ACCEPTED 12-14-00197-CR TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS TYLER, TEXAS 1/27/2015 11:22:04 AM CATHY LUSK CLERK
ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED
NO. 12-14-00197-CR FILED IN 12th COURT OF APPEALS TYLER, TEXAS IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 1/27/2015 11:22:04 AM 12TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT CATHY S. LUSK Clerk TYLER, TEXAS
DAVONTAE ROBINSON, APPELLANT
VS.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
ON APPEAL IN CAUSE NUMBER 007-0329-11 FROM THE 7th JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF SMITH COUNTY, TEXAS HONORABLE KERRY RUSSELL, JUDGE PRESIDING
APPELLANT’S BRIEF
JAMES W. HUGGLER, JR. 100 E. FERGUSON, SUITE 805 TYLER, TEXAS 75702 903-593-2400 STATE BAR NUMBER 00795437
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL
APPELLANT: Davontae Robinson
APPELLANT’S TRIAL COUNSEL Kurt Noell (At trial) 231 South College Avenue Tyler, Texas 75702 903-597-9069
John Jarvis (At revocation) 326 S. Fannin Tyler, Texas 75702 903-592-6576
APPELLANT’S APPELLATE COUNSEL James Huggler 100 E. Ferguson, Suite 805 Tyler, Texas 75702 903-593-2400 903-593-3830 (fax)
APPELLEE The State of Texas
APPELLEE’S TRIAL COUNSEL Richard Vance Chris Gatewood Bryan Jiral Smith County Criminal District Attorney’s Office 100 N. Broadway, 4th Floor Tyler, Texas 75702 903-590-1720 903-590-1719 (fax)
ii APPELLEE’S APPELLATE COUNSEL Michael West Smith County Criminal District Attorney’s Office 100 N. Broadway, 4th Floor Tyler, Texas 75702 903-590-1720 903-590-1719 (fax)
iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
STATEMENT OF THE CASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ISSUES PRESENTED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
ISSUE ONE: The trial court erred in imposing attorney fees following a finding that Mr. Robinson was indigent and was appointed counsel.
ISSUE TWO: The District Clerk erred in including attorney fees following a finding that Mr. Robinson was indigent and appointed counsel.
STATEMENT OF FACTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
ARGUMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
ISSUE ONE, RESTATED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
ISSUE TWO, RESTATED.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
A. Law on Attorney Fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 B. Standard of Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 C. Application to These Facts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 D. Remedy and Relief Requested.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
PRAYER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 iv CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
v TABLE OF AUTHORITIES STATUTES TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 26.04(p) (West 2010).. . . . . . . . . . . 6, 7 TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 26.05(g) (West 2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 103.001 (West 2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. §§ 102.001-.142 (West 2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 102.021 (West 2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 103.006 (West 2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. §481.115(a) and (c) (West 2010). 2, 3
CASES Armstrong v. State, 340 S.W.3d 759 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011). . . . . . . 7, 8 Howell v. State, 175 S.W.3d 786, 792 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005).. . . . . . . . 9 Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Johnson v. State, 423 S.W.3d 385, 390 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014). . . . . . . 8 Johnson v. State, 405 S.W.3d 350, 354 (Tex. App. – Tyler 2013, no pet). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 9 Mayer v. State, 309 S.W.3d 552, 557 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010). . . . . . . 7, 9 Montgomery v. State, 810 S.W.2d 372, 380 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). . . . 9 Owen v. State, 352 S.W.3d 542, 5148 (Tex. App. – Amarillo 2011, no pet). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 8 Weir v. State, 278 S.W.3d 364, 367 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009). . . . . . . . . . 7 Williams v. State, 332 S.W.3d 694, 699 (Tex. App. – Amarillo 2011, pet. denied). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 9
vi RULES TEX. R. APP. PROC. 9.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 TEX. R. APP. PROC. 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
vii NO. 12-14-00197-CR
DAVONTAE ROBINSON § IN THE COURT OF APPEALS APPELLANT § § VS. § 12TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT § THE STATE OF TEXAS, § APPELLEE § TYLER, TEXAS
TO THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS AND THE JUSTICES THEREOF:
Davontae Robinson, (“Appellant”), by and through his attorney of
record, James Huggler, and pursuant to the provisions of TEX. R. APP.
PROC. 38, et seq., respectfully submits this brief on appeal.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Appellant was indicted in Cause Number 007-1329-11 for the third
degree felony offense of possession of a controlled substance. I CR 11; see
1 References to the Clerk’s Record are designated “CR” with a roman numeral preceding “CR” indicating the correct volume and an arabic numeral following “CR” specifying the correct 1 TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE CODE ANN. §481.115(West 2010). Mr.
Robinson was placed on four years deferred adjudication supervision
pursuant to a plea agreement. I CR 32; IV RR 9.2 The State filed a
motion to adjudicate, Mr. Robinson entered true pleas all the allegations.
I CR 65; V RR 12. Following evidence and argument of counsel, the court
found Mr. Robinson guilty of the offense and sentenced him to three years
confinement. I CR 70-71; V RR 35.
Notice of appeal was timely filed in on July 14, 2014. I CR 79. This
Brief is timely filed on or before January 28, 2015 following proper
extension granted by this Court.
page in the record.
2 References to the Reporter’s Record are designated “RR” with a roman numeral preceding “RR” indicating the correct volume, and an arabic numeral following “RR” specifying the correct page. 2 ISSUES PRESENTED
ISSUE ONE: The Trial Court erred in imposing attorney fees following a finding that Mr. Robinson was indigent and was appointed counsel.
ISSUE TWO: The District Clerk erred in including attorney fees in the boll of costs following a finding that Mr. Robinson was indigent and was appointed counsel.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS
DaVontae Robinson was indicted and charged with possessing a
controlled substance, cocaine in an amount more than one gram, but less
than four grams, a third degree felony. I CR 1. TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY
CODE ANN. §481.115 (a) and (c)(West 2010). Mr. Robinson entered a plea
of guilty to the charge, pursuant to an agreement and was placed on four
years deferred adjudication with a variety of conditions. I CR 32-36, 43-
45; III RR 29; IV RR 9.
The State filed an application to proceed to final adjudication
alleging that (1) Mr. Robinson was placed on deferred adjudication; (2)
that he failed to report for March 2014; (3) that he failed to pay for
urinalysis testing on November 19, 2013; (4) that he failed to perform
community service restitution for a variety of months; (5) that he failed to 3 pay supervision fees for three different months while on supervision; (6)
that he failed to pay court costs, including appointed counsel fees from
October 2011 through February 2012, August through October 2012,
December 2012 through March 2014; (7) that he failed to pay DPS
reimbursement pursuant to the plea agreement; (8) that he failed to pay
the $50 to the Tyler/Smith County Crimestoppers program; (9) that he
failed to complete the Drug Offender Education Program; and (10) that he
failed to attend and complete the Lifeskills program. I CR 53-58.
Mr Robinson entered a plea of true to each of the paragraphs
alleged. I CR 65; V RR 12. Following evidence, the trial court granted the
State’s motion to proceed to final adjudication. The court found Mr.
Robinson guilty of the offense and assessed a three year sentence in the
Texas Department of Criminal Justice. No fine was ordered, but court
costs were ordered to be paid. I CR 70-71; V RR 35. Further discussion
of relevant facts is included below. Timely notice of appeal was filed. I CR
79. This appeal follows.
4 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT
The error for this Court to consider involves the improper
assessment of court costs. The trial court improperly ordered
reimbursement of attorney fees after Mr. Robinson was found to be
indigent and was appointed counsel. The attorney fees were included in
the judgment placing him on probation. While the final judgment from
the trial court does not include the fee, the bill of costs prepared by the
clerk’s office does contain the improper assessment of fees and will be the
record used by the Smith County collections department following his
release from custody.
5 ARGUMENT
Issue One Restated: The trial court erred in imposing attorney fees following a finding that Mr. Robinson was indigent and was appointed counsel.
Issue Two, Restated: The District Clerk erred in including attorney fees following a finding that Mr. Robinson was indigent and was appointed counsel.
A. Law on Attorney’s Fees
A trial court has the authority to assess attorney’s fees against a
criminal defendant who received court-appointed counsel. TEX. CODE
CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 26.05(g)(West 2010). Once a defendant has been
determined to be indigent, he is presumed to remain indigent for the
remainder of the proceedings unless a material change in his financial
circumstances occurs. TEX. CODE CRIM . PROC. ANN. art. 26.04(p) (West
2010). Before attorney’s fees may be imposed, the trial court must make
a determination supported by some factual basis in the record that the
defendant has financial resources to enable him to offset in whole or in
part the costs of the legal services provided. Johnson v. State, 405 S.W.3d
350, 354 (Tex. App. – Tyler 2013, no pet). If the record does not show any
material change in the defendant’s financial circumstances, the evidence
6 will be insufficient to support the imposition of attorney’s fees. TEX. CODE
CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 26.04(p); Mayer v. State, 309 S.W.3d 552, 553, 557
(Tex. Crim. App. 2013).
Court costs are pre-determined, legislatively-mandated obligations
resulting from a conviction. See, e.g., TEX. GOV'T CODE ANN. §§
102.001-.142 (West 2010) (setting forth various court costs that a
convicted person "shall" pay). A sentencing court shall impose the
statutory court costs at the time a defendant is sentenced. Armstrong v.
State, 340 S.W.3d 759 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011); TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN.
§102.021 (West 2010). Court costs are not punitive in nature and do not
have to be included in an oral pronouncement of a sentence. Weir v.
State, 278 S.W.3d 364, 367 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009).
A cost is not payable by the person charged with the cost until a
written bill is produced or is ready to be produced, containing the items
of cost, signed by the officer who charged the cost or the officer who is
entitled to receive payment of the cost. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art.
103.001 (West 2010). The clerk of the trial court is required to keep a fee
record, and a statement of an item therein is prima facie evidence of the
correctness of the statement. Owen v. State, 352 S.W.3d 542, 548 (Tex. 7 App.—Amarillo 2011, no pet.) (citing TEX.CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art.
103.009(a), (c)). Until a certified bill of costs has been made part of the
record, a defendant has no obligation to pay court costs. Owen, 352
S.W.3d at 547 (citing Armstrong, 340 S.W.3d at 765; Williams v. State,
332 S.W.3d 694, 699 (Tex. App. – Amarillo 2011, pet. denied).
If a criminal action is appealed, "an officer of the court shall certify
and sign a bill of costs stating the costs that have accrued and send the
bill of costs to the court to which the action or proceeding is transferred or
appealed." TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 103.006 (West 2010).
B. Standard of Review
The imposition of court costs upon a criminal defendant is a
“nonpunitive recoupment of the costs of judicial resources expended in
connection with the trial of the case.” Johnson v. State, 423 S.W.3d 385,
390 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014). When the imposition of court costs is
challenged on appeal, the court reviews the assessment of costs to
determine if there is a basis for the cost, not to determine if there is
sufficient evidence offered at trial to prove each cost. Id.
8 The standard for reviewing a legal sufficiency challenge is whether
any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the
offense beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. at
315-16, 99 S. Ct. at 2786-787; see also Mayer v. State, 309 S.W.3d 552,
557 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010)(sufficiency review of evidence to support order
of repayment of attorney fees as costs).
A challenge to a withdrawal of funds notification is reviewed for an
abuse of discretion. Williams, 332 S.W.3d at 698. A trial court abuses
its discretion when it acts “without reference to any guiding rules and
principles. Howell v. State, 175 S.W.3d 786, 792 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005);
Montgomery v. State, 810 S.W.2d 372, 380 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). The
reviewing court may modify a withdrawal order on direct appeal if the
evidence is insufficient to support the assessment of court costs. Johnson
v. State, 405 S.W.3d at 355.
C. Application to These Facts
Mr. Robinson has been represented at all times following the initial
appearance by appointed counsel. The record contains three different
9 orders appointing counsel. I CR 13, 61 and 74. The record contains one
pauper’s oath which was granted by the trial court and was not contested
during any of the proceedings in this case. I CR 11-12. Following this
pauper’s oath application, Mr. Robinson was appointed counsel. I CR 13.
Another attorney was appointed for the revocation proceedings. I CR 61.
A third attorney was appointed for the appeal of this case. I CR 74. A
motion was filed with the trial court seeking a free reporter’s record on
appeal. I CR 83-85. This motion was granted by the trial court without
opposition from the State of Texas. I CR 86.
The application to proceed to final adjudication included an
allegation that Mr. Robinson failed to pay court cost (sic), including any
appointed counsel fees. I CR 56, ¶ 6. The trial court also commented on
the failure to pay court costs. V RR 34, lines 16-18. The trial court
ordered Mr. Robinson to pay any unpaid taxable court costs. V RR 35.
The September 15, 2011 order placing Mr. Robinson on deferred
adjudication supervision included $673.00 in court costs. I CR 46-47. The
bill of costs prepared by the District Clerk’s Office on July 10, 2014
matches this amount. I CR 73. The final judgment signed July 9, 2014
reflects a balance of $73.00 for court costs, even though the bill of costs 10 reflects a balance of $373.00. I CR 73 and 70-71.
The majority of the items listed on the bill of costs appear to be
properly assessed costs. I CR 73. The properly assessed costs equal
$373.00 in court costs. However, a $300 fee was assessed for receiving
appointed counsel. I CR 73.
There is no evidence to contest the finding that Mr. Robinson was
found indigent. Assessment of attorney’s fees following a finding of
indigence is improper. While the final judgment does not include the
attorney’s fee, the bill of costs does, and court costs, including attorney
fees were improperly collected by the probation department impacting,
among other things the restitution owed. Why the bill of costs contains
the fee after the judgment was prepared and signed is not known.
D. Remedy and Relief Requested
The fee seeking reimbursement for the appointed attorney was
improperly assessed by the court and the clerk’s office. The judgment and
the bill of costs should be modified to reflect the amount of proper taxable
court costs due.
11 PRAYER FOR RELIEF
WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, Counsel respectfully
prays that this Court modify the judgment of the trial court and order the
Clerk to prepare and file an amended bill of costs without the improperly
assessed attorney fee.
Respectfully submitted,
/s/ James Huggler James W. Huggler, Jr. State Bar Number 00795437 100 E. Ferguson, Suite 805 Tyler, Texas 75702 903-593-2400 903-593-3830 fax ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
12 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
A true and correct copy of the foregoing Brief of the Appellant has been forwarded to counsel for the State by electronic filing on this the 27th day of January, 2015.
/s/ James Huggler James W. Huggler, Jr.
Attorney for the State: Mr. Michael West Smith County Criminal District Attorney’s Office 100 N. Broadway, 4th Floor Tyler, Texas 75702
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
I certify that this Brief complies with Tex. R. App. P. 9.4, specifically using 14 point Century font and contains 2,618 words as counted by Corel WordPerfect version x5.
/s/ James Huggler James Huggler