DEMECHIE PETERSON * NO. 2021-CA-0365
VERSUS * COURT OF APPEAL VICTOR C. ROCHON, USAA * INSURANCE COMPANY, FOURTH CIRCUIT DANIELLE LITTLE AND * STATE FARM MUTUAL STATE OF LOUISIANA INSURANCE COMPANY *******
APPEAL FROM FIRST CITY COURT OF NEW ORLEANS NO. 2018-05851-F, SECTION “B” Honorable Marissa A. Hutabarat, ****** Judge Joy Cossich Lobrano ****** (Court composed of Judge Daniel L. Dysart, Judge Joy Cossich Lobrano, Judge Dale N. Atkins)
Rudy Willie Gorrell, Jr. 1215 Prytania Street, Suite 223 New Orleans, LA 70130
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT
Michele Trowbridge Barreca Matthew E. Simmons PORTEOUS HAINKEL & JOHNSON, L.L.P. 704 Carondelet Street New Orleans, LA 70130
Peter J. Wanek Lindsay G. Faulkner Michael L. Ballero WANEK KIRSCH DAVIES 1340 Poydras Street, Suite 2000 New Orleans, LA 70112
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLEES
JUDGMENT VACATED; REMANDED
DECEMBER 1, 2021 JCL This is an appeal of a judgment of the First City Court of the City of New DLD DNA Orleans (“First City Court”) dismissing plaintiff/appellant’s claims based on his A failure to appear in court on the day of trial. For the following reasons, we vacate
and remand.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
This suit arises from an accident, which occurred on April 22, 2018. The
plaintiff, Demechie Peterson (“Plaintiff”), alleges he sustained injuries when the
vehicle, which he was driving, was rear-ended by the vehicle operated by Danielle
Little (“Little”) after the Little vehicle had been rear-ended by the vehicle operated
by Victoria Rochon1 (“Rochon”). Plaintiff filed a personal injury suit in First City
Court relative to the accident, naming as defendants: Little; State Farm Mutual
Insurance Company (“State Farm”), as the liability insurer of Little; Rochon; and
USAA Insurance Company, as the liability insurer of Rochon. State Farm and
Little each filed an answer, and Garrison Property and Casualty Insurance
Company (“Garrison”) filed an answer as the liability insurer of Rochon.2
1 We note that the caption of the Petition lists “Victor C. Rochon” as a defendant, while the text of the petition names “Victoria Rochon” as a defendant. 2 The record does not reflect that service of the Petition was made on Rochon.
1 On August 30, 2019, Garrison moved to set the case for trial. The trial court
set the case for trial on March 23, 2020. On February 28, 2020, Garrison filed a
consent motion to continue trial and set a status conference for the purpose of
selecting a new trial date. The trial court continued the March 23, 2020 trial date
and set the matter for a status conference on May 6, 2020 in order for the parties to
select a new trial date. The May 6, 2020 status conference did not go forward, as
the court was closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On June 26, 2020, Garrison
filed a motion to reset status conference, and by order issued on June 29, 2020, the
trial court set a telephone status conference on July 28, 2020 for the purpose of
selecting a trial date. At the conference conducted by telephone on July 28, 2020,
trial was set for November 4, 2020.
Plaintiff failed to appear for trial on November 4, 2020. His attorney
explained he was unable to attend trial because he was incarcerated. After a
discussion was conducted in chambers regarding Plaintiff’s absence, State Farm
and Little moved for involuntary dismissal with prejudice under La. C.C.P. art.
1672 based on Plaintiff’s failure to appear for trial.
In support of the motion for involuntary dismissal, State Farm and Little
argued that Plaintiff’s incarceration was discussed at the July 28, 2020 status
conference when the November 4, 2020 trial date was selected and that the parties
were aware that Plaintiff would likely remain incarcerated on the trial date. They
explained that Plaintiff had pled guilty to “multiple felonies” in Jefferson Parish on
March 5, 2020, resulting in a five year sentence without parole. State Farm and
Little introduced as Exhibit “A” a certified copy of a minute entry from the 24th
Judicial District Court for the Parish of Jefferson dated March 5, 2020, which
reflected that Plaintiff pled guilty on that date to possession of a firearm by a
2 convicted felon and simple escape and was sentenced on the weapons count to five
years without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence and on the
simple escape count to two years, with the sentences to be served consecutively.
Finally, State Farm and Little argued that Plaintiff’s counsel failed to secure
Plaintiff’s appearance at trial by writ of habeas corpus ad testificandum and further
failed to file a written motion to continue the trial, as required by the court rules of
First City Court.3 Garrison likewise moved for involuntary dismissal based on
Plaintiff’s failure to appear in court for trial.
Plaintiff’s counsel responded that he could not prepare a writ of habeas
corpus due to the power outage caused by Hurricane Zeta, which made landfall on
the Louisiana coast on October 28, 2020, seven days prior to the trial date. He then
orally moved for a continuance.
The trial court granted the motion for involuntary dismissal, dismissed
Plaintiff’s claims with prejudice, and assessed Plaintiff with costs and reasonable
attorney’s fees. State Farm and Little submitted a judgment with the amounts of
costs and attorney’s fees left blank, which the trial judge signed. The judge
instructed defense counsel to submit a breakdown of the costs and fees incurred,
and upon receipt of this information, the judge filled in the judgment with the
amounts of costs and attorney’s fees awarded.
Plaintiff filed a motion for new trial on December 15, 2020. The motion for
new trial asserted that the trial court erred in granting the motion for involuntary
dismissal. At the close of the hearing conducted on March 23, 2021, the trial court
3 Rule 15 of the Rules of First City Court provides in pertinent part: “If counsel is unable, for any reason, to try the case on the day fixed, he SHALL notify opposing counsel AND file a written motion for continuance giving his reasons for being unable to try said case, and present it to the Judge for his signature.” (Emphasis in original).
3 denied the motion for new trial. Plaintiff now appeals the judgments dismissing his
claims and denying his motion for new trial.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
Plaintiff asserts that the trial court erred by (1) granting defendants’ motion
for involuntary dismissal, (2) awarding defendants attorney’s fees without
conducting a traversal hearing, and (3) denying Plaintiff’s motion for new trial to
set aside the involuntary dismissal.
STANDARD OF REVIIEW
A decision to grant an involuntary dismissal is subject to the manifest
error and abuse of discretion standard of review. Brooks v. Tradesmen Int’l, Inc.,
03-1871, p. 3 (La. App. 4 Cir. 9/1/04), 883 So.2d 444, 446.
DISCUSSION
Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 1672(A)(1) provides that “[a]
judgment dismissing an action shall be rendered upon application of any party,
when the plaintiff fails to appear on the day set for trial.” When a plaintiff does fail
to appear for trial, the court must determine whether the dismissal is to be with or
without prejudice. La. C.C.P. art. 1672(A)(1); England v. Baird, 99-2093, p. 4 (La.
App. 1 Cir. 11/3/00), 772 So.2d 905, 907. However, a dismissal for failure to
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DEMECHIE PETERSON * NO. 2021-CA-0365
VERSUS * COURT OF APPEAL VICTOR C. ROCHON, USAA * INSURANCE COMPANY, FOURTH CIRCUIT DANIELLE LITTLE AND * STATE FARM MUTUAL STATE OF LOUISIANA INSURANCE COMPANY *******
APPEAL FROM FIRST CITY COURT OF NEW ORLEANS NO. 2018-05851-F, SECTION “B” Honorable Marissa A. Hutabarat, ****** Judge Joy Cossich Lobrano ****** (Court composed of Judge Daniel L. Dysart, Judge Joy Cossich Lobrano, Judge Dale N. Atkins)
Rudy Willie Gorrell, Jr. 1215 Prytania Street, Suite 223 New Orleans, LA 70130
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT
Michele Trowbridge Barreca Matthew E. Simmons PORTEOUS HAINKEL & JOHNSON, L.L.P. 704 Carondelet Street New Orleans, LA 70130
Peter J. Wanek Lindsay G. Faulkner Michael L. Ballero WANEK KIRSCH DAVIES 1340 Poydras Street, Suite 2000 New Orleans, LA 70112
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLEES
JUDGMENT VACATED; REMANDED
DECEMBER 1, 2021 JCL This is an appeal of a judgment of the First City Court of the City of New DLD DNA Orleans (“First City Court”) dismissing plaintiff/appellant’s claims based on his A failure to appear in court on the day of trial. For the following reasons, we vacate
and remand.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
This suit arises from an accident, which occurred on April 22, 2018. The
plaintiff, Demechie Peterson (“Plaintiff”), alleges he sustained injuries when the
vehicle, which he was driving, was rear-ended by the vehicle operated by Danielle
Little (“Little”) after the Little vehicle had been rear-ended by the vehicle operated
by Victoria Rochon1 (“Rochon”). Plaintiff filed a personal injury suit in First City
Court relative to the accident, naming as defendants: Little; State Farm Mutual
Insurance Company (“State Farm”), as the liability insurer of Little; Rochon; and
USAA Insurance Company, as the liability insurer of Rochon. State Farm and
Little each filed an answer, and Garrison Property and Casualty Insurance
Company (“Garrison”) filed an answer as the liability insurer of Rochon.2
1 We note that the caption of the Petition lists “Victor C. Rochon” as a defendant, while the text of the petition names “Victoria Rochon” as a defendant. 2 The record does not reflect that service of the Petition was made on Rochon.
1 On August 30, 2019, Garrison moved to set the case for trial. The trial court
set the case for trial on March 23, 2020. On February 28, 2020, Garrison filed a
consent motion to continue trial and set a status conference for the purpose of
selecting a new trial date. The trial court continued the March 23, 2020 trial date
and set the matter for a status conference on May 6, 2020 in order for the parties to
select a new trial date. The May 6, 2020 status conference did not go forward, as
the court was closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On June 26, 2020, Garrison
filed a motion to reset status conference, and by order issued on June 29, 2020, the
trial court set a telephone status conference on July 28, 2020 for the purpose of
selecting a trial date. At the conference conducted by telephone on July 28, 2020,
trial was set for November 4, 2020.
Plaintiff failed to appear for trial on November 4, 2020. His attorney
explained he was unable to attend trial because he was incarcerated. After a
discussion was conducted in chambers regarding Plaintiff’s absence, State Farm
and Little moved for involuntary dismissal with prejudice under La. C.C.P. art.
1672 based on Plaintiff’s failure to appear for trial.
In support of the motion for involuntary dismissal, State Farm and Little
argued that Plaintiff’s incarceration was discussed at the July 28, 2020 status
conference when the November 4, 2020 trial date was selected and that the parties
were aware that Plaintiff would likely remain incarcerated on the trial date. They
explained that Plaintiff had pled guilty to “multiple felonies” in Jefferson Parish on
March 5, 2020, resulting in a five year sentence without parole. State Farm and
Little introduced as Exhibit “A” a certified copy of a minute entry from the 24th
Judicial District Court for the Parish of Jefferson dated March 5, 2020, which
reflected that Plaintiff pled guilty on that date to possession of a firearm by a
2 convicted felon and simple escape and was sentenced on the weapons count to five
years without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence and on the
simple escape count to two years, with the sentences to be served consecutively.
Finally, State Farm and Little argued that Plaintiff’s counsel failed to secure
Plaintiff’s appearance at trial by writ of habeas corpus ad testificandum and further
failed to file a written motion to continue the trial, as required by the court rules of
First City Court.3 Garrison likewise moved for involuntary dismissal based on
Plaintiff’s failure to appear in court for trial.
Plaintiff’s counsel responded that he could not prepare a writ of habeas
corpus due to the power outage caused by Hurricane Zeta, which made landfall on
the Louisiana coast on October 28, 2020, seven days prior to the trial date. He then
orally moved for a continuance.
The trial court granted the motion for involuntary dismissal, dismissed
Plaintiff’s claims with prejudice, and assessed Plaintiff with costs and reasonable
attorney’s fees. State Farm and Little submitted a judgment with the amounts of
costs and attorney’s fees left blank, which the trial judge signed. The judge
instructed defense counsel to submit a breakdown of the costs and fees incurred,
and upon receipt of this information, the judge filled in the judgment with the
amounts of costs and attorney’s fees awarded.
Plaintiff filed a motion for new trial on December 15, 2020. The motion for
new trial asserted that the trial court erred in granting the motion for involuntary
dismissal. At the close of the hearing conducted on March 23, 2021, the trial court
3 Rule 15 of the Rules of First City Court provides in pertinent part: “If counsel is unable, for any reason, to try the case on the day fixed, he SHALL notify opposing counsel AND file a written motion for continuance giving his reasons for being unable to try said case, and present it to the Judge for his signature.” (Emphasis in original).
3 denied the motion for new trial. Plaintiff now appeals the judgments dismissing his
claims and denying his motion for new trial.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
Plaintiff asserts that the trial court erred by (1) granting defendants’ motion
for involuntary dismissal, (2) awarding defendants attorney’s fees without
conducting a traversal hearing, and (3) denying Plaintiff’s motion for new trial to
set aside the involuntary dismissal.
STANDARD OF REVIIEW
A decision to grant an involuntary dismissal is subject to the manifest
error and abuse of discretion standard of review. Brooks v. Tradesmen Int’l, Inc.,
03-1871, p. 3 (La. App. 4 Cir. 9/1/04), 883 So.2d 444, 446.
DISCUSSION
Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 1672(A)(1) provides that “[a]
judgment dismissing an action shall be rendered upon application of any party,
when the plaintiff fails to appear on the day set for trial.” When a plaintiff does fail
to appear for trial, the court must determine whether the dismissal is to be with or
without prejudice. La. C.C.P. art. 1672(A)(1); England v. Baird, 99-2093, p. 4 (La.
App. 1 Cir. 11/3/00), 772 So.2d 905, 907. However, a dismissal for failure to
appear is a harsh remedy and the court must also consider a broad range of less
severe alternatives prior to deciding on dismissal. England, 99-2093, p. 5, 72 So.2d
at 908. An important consideration before dismissal of a claim is “whether the
misconduct was by the attorney or the client, or both.” Zavala v. St. Joe Brick
Works, Inc., 04-0065, p. 3 (La. App. 1 Cir. 12/17/04), 897 So.2d 703, 705 (quoting
Benware v. Means, 99-1410, p. 9 (La. 1/19/00), 752 So.2d 841, 847). If the record
does not contain evidence of a plaintiff’s act of “willfulness, bad faith, or fault,” a
4 single failure of a plaintiff to appear may not be sufficient support for a dismissal
of the plaintiff’s claim, with prejudice. Zavala, 04-0065, pp. 3-4, 897 So.2d at 705
(quoting In re Med. Review Panel, 99-2088, p. 8 (La. App. 1 Cir. 12/22/00), 775
So.2d 1214, 1218).
Moreover, the jurisprudence holds that a party represented by counsel at a
proceeding before the court is not considered absent. See La. C.C.P. art. 1672,
comment (g); Spencer v. Children’s Hosp., 432 So.2d 823, 824 (La. 1983);
Dickens v. Commercial Union Ins. Co., 99-0698, p. 3 (La. App. 1 Cir. 6/23/00),
762 So.2d 1193, 1196; Kelly v. Kelly, 11-1932, p. 4 (La. App. 1 Cir. 6/13/12), 94
So.3d 179, 181. “The presence of the plaintiff in court is not essential in all cases.”
Kelly, 11-1932, p. 4, 94 So.3d at 182 (citing Spencer, 432 So.2d at 824). Implicit in
the requirement stated in La. C.C.P. art. 1672, that plaintiff appear for trial, is that
plaintiff be prepared and able to proceed with his case. Boyd v. Doe, unpub., 14-
1748, p. 11 (La. App. 1 Cir. 9/18/15), 2015 WL 5514973, *6. Thus, the mere
appearance of plaintiff’s counsel without witnesses and obviously unable to
proceed in the event of denial of a request for continuance does not preclude
dismissal of the action. U.S. Mach. & Equip. Co. v. Kerschner Air Conditioning &
Heating Co., 342 So.2d 1278, 1281 (La. App. 4th Cir. 1977); Hebert v. C.F. Bean
Corp., 00-1029, p. 4 (La. App. 4 Cir. 4/25/01), 785 So.2d 1029, 1031; Brower v.
Quick Serv. Body Shop, 377 So.2d 878, 879 (La. App. 4th Cir. 1979).
From our review of the record herein, we find that dismissal of Plaintiff’s
action does not appear warranted. Plaintiff was not absent, since his appearance
was made through his counsel. Moreover, the trial court failed to inquire as to
Plaintiff’s counsel’s readiness to proceed with the trial despite Plaintiff’s absence.
We note that the record indicates that both defendant drivers, Little and Rochon,
5 were present in court on the day of trial. The trial court also failed to consider other
less severe alternatives, such as a contempt of court charge, or a dismissal without
prejudice. Importantly, there is no evidence to support a finding that Plaintiff’s
failure to appear at trial was an act of “willfulness, bad faith, or fault” sufficient to
justify a dismissal of his action with prejudice. Additionally, it appears from the
record that no prior continuances had been requested by Plaintiff. Under these
circumstances, we find that the dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims, with prejudice, was
an abuse of discretion. Based on this conclusion, we pretermit discussion of the
remaining assignments of error.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons assigned herein, the judgment of First City Court granting
the involuntary dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims with prejudice is vacated, and the
matter is remanded for further proceedings.