DeBrabant v. Roadway Express, Inc.

138 Mich. App. 286
CourtMichigan Court of Appeals
DecidedOctober 15, 1984
DocketDocket No. 70754
StatusPublished

This text of 138 Mich. App. 286 (DeBrabant v. Roadway Express, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Michigan Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
DeBrabant v. Roadway Express, Inc., 138 Mich. App. 286 (Mich. Ct. App. 1984).

Opinions

Shepherd, P.J.

Plaintiff appeals as of right from a judgment of no cause of action on her claim that she was discriminatorily discharged by defendants from her employment on the basis of marital status, contrary to the Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act, MCL 37.2202(1); MSA 3.548(202X1), which prohibits employment discrimination based on marital status. Sitting without a jury, the trial judge found that plaintiff failed to meet her burden of proving that defendants applied their antinepotism rule to her in a discriminatory manner. We hold that the no-spouse portion of defendant Roadway’s antinepotism rule is presumptively invalid and we remand for a new trial at which Roadway will have the burden of establishing that the application of the rule to plaintiff is reasonably necessary to the operation of its business.

Plaintiff began working for Roadway Express, [289]*289Inc., in 1972 in a clerical position. In 1973, she began living with Art DeBrabant, who was then a part-time driver for Roadway. In 1977, he became a full-time employee of Roadway. On August 10, 1978, plaintiff and DeBrabant were married. Paul Bresette, who was then the terminal manager in Pontiac where plaintiff and her husband worked, knew of the marriage.

Gordon May became terminal manager in July of 1979. On October 1, 1979, Mr. May informed plaintiff that she was being laid off because of her marriage. Until that day, she had never heard of Roadway’s antinepotism policy. When she later spoke with Paul Bresette, he informed her that he had known about the rule and had placed his job in jeopardy by not enforcing it. Plaintiff was notified on May 17, 1980, that she could return to work on the condition that her husband resign his position as a driver. Plaintiff did not return to work at Roadway.

Clifton Jack Lewis became a driver for Roadway in 1976. Although his two sisters were married to two other Roadway drivers, he was instructed by then terminal manager Ed Rieke to state on the employment application that he had no relatives working at Roadway. He was not aware of any other sets of relatives employed by Roadway.

Francis Cahill, a district manager for Roadway, explained the antinepotism rule. First formulated in 1958, the rule forbade the hiring of office employees who were related by blood or marriage to any other employee in the same location. Thus, the rule forbade relationships between two office employees or between an office employee and a dock employee, but allowed relationships between two dock employees. In 1976, the rule was expanded to include relationships between dock employees and, in 1979, the rule was further ex[290]*290panded to encompass an entire district rather than just one location. The rule was always enforced prospectively only.

When Cahill learned of the marriage of plaintiff and her husband, he told Paul Bresette to discharge one of them. Bresette was insubordinate and did not do as instructed. When Gordon May took over as terminal manager, Cahill told him that the DeBrabant situation was one of the things he would have to resolve. Before Mr. May had dealt with the situation, he was instructed that, for economic reasons, one office employee at the Pontiac terminal had to be laid off. He chose plaintiff. Cahill further testified that although there were two brothers employed by defendant Roadway in the same division, they began working there before the antinepotism rule was expanded.

When Gordon May became terminal manager in Pontiac, he did not take immediate action. When an economic layoff became necessary, he chose plaintiff because the supervisors were exempt from the overtime provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act and plaintiff’s duties could be taken over by one of the supervisors. May called plaintiff and her husband into his office because he wanted to tell them that when plaintiff was recalled they would have to decide which one of them would remain employed by Roadway. When the supervisor who took over plaintiffs duties was fired, it was possible to recall plaintiff. She chose not to return.

Mr. May personally never made an exception to the rule. He related several instances where people were turned down for employment because they had relatives working for Roadway. He also stated that the rule did not apply to the situation of Jack Lewis because he and his two brothers-in-law were not direct in-laws, in that they had [291]*291married three sisters. He was unable to give any information about another alleged relative-employee, Kathy Helms, other than that she was a part-time employee in 1972 and 1973.

The trial judge found no violation of the Elliott-Larsen act. He further concluded that defendants were in no way estopped from enforcing their policy by Paul Bresette’s failure to apply it from the outset. Plaintiff did not challenge the legality of the antinepotism rule, per se, in the trial court.

Plaintiff raises three issues. First, she argues that the trial judge erred in finding that defendant Roadway did not apply its policy in a discriminatory way. We disagree. This Court cannot overturn this finding of fact unless it is clearly erroneous. GCR 1963, 517.1; C Thorrez Ind, Inc v Civil Rights Comm, 88 Mich App 704, 707; 278 NW2d 725 (1979). Our review of the record does not leave us with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Tuttle v Dep’t of State Highways, 397 Mich 44, 46; 243 NW2d 244 (1976). There was neither a showing that plaintiff’s discharge resulted from anything other than her noncompliance with the policy, Gallaway v Chrysler Corp, 105 Mich App 1, 6; 306 NW2d 368 (1981), lv den 413 Mich 853 (1982), nor that she was treated differently than other employees who were similarly situated. Civil Rights Comm v Chrysler Corp, 80 Mich App 368, 373; 263 NW2d 376 (1977).

Plaintiff next contends that defendants were bound by the previous manager’s failure to enforce the policy. To the contrary, the record indicates that defendants acted with reasonably prompt dispatch upon discovering the violation of their policy, dismissing the manager and informing plaintiff that she and her husband would be forced to make a choice upon her recall. Barnes v Costle, 183 US App DC 90; 561 F2d 983 (1977).

[292]*292Plaintiffs last argument, first raised on appeal, is that the antinepotism policy is invalid as a matter of law, insofar as it is applied to married persons, (Le., the "no spouse” component of the policy). Miller v C A Muer Corp, 124 Mich App 780; 336 NW2d 215 (1983), lv gtd 418 Mich 958 (1984); Lowry v Sinai Hospital of Detroit, 129 Mich App 726; 343 NW2d 1 (1983), lv gtd 418 Mich 958 (1984).

"While this Court will not ordinarily consider an issue raised for the first time on appeal, the rule is not inflexible and will not be applied where consideration of the issue is necessary to a proper determination of the case or where the issue is one of law concerning which the necessary facts have been presented.” Loper v Cascade Twp, 135 Mich App 106, 111; 352 NW2d 357 (1984).

See, also, Swartz v Dow Chemical Co, 414 Mich 433, 446; 326 NW2d 804 (1982); People v Snow, 386 Mich 586, 591; 194 NW2d 314 (1972).

Given the decisions in Miller, supra, and Lowry, supra,

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Related

Tuttle v. Department of State Highways
243 N.W.2d 244 (Michigan Supreme Court, 1976)
Klanseck v. Prudential Insurance Co. of America
509 F. Supp. 13 (E.D. Michigan, 1981)
C. Thorrez Industries, Inc. v. Civil Rights Commission
278 N.W.2d 725 (Michigan Court of Appeals, 1979)
Swartz v. Dow Chemical Co.
326 N.W.2d 804 (Michigan Supreme Court, 1982)
Donovan Construction Co. v. Department of Treasury
337 N.W.2d 297 (Michigan Court of Appeals, 1983)
Civil Rights Commission v. Chrysler Corp.
263 N.W.2d 376 (Michigan Court of Appeals, 1977)
Lowry v. Sinai Hospital
343 N.W.2d 1 (Michigan Court of Appeals, 1983)
Gallaway v. Chrysler Corp.
306 N.W.2d 368 (Michigan Court of Appeals, 1981)
Miller v. C a Muer Corp.
336 N.W.2d 215 (Michigan Court of Appeals, 1983)
People v. Snow
194 N.W.2d 314 (Michigan Supreme Court, 1972)
Loper v. Cascade Township
352 N.W.2d 357 (Michigan Court of Appeals, 1984)
Association of Hebrew Teachers v. Jewish Welfare Federation
233 N.W.2d 184 (Michigan Court of Appeals, 1975)

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Bluebook (online)
138 Mich. App. 286, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/debrabant-v-roadway-express-inc-michctapp-1984.