Defoe v. Lesley

18 V.I. 307, 1981 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 9368
CourtDistrict Court, Virgin Islands
DecidedJanuary 27, 1981
DocketCivil No. 1980/34
StatusPublished

This text of 18 V.I. 307 (Defoe v. Lesley) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, Virgin Islands primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Defoe v. Lesley, 18 V.I. 307, 1981 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 9368 (vid 1981).

Opinion

CHRISTIAN, Chief Judge

OPINION

This case is before us on appeal from a judgment of the Territorial Court of the Virgin Islands.

On July 11, 1978, plaintiff Phillip Defoe filed a complaint seeking damages for injuries suffered when he was attacked with a cutlass by the defendant, Herman Lesley. The altercation grew out of a game of dominoes. Defendant was personally served with process on September 14,1978. Defendant relates the sad tale in his affidavit of having visited several attorneys, ending up at the Frederiksted office of Legal Services. At the latter office the attorney whom the defendant tried to contact was off-island. At this point Mr. Lesley evidently gave up on the legal fraternity, and never filed an answer. He claims to have been of the belief that the court would notify him when the case was to be heard.

A default judgment was entered against Mr. Lesley on March 22, 1979, for $3,750.00 plus costs and $400.00 attorney’s fees. On August 14,1979, a writ of execution issued on the judgment. After receiving the writ, Mr. Lesley was, at last, successful in obtaining counsel. On September 12, 1979, nearly a year after the service of process upon him in the case, defendant filed a motion to set aside the entry of default judgment and to recall the writ of execution.

In an order dated November 6, 1979, the trial court vacated the default judgment on condition that defendant post a bond in the full amount of the judgment plus costs and attorney’s fees. Defendant’s motion for reconsideration of the requirement of the bond was denied. This appeal followed.

The question before this court is whether the Territorial Court abused its discretion in exacting a bond for the entire amount of the judgment and costs as a prerequisite to vacating the default judgment. For the reasons stated below, we remand the case to the court [309]*309below for a determination of whether, in this particular situation and for this particular defendant, the amount of security required was improper as an “impossible” condition to the reopening of the default judgment.

Under Rule 55(c) Fed. R. Civ. P. the court may for good cause shown set aside a default judgment in accordance with Rule 60(b) Fed. R. Civ. P. That rule provides for relief “upon such terms as are just.” The terms in the case before us appear to be unduly onerous for this particular defendant. Mr. Lesley’s affidavit states that he earned $150 per week take-home pay in November 1979 while supporting a wife and four children. He has no bank account, nor assets other than a 1971 Plymouth automobile. His statement that he is unable to post security of over $4,000 is believable.

Thorpe v. Thorpe, 364 F.2d 692 (C.A.D.C. 1966) discusses the question of the appropriate amount of security for a court to require in vacating a default judgment.

The condition most commonly imposed is that the defendant reimburse the plaintiff for costs — typically court costs and attorney’s fees — incurred because of the default. Appellee does not allege, nor is there any indication, that appellee suffered prejudice from appellant’s default over and above costs customarily incident to pressing a default judgment.
It may also be appropriate, in some cases, for the defendant to be required to post bond to secure the amount of the default judgment. 364 F.2d at 694.

Cf., also, Wokan v. Alladin International Inc., 485 F.2d 1232 (3d Cir. 1973) citing Thorpe.

In Thorpe, the District Court required the appellant to place in escrow not merely the amount of the default judgment, but rather the maximum amount demanded by appellee in her complaint. The Court of Appeals found that such an extraordinary condition must be accompanied' by supporting findings to show that it represents a reasonable exercise of discretion.

In the instant case appellee Defoe makes no claim of prejudice flowing from Lesley’s default over and above the incidental costs of the court action. Requiring the posting of security in the amount of the default judgment is not per se an extraordinary condition according to Thorpe. While the opinion in Thorpe implied that only in some cases would the entire amount of the default [310]*310judgment be appropriate as security, it offers no guidance as to what factors are significant in this decision.

Standing alone then, the amount of security required in this case is not impermissible. However, Mr. Lesley’s affidavit states that he is financially unable to post that amount of security, a situation similar to that presented in Thorpe where appellant alleged that “he does not have the cash to put up.” The court wrote:

If appellant’s claim that he simply is unable to comply with the conditions imposed is true, serious questions are raised, question having an aura of denial of due process of law. See Societe Internationale, etc. v. Rogers, 357 U.S. 197, 209-10, 78 S.Ct. 1087, 2 L.Ed.2d 1255 (1958), where the Supreme Court stated, in another context, that imposition of an “impossible” condition of a litigant’s right to a trial on the merits raises constitutional difficulties. 364 F.2d at 695.

Justice Harlan’s language in Boddie v. Connecticut, 401 U.S. 371, 91 S.Ct. 780, 28 L.Ed.2d 113 (1971) applies here:

Our cases further establish that a statute or a rule may be held constitutionally invalid as applied when it operates to deprive an individual of a protected right although its general validity as a measure enacted in the legitimate exercise of state power is beyond question. Thus, in cases involving religious freedom, free speech or assembly, this Court has often held that a valid statute was unconstitutionally applied in particular circumstances because it interfered with an individual’s exercise of those rights.
No less than these rights, the right to a meaningful opportunity to be heard within the limits of practicality, must be protected against denial by particular laws that operate to jeopardize it for particular individuals. See Mullane v. Central Hanover Tr. Co., 339 U.S. 306 (1950); Covey v. Town of Somers, 351 U.S. 141 (1956)....
Just as a generally valid notice procedure may fail to satisfy due process because of the circumstances of the defendant, so too a cost requirement, valid on its face, may offend due process because it operates to foreclose a particular party’s opportunity to be heard. The State’s obligations under the Fourteenth Amendment are not simply generalized ones; rather, the State owes to each individual that process which, in light of the values of a free society, can be characterized as due. 401 U.S. at 379-80.

[311]*311The cost requirement imposed by the Territorial Court may have effectively foreclosed Lesley’s opportunity to be heard on the merits of this case.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co.
339 U.S. 306 (Supreme Court, 1950)
Covey v. Town of Somers
351 U.S. 141 (Supreme Court, 1956)
Boddie v. Connecticut
401 U.S. 371 (Supreme Court, 1971)
Robert C. Thorpe v. Bessie P. Thorpe
364 F.2d 692 (D.C. Circuit, 1966)
Meyer v. Lavelle
64 F.R.D. 533 (E.D. Pennsylvania, 1974)
Spica v. Garczynski
78 F.R.D. 134 (E.D. Pennsylvania, 1978)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
18 V.I. 307, 1981 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 9368, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/defoe-v-lesley-vid-1981.