original cause, show assets in the hands of the executors; and such assets were, and ¡are, liable for the payment of the original decree.
•4th. That a legatee who has received his legacy, is never liable to refund, for the payment of other legacies, unless the assets were originally inadequate to pay all the legacies, and there has been no waste by the executor; and no such facts as these are stated in the present bill.
5th, That Lewis Demere, having only paid an execution against himself, has no interest whatever in this bill for contribution ; and his want of interest is fátal to the whole suit.
Upon the hearing of the demurrer, the defendants’ solicitors, in their arguments, referred to the original bill in Equity of the legatees which (in the present bill) was not attached as an exhibit — the decree only, oeing attached — but referred to in the fob lowing words : “ as will more fully and at large appear, reference being had to the proceedings in said cause, of record in said Superior Court.” Solicitors for the complainants objected to said reference; contending that the original bill of thelegatees, although so referred to in their bill, formed no part of it, for the purposes of the demurrer.
The Court overruled the objection of the complainants’ solicitors. The argument proceeded and the Court sustained the de murrer and dismissed the bill; and it is upon this statement of facts the complainants except and bring this writ of error.
[1.] Either the original bill and proceedings thereon, were a part of the present bill, or they were not. If they were, it does not lie in the mouth of the complainants to object to their use by the Court and counsel, on the argument of the demurrer. If they were not, it is evident that the bill could not have proceeded to a [47]*47hearing without them ; for the decree could not have been introduced in evidence on the trial, without the other proceedings. But for the understanding that the original bill, by the manner in which it was referred to, had become incorporated in the second bill and formed part of it, the second bill would have been demurred to, and justly, on account of this omission. We hold that by reciting portions of the first bill, and directing the Court, for further and full information, to the original bill and proceedings, the Court had a right to look to those proceedings, to ascertain if there was equity in complainants’ bill.
The 17th Rule of Equity Practice, requires copies of all deeds, writings and other exhibits, to be filed with the bill or answer; and declares, that no other exhibits shall be admitted, unless by order of the Court, for some special and good cause shown. 2 Kelly, 484. The practice, therefore, of referring to original records and papers of file in the Clerk’s office, is irregular and inadmissible under this rule. Complete copies of all the proceedings in the cause should be attached.
[2.] So far as the merits of the case are involved, we must say that we cannot view it in any other light than an attempt, on the part of the executor, to extricate himself from the consequences of his failure to make proper defence to the original bill, and to avoid the effect of the decree rendered against him by reason of that neglect.
It will not be denied, that if the complainants had paid the legacies due under the will of Raymond Demere, to Rose and John Demere, and which constituted a charge upon the whole estate of the testator, that they might have filed their bill against the representatives of Joseph Demere, for contribution; and had the executors, when sued for the specific legacies, pleaded plene aiministravit, and proven on the trial of the first bill,' that the property had all been distributed, and nothing retained by them to pay these legacies, the decree would have been so moulded as to have made Joseph Demere ultimately liable', at least for one moiety of the demand.
[3.] But unfortunately, perhaps, this was not only not done, but the omission can never be rectified. The record of the former recovery is, and ever must remain, conclusive against the executors, Lewis Demere and John Demere, that they have assets in their hands sufficient to meet the decree. Such is their admis[48]*48sion by the pleadings, and such was the verdict of the Jury; and yet, in the face of this finding, and of the judgment of this Court, that both complainants and defendants, as legatees, were absolved from all liability, except, perhaps, in the event of the insolvency of the executors, these complainants go forward, voluntarily, and satisfy the decree rendered against the executors, and now invoke the aid of a Court of Equity to compel the heirs of Joseph Demere to acoount with, and refund to them, the one half of what they have paid, under these circumstances !
This very execution, which these complainants allege they have paid, was levied on the property of Joseph Demere, in the hands of Alexander Scranton, as the property of the estate of Raymond Demere, when it was solemnly adjudicated by this Court, upon writ of error, that it should be collected out of the assets in the hands of the executors, and not out of that portion of the testator’s estate which had been distributed to Joseph Demere : (6 Geo. Rep. 102.) If, then, this debt could not be enforced against the legatees, how can its payment be claimed as the discharge of a common or joint liability, or the removal of a common burden or incumbrance 1 If Rose and John Demere could not enforce this decree against the property apportioned off to Joseph Demere, at any rate until they had prosecuted the executors to insolvency, how can the present complainants; by voluntarily paying this demand, and for which they were not responsible, be in any other or better condition 1
[4.] I repeat then, that by the admission of assets by the executors, sufficient to pay these specific legacies, they have made themselves primarily liable for the decree ; and, if solvent, they must ha first looked to, at least, for payment. Josejth Demere has only received what he was entitled to, under the will of Raymond Demere; nor can he, or his representatives, be called on to refund, until all the other assets are exhausted, and the executors prosecuted, personally, to insolvency.
[5.] And even then, we apprehend, the residuary legatee would be protected, unless there was an original deficiency of assets, so as to make the payment of his legacy amount to a devastavit ; for, if the executors had enough, at first, to pay all the legacies, and afterwards, by wasting the assets, occasion a deficiency, in such case, the legatee who had received his legacy, would not be compelled to refund. He would only be forced to [49]*49refund where he had received more than his share. Ward on Legacies, 198. Toller on Executors, 341. 1 P. Wms. 495. 2 Pro. Ch. R. 306.
Indeed, a more hopeless case for relief, could hardly be presented. For one of these complainants, (Lewis Demere,) is also one of the executors, who admitted assets in his hands sufficient to pay this debt, subsequent to the alleged distribution to the other legatees. He has only discharged, therefore, a personal liability and indebtedness. He might have a right to go against his co-executor for distribution, He certainly has none against these defendants.
It only remains to) add, that we affirm, with great pleasure, this last sound judgment which, probably, it will ever be our privilege to review, of the very able Judge who pronounced it..