RECORD IMPOUNDED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-3530-15T2
D.C.,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
J.C.,
Defendant-Appellant. ____________________________
Argued December 18, 2018 – Decided February 7, 2019
Before Judges Fisher, Geiger and Firko.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Morris County, Docket No. FM-14-1272-12.
Angelo Sarno argued the cause for appellant (Snyder Sarno D'Aniello Maceri & Da Costa, LLC, attorneys; Angelo Sarno and Rawan Hmoud, of counsel and on the briefs; Sarah L. Davis, on the briefs).
Matheu D. Nunn argued the cause for respondent (Einhorn, Harris, Ascher, Barbarito & Frost, PC, attorneys; Matheu D. Nunn, of counsel and on the brief; Jessie M. Mills, on the brief). PER CURIAM
Defendant1 appeals from a March 7, 2016 dual final judgment of divorce
(DFJD), entered after a seven-month trial, granting: sole custody of the minor
twin sons 2 to plaintiff; ordering defendant to have supervised visitation;
determining equitable distribution, alimony, and child support; modifying
pendente lite support; and awarding counsel fees to plaintiff. There exists
substantial credible evidence in the record to support the judge's findings,
including her credibility findings, and we see no abuse of discretion. We affirm
substantially for the reasons given by Judge Maryann L. Nergaard in her
comprehensive 177 page written opinion. We add the following remarks.
Appellate review of a trial court's decision is limited, as "findings by the
trial court are binding on appeal when supported by adequate, substantial,
credible evidence." Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 411-12 (1998) (citing Rova
Farms Resort, Inc. v. Inv'rs Ins. Co., 65 N.J. 474, 484 (1974)). "[M]atrimonial
courts possess special expertise in the field of domestic relations . . . . Because
of the family courts' special jurisdiction and expertise in family matters,
1 We use initials in the caption to protect the privacy of the parties. 2 The twins were born in April 2004. A-3530-15T2 2 appellate courts should accord deference to family court factfinding." Id. at 412-
13.
"Only when the trial court's conclusions are so 'clearly mistaken' or 'wide
of the mark' should an appellate court intervene and make its own findings to
ensure that there is not a denial of justice." N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs.
v. E.P., 196 N.J. 88, 104 (2008) (citing New Jersey Div. of Youth & Family
Services v. G.L., 191 N.J. 596, 605 (2007)). Deference is extended to the family
court's factual findings because of its ability to make first-hand credibility
judgments. Ibid. "However, a judge's legal conclusions are subject to our
plenary review." Milne v. Goldenberg, 428 N.J. Super. 184, 197-98 (App. Div.
2012) (citations omitted).
I.
Custody and Parenting Time
Defendant argues that the trial judge erred by: (1) entering an interim
decision on February 9, 2015, transferring physical custody of the children to
plaintiff in violation of her due process rights and thereby tainting the remainder
of the trial; (2) requiring defendant to have supervised parenting time without
the support of expert opinion; and (3) improperly delegating its duties to court -
appointed custody experts and a non-custody expert. We disagree.
A-3530-15T2 3 We recognize that a party may suffer adverse consequences from a
temporary order. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. A.P., 408 N.J. Super.
252, 262 (App. Div. 2009); Peregoy v. Peregoy, 358 N.J. Super. 179, 203 (App.
Div. 2003). Defendant argues that A.P. and Peregoy support her argument that
her challenge to the February 9, 2015 order is not moot or superseded by the
DFJD.
Peregoy addressed the question of consent-to-jurisdiction under the
Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act, N.J.S.A. 2A:34-28 to -52. Peregoy,
358 N.J. Super. at 183. Mootness was not at issue, as the appeal arose directly
from the trial court's granting of injunctive relief. Id. at 191-92. We noted that
a trial judge's order for a temporary change in custody may have a lasting effect
by creating a new status quo, particularly in the multi-state context where the
child's "home-state" by law changes after six months. Id. at 203. With that in
mind, we concluded that there was insufficient evidence in the record to support
the trial court's summary grant of the father's motion for a change in custody.
Id. at 203-04.
Unlike Peregoy, this matter was not decided summarily by way of
certifications. Further, a superseding order was issued following a full trial that
finalized custody arrangements for the then eleven-year-old boys. While there
A-3530-15T2 4 is no question that the transfer of custody during trial changed the status quo,
defendant does not explain how that prejudiced her ability to regain custody of
the children over a year later. The applicable law and defendant's ability to
participate in the trial remained the same throughout the proceeding.
In A.P., the question was whether the defendant's appeal from the
dismissal of a Title 9 action was mooted by the Division's filing of a Title 30
action. A.P., 408 N.J. Super. at 261. We recognized that a finding of abuse or
neglect under Title 9 could prejudice a parent's cause in a subsequent Title 30
termination proceeding, but that dismissal of the Title 9 action without an
adjudication had no adverse consequences. Id. at 262-63. Significantly, we
recognized that the order disposing of the Title 9 action was not a true order of
dismissal because it provided for the continuation of physical custody of the
child with his paternal grandmother. Id. at 263. We concluded that the custody
order entered in the Title 30 action superseded the Title 9 order, resulting in the
Title 9 order having no operative effect with regard to custody. Ibid. Because
the Title 9 order had no practical effect on the existing Title 30 action against
defendant, her appeal from that order was deemed moot. Id. at 264.
Defendant's argument here is analogous to that of the defendant in A.P.
The pendente lite order of February 9 was superseded by the DFJD, thus
A-3530-15T2 5 rendering the order moot with no operative effect. While defendant may have
been dissatisfied with limitations imposed on her parenting time after February
9, those limitations were certainly less onerous than the restrictions placed on
A.P., who lost both physical and legal custody of her child while facing a
termination proceeding.
Moreover, the record is clear that defendant's separation from the children
was largely self-created. She resisted using Ann Ordway, Esq., who is also a
therapist, to supervise parenting time at the Center for Evaluation and
Counselling (CEC), and rejected several other proposed services. Defendant
refused to follow the rules at CEC, argued with staff, and threatened to file a
lawsuit. During the summer, she missed phone calls with the children and did
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RECORD IMPOUNDED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-3530-15T2
D.C.,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
J.C.,
Defendant-Appellant. ____________________________
Argued December 18, 2018 – Decided February 7, 2019
Before Judges Fisher, Geiger and Firko.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Morris County, Docket No. FM-14-1272-12.
Angelo Sarno argued the cause for appellant (Snyder Sarno D'Aniello Maceri & Da Costa, LLC, attorneys; Angelo Sarno and Rawan Hmoud, of counsel and on the briefs; Sarah L. Davis, on the briefs).
Matheu D. Nunn argued the cause for respondent (Einhorn, Harris, Ascher, Barbarito & Frost, PC, attorneys; Matheu D. Nunn, of counsel and on the brief; Jessie M. Mills, on the brief). PER CURIAM
Defendant1 appeals from a March 7, 2016 dual final judgment of divorce
(DFJD), entered after a seven-month trial, granting: sole custody of the minor
twin sons 2 to plaintiff; ordering defendant to have supervised visitation;
determining equitable distribution, alimony, and child support; modifying
pendente lite support; and awarding counsel fees to plaintiff. There exists
substantial credible evidence in the record to support the judge's findings,
including her credibility findings, and we see no abuse of discretion. We affirm
substantially for the reasons given by Judge Maryann L. Nergaard in her
comprehensive 177 page written opinion. We add the following remarks.
Appellate review of a trial court's decision is limited, as "findings by the
trial court are binding on appeal when supported by adequate, substantial,
credible evidence." Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 411-12 (1998) (citing Rova
Farms Resort, Inc. v. Inv'rs Ins. Co., 65 N.J. 474, 484 (1974)). "[M]atrimonial
courts possess special expertise in the field of domestic relations . . . . Because
of the family courts' special jurisdiction and expertise in family matters,
1 We use initials in the caption to protect the privacy of the parties. 2 The twins were born in April 2004. A-3530-15T2 2 appellate courts should accord deference to family court factfinding." Id. at 412-
13.
"Only when the trial court's conclusions are so 'clearly mistaken' or 'wide
of the mark' should an appellate court intervene and make its own findings to
ensure that there is not a denial of justice." N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs.
v. E.P., 196 N.J. 88, 104 (2008) (citing New Jersey Div. of Youth & Family
Services v. G.L., 191 N.J. 596, 605 (2007)). Deference is extended to the family
court's factual findings because of its ability to make first-hand credibility
judgments. Ibid. "However, a judge's legal conclusions are subject to our
plenary review." Milne v. Goldenberg, 428 N.J. Super. 184, 197-98 (App. Div.
2012) (citations omitted).
I.
Custody and Parenting Time
Defendant argues that the trial judge erred by: (1) entering an interim
decision on February 9, 2015, transferring physical custody of the children to
plaintiff in violation of her due process rights and thereby tainting the remainder
of the trial; (2) requiring defendant to have supervised parenting time without
the support of expert opinion; and (3) improperly delegating its duties to court -
appointed custody experts and a non-custody expert. We disagree.
A-3530-15T2 3 We recognize that a party may suffer adverse consequences from a
temporary order. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. A.P., 408 N.J. Super.
252, 262 (App. Div. 2009); Peregoy v. Peregoy, 358 N.J. Super. 179, 203 (App.
Div. 2003). Defendant argues that A.P. and Peregoy support her argument that
her challenge to the February 9, 2015 order is not moot or superseded by the
DFJD.
Peregoy addressed the question of consent-to-jurisdiction under the
Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act, N.J.S.A. 2A:34-28 to -52. Peregoy,
358 N.J. Super. at 183. Mootness was not at issue, as the appeal arose directly
from the trial court's granting of injunctive relief. Id. at 191-92. We noted that
a trial judge's order for a temporary change in custody may have a lasting effect
by creating a new status quo, particularly in the multi-state context where the
child's "home-state" by law changes after six months. Id. at 203. With that in
mind, we concluded that there was insufficient evidence in the record to support
the trial court's summary grant of the father's motion for a change in custody.
Id. at 203-04.
Unlike Peregoy, this matter was not decided summarily by way of
certifications. Further, a superseding order was issued following a full trial that
finalized custody arrangements for the then eleven-year-old boys. While there
A-3530-15T2 4 is no question that the transfer of custody during trial changed the status quo,
defendant does not explain how that prejudiced her ability to regain custody of
the children over a year later. The applicable law and defendant's ability to
participate in the trial remained the same throughout the proceeding.
In A.P., the question was whether the defendant's appeal from the
dismissal of a Title 9 action was mooted by the Division's filing of a Title 30
action. A.P., 408 N.J. Super. at 261. We recognized that a finding of abuse or
neglect under Title 9 could prejudice a parent's cause in a subsequent Title 30
termination proceeding, but that dismissal of the Title 9 action without an
adjudication had no adverse consequences. Id. at 262-63. Significantly, we
recognized that the order disposing of the Title 9 action was not a true order of
dismissal because it provided for the continuation of physical custody of the
child with his paternal grandmother. Id. at 263. We concluded that the custody
order entered in the Title 30 action superseded the Title 9 order, resulting in the
Title 9 order having no operative effect with regard to custody. Ibid. Because
the Title 9 order had no practical effect on the existing Title 30 action against
defendant, her appeal from that order was deemed moot. Id. at 264.
Defendant's argument here is analogous to that of the defendant in A.P.
The pendente lite order of February 9 was superseded by the DFJD, thus
A-3530-15T2 5 rendering the order moot with no operative effect. While defendant may have
been dissatisfied with limitations imposed on her parenting time after February
9, those limitations were certainly less onerous than the restrictions placed on
A.P., who lost both physical and legal custody of her child while facing a
termination proceeding.
Moreover, the record is clear that defendant's separation from the children
was largely self-created. She resisted using Ann Ordway, Esq., who is also a
therapist, to supervise parenting time at the Center for Evaluation and
Counselling (CEC), and rejected several other proposed services. Defendant
refused to follow the rules at CEC, argued with staff, and threatened to file a
lawsuit. During the summer, she missed phone calls with the children and did
not attend parenting time. As late as September 2015, defendant still had not
found a viable supervisor.
Further, the requirement for supervised visitation was contingent on
defendant undergoing a psychiatric evaluation with Dr. Morton Fridman, yet
defendant resisted making an appointment with him. She balked at his
recommendation for dialectical behavioral therapy and chose to see a therapist
who was more "spiritual." The court-appointed expert, Dr. Edwin Rosenberg,
opined that plaintiff was in a superior psychological state in terms of parenting,
A-3530-15T2 6 had realistic plans for the children, and that defendant's judgment was
"significantly flawed." In accord, defendant's expert, Dr. Sharon Ryan
Montgomery, described defendant as "hardwired," "histrionic," "disorganized,"
and "impulsive," whereas she described plaintiff as a "polished guy." Dr.
Montgomery testified that defendant sometimes acted contrary to the best
interests of the children.
Our review of the record reveals that the children were strongly bonded
with defendant and living with plaintiff did not diminish their love for her. The
boys continued to attend school in Kinnelon and remained active in their sports
and play dates. Nothing in the record suggests that returning the children to
defendant's physical custody would have been unduly disruptive to them.
We are satisfied that Judge Nergaard did not abuse her discretion or
commit any error because defendant has failed to demonstrate that the February
9 order prejudiced her ability to regain custody of her children. The judge found
defendant's testimony was "all over the map," and we defer to the judge's
credibility findings. Because that order was superseded by the DFJD, the issue
is moot.
A-3530-15T2 7 II.
Modification of Pendente Lite Support
Defendant next argues that the judge erred by retroactively modifying
pendente lite support to a date preceding a consent order that provided:
with respect to financial matters to the following terms, without prejudice, and subject to reallocation or modification on the application of either party:
a. Plaintiff shall pay to defendant $5,000 per month non-taxable support commencing June 1, 2012. As additional non-taxable support, the plaintiff shall pay the mortgages and taxes, utilities and telephone, lawn care and snow removal, septic expenses, exclusive of replacement of a pump that may be a major repair, normal maintenance and repairs, health insurance, including unreimbursed medical and dental expenses for the children provided (unless otherwise agreed or court ordered) the defendant uses in-network providers . . . . He shall also pay approximately $7,000 in defendant's current credit card charges.
(Emphasis added).
The consent order was abrogated when plaintiff dismissed his complaint
in August 2012, and reinstated by the court when the complaint was refiled. On
August 16, 2013, the court reduced plaintiff's pendente lite support obligations
to $3000 per month effective July 1, 2013. The order referenced "reasons placed
on the record this date," yet defendant did not include that record in her appellate
A-3530-15T2 8 appendix.3 During trial, the court addressed the modified pendente lite order,
explaining that it reduced plaintiff's direct support obligation because there was
a dispute regarding defendant's ability to earn income and issues arose
concerning her dance studio. The court determined that defendant had an
obligation to obtain employment, and she noted that no motions had been filed
since 2013 to modify support.
We note an inconsistency in defendant's arguments. In her brief, she takes
issue with the judge's reduction of pendente lite support from $5000 to $3000
per month. In her reply brief, defendant disputes the judge's application of
N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23(b)(13) in respect of retroactively modifying the support and
giving plaintiff a credit for Schedule A 4 expenses he paid post complaint. 5
3 Failure to provide the transcript for the entire proceedings from which the appeal is taken is grounds for dismissal of a separable portion of that appeal. R. 2:5-3(b); Cipala v. Lincoln Tech. Inst., 179 N.J. 45, 55 (2004). 4 The case information statement (CIS) required by Rule 5:5-2 lists shelter expenses as Schedule A. 5 We note that raising issues for the first time in a reply brief is improper. State v. Smith, 55 N.J. 476, 488 (1970); Borough of Berlin v. Remington & Vernick Eng'rs, 337 N.J. Super. 590, 596 (App. Div. 2001). A-3530-15T2 9 Pendente lite support awards may be entered based upon the parties'
submissions without a plenary hearing. Mallamo v. Mallamo, 280 N.J. Super.
8, 12 (App. Div. 1995), and are subject to modification prior to final judgment.
The record is devoid of the transcript of the judge's decision and moving
certifications in support of the motion. Nonetheless, we are satisfied from our
review of this limited record that the judge appropriately weighed evidence of
defendant's income from her dance studio and considered proofs on imputation
of income to her. In her decision, the judge found that the totality of payments
made by plaintiff to defendant throughout the proceedings allowed her to enjoy
a lifestyle significantly better than the one plaintiff had.
The judge considered the factors set forth in N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23(b)(13) by
explaining in her decision that pendente lite support paid had to be considered
before calculating the limited duration alimony prior to the DFJD. Explicit
factual findings concerning partial credits owed to plaintiff for mortgage, real
estate taxes, homeowner's insurance, association dues, and all other Schedule A
expenses, were expressed in the judge's lengthy opinion. Judge Nergaard's
analysis was based on the applicable statutory factors and the evidence presented
by the parties. We will not substitute our judgment for that of the trial court.
Genovese v. Genovese, 392 N.J. Super. 215, 222 (App. Div. 2007).
A-3530-15T2 10 III.
Counsel Fees
Defendant objects to the trial judge's imposition of a counsel fee
obligation. A Family Part judge may award counsel fees subject to the
provisions of Rule 4:42-9. In determining the award, a judge should consider:
(1) the financial circumstances of the parties;
(2) the ability of the parties to pay their own fees or to contribute to the fees of the other party;
(3) the reasonableness and good faith of the positions advanced by the parties both during and prior to trial;
(4) the extent of the fees incurred by both parties;
(5) any fees previously awarded;
(6) the amount of fees previously paid to counsel by each party;
(7) the results obtained;
(8) the degree to which fees were incurred to enforce existing orders or to compel discovery; and
(9) any other factor bearing on the fairness of an award.
[R. 5:3-5(c).]
A judge "shall consider the factors set forth in [Rule 5:3-5(c)], the
financial circumstances of the parties, and the good or bad faith of either party."
A-3530-15T2 11 N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23. Application of these factors and the decision to award fees
is within the trial judge's discretion. Gotlib v. Gotlib, 399 N.J. Super. 295, 314-
15 (App. Div. 2008). That is, an "award of counsel fees in matrimonial actions
is discretionary with the trial court, [Rule] 4:42-9(a)(1), and an exercise thereof
will not be disturbed in the absence of a showing of abuse." Berkowitz v.
Berkowitz, 55 N.J. 564, 570 (1970).
The judge analyzed the Rule 5:3-5(c), 4:42-9(a)(1), and R.P.C. 1.5(a)
factors at length in her written decision. She also found that defendant satisfied
the bad faith test set forth in Borzillo v. Borzillo, 259 N.J. Super. 286, 293-94
(Ch. Div. 1992). The judge noted that defendant exhibited "a desire to destroy,
harass[,] [and] punish plaintiff and to use this litigation to force concessions
from him." Defendant's behavior caused the litigation to be protracted, and
much more complicated and expensive than it should have been. Her behavio r
included: alienation of the children's affection for plaintiff; coaching them on
what to tell experts; fabricating her own testimony; making a blatantly false
claim that plaintiff assaulted her resulting in permanent spinal injuries; and
contrived allegations of judicial corruption.
Further, we reject defendant's argument that the judge erred by not
conducting a hearing pursuant to Mayer v. Mayer, 180 N.J. Super. 164, 169
A-3530-15T2 12 (App. Div. 1981) and Rendine v. Pantzer, 141 N.J. 292, 317 (1995). No one
requested a hearing on the issue of attorney's fees. It was appropriate for the
judge to rely upon written submissions of counsel in determining counsel fees,
and we find no abuse of discretion on this issue. See Berkowitz, 55 N.J. at 570.
The judge carefully considered the relevant factors, and her decision
adequately addressed them. The record is replete with defendant's failure to
abide by pendente lite orders evidencing her bad faith. The requested fees were
found fair and reasonable by the judge, and much work was required due to
defendant's reprehensible conduct. The judge duly considered that plaintiff's
income far exceeded defendant's earnings. The award of $105,970.90 was
appropriate.
We conclude that defendant's remaining arguments – to the extent that we
have not addressed them – lack sufficient merit to warrant any further discussion
in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
A-3530-15T2 13