DDP Contracting, Inc. v. Workers' Compensation Appeal Board

808 A.2d 592, 2002 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 851
CourtCommonwealth Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedOctober 7, 2002
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 808 A.2d 592 (DDP Contracting, Inc. v. Workers' Compensation Appeal Board) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
DDP Contracting, Inc. v. Workers' Compensation Appeal Board, 808 A.2d 592, 2002 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 851 (Pa. Ct. App. 2002).

Opinion

OPINION BY

SENIOR JUDGE McCloskey.

The present case involves the consolidated petitions for review of DDP Contracting, Inc. and Penn National Insurance (hereafter collectively referred to as DDP) and Jose Mora (Claimant) of an order of the Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Board), affirming an order of the Workers’ Compensation Judge (WCJ), granting Claimant’s claim and joinder petitions but suspending Claimant’s benefits as of Janu[593]*593ary 1, 2000. We now affirm in part and reverse and remand in part.

Claimant worked as a roofer for Gustavo Fernandez (Employer). At the time, Claimant did not have documented resident alien status in this country. Instead, Claimant was an illegal alien. Employer was hired by DDP to perform roofing work on a job in which DDP was the general contractor. Claimant worked at this job. In the course and scope of his employment on February 14, 1999, Claimant sustained broken wrists and a fractured right femur after falling from the roof. Claimant was hospitalized and underwent extensive surgery for the treatment of his injuries. Employer, however, had no valid or enforceable workers’ compensation insurance coverage. Claimant later filed a claim petition against Employer and a joinder petition seeking to join DDP as his statutory employer under Section 302(a) of the Pennsylvania Workers’ Compensation Act (Act).1

The case was assigned to the WCJ and proceeded with hearings. At these hearings, DDP did not dispute its status as Claimant’s statutory employer. Rather, DDP stipulated to that fact before the WCJ. Additionally, Claimant testified on his own behalf, relating a history of his work injury and his ongoing complaints of pain. Claimant indicated that he could not return to his work as a roofer as he did not have enough strength in his hands to tear off shingles and/or carry new shingles. However, Claimant did indicate that he returned to part-time work cleaning offices in the beginning of January of 2000, earning approximately $140.00 per week. Additionally, on both direct and cross-examination, Claimant acknowledged his continued lack of resident alien status in the United States.

In opposition to Claimant’s petition, Employer merely presented the report of Dr. Ronald B. Greene. Dr. Greene performed an examination of Claimant on March 6, 2000. Dr. Greene indicated that Claimant had no complaints regarding his wrists, but that he complained of some right thigh discomfort. However, Claimant indicated that said discomfort did not cause him to cease working. Following his physical examination of Claimant, Dr. Greene opined that Claimant had fully recovered from his work-related injuries, that he was capable of returning to work on a full time basis and that he had reached maximum medical improvement. Nevertheless, Dr. Greene did note that Claimant had some discomfort in his right wrist and set forth lifting restrictions of twenty pounds occasionally and ten pounds frequently with respect to his right upper extremity.

Ultimately, the WCJ issued a decision and order granting Claimant’s claim and joinder petitions. Regarding the former, the WCJ awarded Claimant temporary total disability benefits for the closed period from February 14, 1999, to December 31, 1999. However, as of January 1, 2000, the WCJ suspended Claimant’s benefits,2 concluding that Claimant was only partially disabled but that he had effectively removed himself from the workforce as of that date by reason of his illegal alien [594]*594status. Both Claimant and DDP appealed to the Board and the Board affirmed. Claimant argued before the Board that the WCJ had erred in suspending his benefits. However, the Board, citing to the analogous situation of an incarcerated individual, found no such error, as Claimant’s own immigration status precluded his availability for work. DDP argued before the Board that the WCJ erred in awarding Claimant, an illegal alien, any benefits at all under the Act. However, citing to our decision in Reinforced Earth Company v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Astudillo), 749 A.2d 1086 (Pa.Cmwlth. 2000), petition for allowance of appeal granted, 564 Pa. 720, 764 A.2d 1074 (2000),3 the Board again found no error on the part of the WCJ.

On appeal to this Court,4 Employer argues that the WCJ and the Board erred as a matter of law in concluding that Claimant, an undocumented resident alien, was entitled to benefits under the Act. We disagree.

As the Board so noted, we have previously considered and rejected this very argument in Reinforced Earth Company,5 In that case, we specifically held that a party’s status as an illegal alien did not preclude him/her from receiving workers’ compensation benefits under the Act. In reaching that holding, we noted that a claimant must normally establish an employment relationship during which an injury arose in order to be entitled to benefits. See Section 301(c)(1) of the Act, 77 P.S. § 411(1). We also examined the definition of “employe” under Section 2 of the Act, 77 P.S. § 22, which includes “[a]ll natural persons who perform services for another for a valuable consideration, exclusive of persons whose employment is casual in character.... ”

As did the employer in Reinforced Earth Company, Employer in its appeal here argues that the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA), 8 U.S.C. § 1324a,6 and public policy preempt the Act. We reject both of these arguments. Regarding the former, in Reinforced Earth Company, we noted that IRCA was “enacted to prohibit employers from hiring individuals who were illegal aliens,” but contained no language indicating “that an individual, hired by an employer in violation of its provisions, is not an ‘employee’ under federal or state law.” Reinforced Earth Company, 749 A.2d at 1038. Regarding the latter, we noted that public policy would not be served as employers would essentially be rewarded for failing to “properly ascertain an employee’s immigration status at the time of hire.” Reinforced Earth Company, 749 A.2d at 1039.

In his appeal, Claimant argues that the WCJ and the Board erred as a matter [595]*595of law in concluding that his status as an illegal alien disqualified him from entitlement to partial disability benefits. We agree with Claimant in this regard.

We also addressed the suspension/modification issue in Reinforced Earth Company, holding that an employer “must establish Claimant’s earning power by establishing that he can perform other work.” Reinforced Earth Company, 749 A.2d at 1040. We noted that actual job referrals would not have to be made to determine the extent of claimant’s earning power “because requiring Claimant to go to interviews would be useless because he would be unable to accept any position as it would be illegal for him to work.” Id. Instead, we indicated that “all that needs to be shown is evidence of earning power similar to Act 57.”7 Id. Ultimately, we held that the Board properly concluded that employer was not entitled to a suspension/modification of claimant’s benefits as it failed to present evidence establishing the type of positions claimant could perform.8

The present case varies slightly from Reinforced Earth Company in this regard.

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Related

Mora v. Workers' Compensation Appeal Board
845 A.2d 950 (Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania, 2004)

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808 A.2d 592, 2002 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 851, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ddp-contracting-inc-v-workers-compensation-appeal-board-pacommwct-2002.