Davis v. State

484 S.E.2d 655, 225 Ga. App. 627, 97 Fulton County D. Rep. 466, 1997 Ga. App. LEXIS 139
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedFebruary 10, 1997
DocketA96A1838
StatusPublished
Cited by12 cases

This text of 484 S.E.2d 655 (Davis v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Davis v. State, 484 S.E.2d 655, 225 Ga. App. 627, 97 Fulton County D. Rep. 466, 1997 Ga. App. LEXIS 139 (Ga. Ct. App. 1997).

Opinion

Ruffin, Judge.

A jury found Jerome Davis guilty of two counts of aggravated assault and not guilty of “entering an automobile.” The court sentenced Davis to nine years on each count of aggravated assault, to be served concurrently. Davis appeals, challenging the sufficiency of the evidence, the denial of his motion to suppress, the jury charge, and his sentence. We affirm.

1. Davis asserts that the evidence was insufficient to support his convictions on two counts of aggravated assault. We disagree.

“ ‘On appeal the evidence must be viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, and [Davis] no longer enjoys the presumption of innocence; moreover, on appeal this court determines evidence sufficiency, and does not weigh the evidence or determine witness credibility. [Cit.]’ [Cit.]” King v. State, 213 Ga. App. 268, 269 (444 SE2d 381) (1994).

Viewed in this light, the evidence shows the following. On the evening the offenses were committed, Douglas Paxton, an employee of the Center Stage Theater, observed two men in the theater’s parking deck whom he suspected were breaking into a car. Paxton returned to the theater and informed Bill McCook, a security guard, of his observations. When Paxton and McCook returned to the parking deck, they noticed that the two suspects had left the area and were standing across the street. Paxton and McCook ran toward the two suspects, who then fled on foot. As Paxton and McCook chased the suspects, both suspects turned around and fired gunshots at them.

Paxton testified that after the shooting, he ran back to the theater and informed Atlanta Police Officer John Drummond of what occurred. As Officer Drummond and Paxton were driving around the area searching for the two suspects, Paxton thought he recognized one of them walking down the sidewalk. When Paxton and Officer Drummond approached the individual in their car, he looked at them, then turned away and put his hands in his pockets. Officer Drummond testified that due to concerns for his safety, which were based on the reported shooting, he exited the car with his gun drawn *628 and told the individual, who was later identified as Davis, to remove his hands from his pockets and turn around. When Davis turned around Officer Drummond “observed a small caliber weapon sticking out of his right coat pocket.” A subsequent search revealed another handgun stuck in Davis’ belt. Both Paxton and McCook positively identified Davis as the person who shot at them.

The foregoing evidence was sufficient for a rational trier of fact to find Davis guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of two counts of aggravated assault. See id.; Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979).

2. Davis asserts that the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress evidence of the guns he possessed at the time of his stop. Davis argues that the evidence should have been suppressed because Officer Drummond’s stop was “overly intrusive under the circumstances, and lacking in reasonable articulable suspicion.” We disagree.

“ £[A] police officer may make a brief, investigatory stop, provided the officer has a reasonable, articulable suspicion that the person stopped has been, is, or is about to be engaged in criminal activity, and the nature and extent of the detention is minimally intrusive. (Cit.)’ ” Chaney v. State, 207 Ga. App. 72 (427 SE2d 63) (1993). In this case, Officer Drummond was suspicious that Davis committed the shooting and possible car break-in because he matched the general description of the perpetrator and because Paxton had informed him that, although he was not sure, Davis looked like the person who shot at him. “The Fourth Amendment does not require a policeman who lacks the precise level of information necessary for probable cause to arrest to simply shrug his shoulders and allow ... a criminal to escape.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.) State v. Grimes, 195 Ga. App. 773, 774 (1) (395 SE2d 42) (1990). Accordingly, despite Paxton’s somewhat tentative identification, Officer Drummond was permitted to stop Davis to determine whether he committed the witnessed offenses.

We also find that Officer Drummond’s conduct during the stop was not overly intrusive simply because he had his weapon drawn when he exited the car. “ £An investigatory stop is not automatically an arrest simply because an officer is armed. . . . (Cits.) It is often necessary for the police to approach a person with a drawn weapon in a suspiciously dangerous situation in order to protect the physical well-being of both police officers and the public.’ [Cit.]” Id. at 775.

As stated above, in this case Officer Drummond testified that he exited the car with his gun drawn due to concerns for his safety, which were based on the reported shooting. Under such circumstances, Officer Drummond was permitted to take appropriate action to protect himself and the public. Id. And, although ££[t]he usual *629 police response will be to conduct a frisk, . . . [w]here an immediate frisk is not feasible, . . . the officer [is] justified in approaching the suspect with weapon drawn or at the ready. The key question in all cases remains whether the protective measures taken by the officer were reasonable under the circumstances.” (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Id. Because of the prior shooting, Officer Drummond was justified in believing that Davis was possibly armed and dangerous. Officer Drummond was subsequently authorized to arrest Davis upon observing the gun protruding from his pocket. See id.

Accordingly, we find no error in the denial of Davis’ motion to suppress.

3. Davis asserts that the jury instructions “taken as a whole denied due process, shifted the burden to appellant and negated any charge on reasonable doubt.” In support of his assertion, Davis cites two examples of purportedly erroneous charges.

During the charge on circumstantial evidence, the trial court gave the jury an example of what constitutes such evidence. Davis contends that the illustration was prejudicial because it was “practically identical to the facts of the current case. . . .” We disagree. Although the illustration involved a shooting, as in the present case, it was not “practically identical.” Furthermore, the use of such “illustrations to explain to the jury the difficult concept of the differences between direct and circumstantial evidence, was not improper, especially since the jury was charged as to the law of direct and circumstantial evidence, the jury was not advised as to which facts occurred here, and the [judge] instructed them that nothing he had said during the trial was intended to intimate, hint, or suggest which side should prevail.” Mayne v. State, 258 Ga. 36, 38 (5) (365 SE2d 270) (1988).

Davis also contends the jury charge was erroneous because the court instructed the jury that “[y]our verdict must be unanimous. It’s no such thing as a majority verdict. Each of you must agree to the verdict, any verdict that you return.” Davis contends that such language required each juror to “concede to the majority opinion.” However, as Davis acknowledges, the jury charges must be read as a whole. Hambrick v. State, 256 Ga. 688 (3) (353 SE2d 177) (1987).

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Bluebook (online)
484 S.E.2d 655, 225 Ga. App. 627, 97 Fulton County D. Rep. 466, 1997 Ga. App. LEXIS 139, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/davis-v-state-gactapp-1997.